The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 45

_Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. ii., p. 506. 'The following races of Californians were named to us living within the precincts of the Mission of San Francisco; Guymen, Utschim, Olumpali, Soclan, Sonomi, Chulpun, Umpin, Kosmitas, Bulbones, Tchalabones, Pitem, Lamam, Apalamu, Tcholoones, Suysum, Numpali, Tamal, and Ululato.' _Chamisso_, in _Kotzebue's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 51. 'On compte dans cette seul mission (San Francisco) plus de quinze differentes tribus d'Indiens: les Khoulpouni; les Oumpini; les Kosmiti; les Lamanes; les Bolbones; les Pitemens; les Khalalons; les Apatamnes, ils parlent la meme langue et habitent le long des bords du Rio Sacramento; les Guimen; les Outchioung; les Olompalis; les Tamals; les Sonons ils parlent la meme langue; ces tribus sont les plus nombreuses dans la mission de San Francisco; les Saklans; les Ouloulatines; les Noumpolis; les Souissouns; ils parlent des langues differentes.' _Choris_, _Voy. Pitt._, pt. iii., pp. 5, 6. 'California Indians on the Bay of San Francisco, and formerly under the supervisions of the Mission Dolores. There were five tribes: Ashwashtes, Olhones (called by the Spaniards Costanos, or Indians of the coast), Altahmos, Romonans, and Tulomos. A few other small tribes round the bay speak the same language.' _Ludewig_, _Ab. Lang._, p. 53. 'Um die Bai von San Francisco die Matalanes, Salses und Quiroles, deren Sprachen, eine gemeinsame Quelle haben.' _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, vol.

ii., pt. ii., p. 454. The Olchones 'inhabit the seacoast between San Francisco and Monterey.' _Beechey's Voy._, vol. ii., p. 78. The Salsonas, 'viven unas seis leguas distantes rumbo al Sueste (of San Francis...o...b..y) por las cercanias del brazo de mar.' _Palou_, _Vida de Junipero Serra_, p. 214.

The _Korekins_ formerly lived at the mouth of the San Joaquin.

_Kotzebue's New Voy._, vol. ii., p. 141.

'The rancherias of Indians near this Mission, all within eight or ten miles of Santa Cruz, ... were: Aulintac, the rancheria proper to the Mission; Chalumu, one mile north-west of the Mission; Hottrochtac, two miles north-west; ... Wallanmai; Sio Cotchmin; Sh.o.r.emee; Onbi; Choromi; Turami; Payanmin; Shiuguermi; Hauzaurni. The Mission also had neophytes of the rancherias of Tomoy, Osacalis (Souquel), Yeunaba, Achilla, Yeunata, Tejey, Nohioalli, Utalliam, Locobo, Yeunator, Chanech, Huocom, Chicutae, Aestaca, Sachuen, Hualquilme, Sagin, Ochoyos, Huachi, Apil, Mallin, Luchasmi, Coot, and Agtism, as detailed in a letter from Friar Ramon Olbez to Governor de Sola, in November, 1819, in reply to a circular from him, as to the native names, etc., of the Indians of Santa Cruz, and their rancherias.' _Cal. Farmer_, _April 5, 1860_.

The _Mutsunes_ are the natives of the Mission of San Juan Baptista.

_Cal. Farmer_, _Nov. 23_, and _June 22, 1860_; _Hist. Mag._, vol. i., p.

205.

The _Ansaymas_ lived in the vicinity of San Juan Bautista. _Cal.

Farmer_, _June 22, 1860_. 'Four leagues (twelve miles) southeast of the Mission (Monterey), inside the hills eastward, was the rancheria of Echilat, called San Francisquita. Eslanagan was one on the east side of the river and Ecgeagan was another; another was Ichenta or San Jose; another Xaseum in the Sierra, ten leagues from Carmelo; that of Pachhepes was in the vicinity of Xaseum, among the Escellens. That of the Sargentarukas was seven leagues south and east of the river in a Canaditta de Palo Colorado.' _Cal. Farmer_, _April 20, 1860_.

The _Runsienes_ live near Monterey. _Cal. Farmer_, _April 20, 1860_. The Rumsen or Runsienes are 'Indians in the neighbourhood of Monterey, California. The Achastliers speak a dialect of the same language.'

_Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 163. 'Um den Hafen von Monterey leben die Rumsen oder Runsien, die Escelen oder Eslen, die Ecclemaches, und Achastlies.' _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 454. 'La partie septentrionale de la Nouvelle-Californie est habitee par les deux nations des Rumsen et Escelen.... Elles forment la population du preside et du village de Monterey. Dans la baie de S. Francisco, on distingue les tribus des Matalans, Salsen et Quirotes.' _Humboldt_, _Pol._, p.

321. 'Eslen y Runsien que ocupan toda la California septentrional.'

_Sutil y Mexicana_, _Viage_, p. 167. 'Um Monterey wohnen zwey Volker ...

die Rumsen, und im Osten von diesen die Escelen.' _Vater_, _Mithridates_, p. 202. 'The Eslenes clan roamed over the present ranchos San Francisquito, Tallarcittos, and up and down the Carmelo Valley.'

'The rancheria _per se_ of the Escellens was named by the priests, Santa Clara; Soccorondo was across the river a few miles. Their other little clans or septs were called Coyyo, Yampas, Fyules, Nennequi, j.a.ppayon, Gilimis, and Yanostas.' _Cal. Farmer_, _April 20, 1860_. The Eskelens are 'California Indians, east of Monterey. The Ekklemaches are said to be a tribe of the Eskelen, and to speak the richest idiom of all the California Indians.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 68. The country of the Ecclemachs extends more than twenty leagues east of Monterey. _Cal.

Farmer_, _Oct. 17, 1862_.

The _Katlendarucas_ seem 'to have been situated near the Esteros or Lagoons about the mouth of the Salinas river, or in the words of the old priest, "en los Esteros de la entrada al mar del Rio de Monterey, o reversa de esta grande Ensenada." Their rancherias were Capanay, Lucayasta, Paysim, Tiubta, Culul, Mustac, Pytogius, Animpayamo, Ymunacam, and all on the Pajaro river, or between it and the Salinas.'

_Cal. Farmer_, _April 20, 1860_; _MS. Map_.

The _Sakhones_ had rancherias near Monterey 'on the ranchos now known as Loucitta, Tarro, National Buena Esperanza, Buena Vista, and lands of that vicinity.' _Ib._; _MS. Map_.

'The _Wallalshimmez_ live on Tuolumne River.' _Lewis_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1857, p. 399.

'The _Potoancies_ claim the Merced river as their homes.' _Ib._ The Potaaches occupy the same region on the _MS. Map_.

'The _Nootchoos_ ... live on the headwaters of Chowchilla.' _Lewis_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 399. The Nootchoos live on the south fork of the Merced. _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. x., p. 325.

'The _Pohoneeches_ live on the headwaters of Fresno.' _Lewis_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 399. The Pohoneeches live on the north bank of the Fresno. _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. x., p. 325.

The _Pitcatches_, the _Tallenches_, and the _Coswas_, live on the San Joaquin. _Lewis_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 399.

[Sidenote: KING'S RIVER AND TULARE LAKE TRIBES.]

'The _Wattokes_, a nation of Indians, consisting of the Wattokes, Ituchas, Chokemnies, and Wechummies, live high up on King's river.'

_Lewis_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 399.

The _Watches_, the _Notonotoos_, and the _Wemelches_, live in the neighborhood of King's River Farm. _Ib._

'The _Talches_ and Woowells live on Tulare Lake.' _Ib._

The _Chowchillas_, _Choocchancies_, and _Howachez_, are mentioned as living at Fresno River Farm. _Id._, p. 399. The Chowchillas inhabit 'from the Kern River of the Tulare deltas to the Feather river.'

_Taylor_, in _Bancroft's Hand Book Almanac_, 1864, p. 32.

The _Wallas_ live in Tuolumne county. _Patrick_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 240. There has been much discussion about the word Wallie, or Walla. Powers a.s.serts that it is derived from the word 'wallim,' which means 'down below', and was applied by the Yosemite Indians to all tribes living below them. The Wallies live on the Stanislaus and Tuolumne. _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. x., p. 325.

The Mewahs live in Tuolumne county. _Jewett_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 244.

The _Meewoc_ nation 'extended from the snow-line of the Sierra to the San Joaquin River, and from the Cosumnes to the Fresno.... North of the Stanislaus they call themselves Meewoc (Indians); south of it, to the Merced, Meewa; south of that to the Fresno, Meewie. On the upper Merced river is Wakalla; on the upper Tuolumne, Wakalumy; on the Stanislaus and Mokelumne, Wakalumytoh.... As to tribal distribution, the Meewocs north of the Stanislaus, like the Neeshenams, designate princ.i.p.ally by the points of the compa.s.s. These are toomun, choomuch, hayzooit, and olowit (north, south, east, and west), from which are formed various tribal names--as Toomuns, Toomedocs, and Tamolecas, Choomuch, Choomwits, Choomedocs, or Chimedocs, and Choomteyas; Olowits, Olowedocs, Oloweeyas, etc. Olowedocs is the name applied to all Indians living on the plains, as far west as Stockton. But there are several names which are employed absolutely, and without any reference to direction. On the south bank of the Cosumnes are the Cawnees; on Sutter Creek, the Yulonees; on the Stanislaus and Tuolumne the extensive tribe of Wallies; in Yosemite, the Awanees, on the south fork of Merced, the Nootchoos; on the middle Merced, the Choomteyas, on the upper Chowchilla, the Hethtoyas; on the middle Chowchilla the tribe that named the stream; and on the north bank of the Fresno the Pohoneechees.' _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol.

x., pp. 322-5; _MS. Map_.

The _Coitch_ tribe live one hundred and fifty miles east of the Vegas of Santa Clara. _Los Angeles Star_, _May 18, 1861_.

The _Notonatos_ lived on King's river. _Maltby's MS. Letter._

The _Kahweahs_ lived on Four Creeks. _Ib._

The _Yolanchas_ lived on Tule river. _Ib._

The _Pokoninos_ lived on Deer creek. _Ib._

The _Poloyamas_ lived on Pasey creek. _Ib._

The _Polokawynahs_ lived on Kern river. _Ib._

The _Ymithces_ and _Cowiahs_ live on Four Creeks. _Henley_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 303.

The _Waches_, _Notoowthas_, _Ptolmes_, and _Chunemnes_ live on King river. _Ib._

The _Costrowers_, _Pitiaches_, _Talluches_, _Loomnears_ and _Amonces_ live on the San Joaquin. _Id._, p. 304.

The _Chowclas_, _Chookchaneys_, _Phonechas_, _Nookchues_, and _Howetsers_, live on the Fresno river. _Ib._

The _Coconoons_ live on the Merced river. _Johnston_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 413.

The _Monos_ living west of the Sierra Nevada, live on Fine Gold Gulch and the San Joaquin river. _Ib._ East of the Sierra Nevada they occupy the country south of Mono Lake. _MS. Map._ 'The Monos, Cosos, and some other tribes, occupy the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevadas.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _May 8, 1863_. 'The Olanches, Monos, Siqiurionals, Wasakshes, Cowhuillas, Chokiamauves, Tenisichs, Yocolles, Paloushiss, Wikachumnis, Openoches, Taches, Nutonetoos and Choemimnees, roamed from the Tuolumne to Kings river and the Tejon, on the east of the San Joaquin, the Tulare lakes and in the Sierra Nevada, as stated by Lieut. Beale, in 1856.'

_Cal. Farmer_, _June 8, 1860_.

The _Tularenos_ live in the mountain wilderness of the Four Creeks, Porsiuncula (or Kerns or Current) river and the Tejon; and wander thence towards the headwaters of the Mohave and the neighborhood of the Cahuillas. Their present common name belongs to the Spanish and Mexican times and is derived from the word Tulare (a swamp with flags). _Hayes'

MS._ 'Tularenos, Habitant la grande vallee de los Tulares de la Californie.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p. 335.

'The _Yocut_ dominion includes the Kern and Tulare basins and the middle of San Joaquin, stretching from Fresno to Kern River Falls.' _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. xi., p. 105.

c.u.mbatwas on Pitt river. _Roseborough's letter to the author, MS._

Shastas, in Shasta and Scott valleys. _Ib._

[Sidenote: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIANS.]