The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 44

The _Oleepas_ live on the Feather River, twenty miles above Marysville.

_Delano's Life on the Plains_, p. 293.

'The Nemshous, as stated by General Sutter, roamed (prior to 1846) between the Bear and American rivers; across the Sacramento were the Yolos and Colusas; north of the American Fork were the Bashones. On the banks of the river north of Fort Helvetia, roamed the Veshanacks, the Touserlemnies and Youcoolumnies; between the American (plain and hills) and the Mokalumne roamed the Walac.u.mnies, Cosumnies, Solumnees, Mokelumnees, Suraminis, Yosumnis, Lacomnis, Kis Kies and Omochumnies.'

_Cal. Farmer_, _June 8, 1860_. The Colusas live in the north-eastern corner of Colusa County. The Yolos, in the northern part of the county of that name. West of them the Olashes. The Bushones in the south of Yolo County. The Nemshoos in the eastern part of Placer County. The Yukutneys north of them. The Vesnacks south-west of the Nemshoos, and north of the Pulpenes. The Youcoulumnes and Cosumnes are in the eastern part of Amador county. The Mokelumnes south of them. The Yachachumnes west of the Mokelumnes. _MS. Map_. 'Yolo is a corruption of the Indian Yoloy, which signified a region thick with rushes, and was the name of the tribe owning the tule lands west of the Sacramento and bordering on Cache Creek.' _Tuthill's Hist. Cal._, p. 301. The following are names of rancherias of tame Indians or Neophytes in the Sacramento Valley; Sakisimme, Shonomnes, Tawalemnes, Seywamenes, Mukelemnes, Cosumne.

Rancherias of wild Indians or Gentiles, are: Sagayac.u.mne, Socklumnes, Olonutchamne, Newatchumne, Yumagatock, Shalachmushumne, Omatchamne, Yusumne, Yuleyumne, Tamlocklock, Sapototot, Yalesumne, Wapoomne, Kishey, Sec.u.mne, Pushune, Oioksec.u.mne, Nemshan, Palanshan, Ustu, Olash, Yukulme, Hock, Sishu, Mimal, Yulu, Bubu, Honcut. _Indian Tribes of the Sacramento Valley, MS._ Tame Indians or Neophites: Lakisumne, Shonomne, Fawalomnes, Mukeemnes, Cosumne. Wild Indians or Gentiles: Sagayac.u.mne, Locklomnee, Olonutchamne, Yumagatock, Shalachmushumne, Omutchamne, Yusumne, Yaleyumne, Yamlocklock, Lapototot, Yalesumne, Wajuomne, Kisky, Sec.u.mne, Pushune, Oioksec.u.mne, Nemshaw, Palanshawl Ustu, Olash, Yukulme, Hock, Lishu, Mimal, Ubu, Bubu, Honcut. _Sutter's Estimate of Indian Population, 1847, MS._ The Ochecamnes, Servushamnes, Chupumnes, Omutchumnes, Sic.u.mnes, Walagumnes, Cosumnes, Sololumnes, Turealemnes, Saywamines, Nevichumnes, Matchemnes, Sagayayumnes, Muthelemnes, and Lopstatimnes, lived on the eastern bank of the Sacramento. The Bushumnes (or Pujuni), (or Sekomne) Yasumnes, Nemshaw, Kisky, Yaesumnes, Huk, and Yucal, lived on the western bank of the Sacramento. _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., pp. 630, 631.

The _Yubas_ or _Yuvas_ lived on Yuva River, a tributary to the Sacramento. _Fremont's Geog. Memoir_, p. 22.

The _Meidoos_ and _Neeshenams_ are on the Yuba and Feather Rivers. 'As you travel south from Chico the Indians call themselves Meidoo until you reach Bear River; but below that it is Neeshenam, or sometimes mana or maidec, all of which denote men or Indians.' _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. xii., p. 21.

The _Cushnas_ live near the south fork of the Yuba River. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. ii., 506; _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 59. Taylor also mentions the Cushnas south of the Yuba. _Cal. Farmer_, _May 31, 1861_.

[Sidenote: CLEAR LAKE TRIBES.]

The _Guenocks_ and _Locollomillos_ lived between Clear Lake and Napa.

_Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Lopillamillos_ or Lupilomis lived on the borders of Clear lake.

_Ib._; _MS. Map_.

The _Mayacmas_ and _Tyugas_ dwell about Clear Lake. _San Francisco Herald_, _June, 1858_. The Mayacmas and Tyugas 'inhabited the vicinity of Clear lake and the mountains of Napa and Mendocino counties.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _June 22, 1860_; _MS. Map_.

The _Wi-Lackees_ 'live along the western slope of the Shasta mountains from round Valley to Hay Fork, between those mountains on one side and Eel and Mad Rivers on the other, and extending down the latter stream about to Low Gap.' _Powers' Pomo, MS._ The Wye Lakees, Nome Lackees, Noimucks, Noiyucans and Noisas, lived at Clear Lake. _Geiger_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1859, p. 438.

_Napobatin_, meaning 'many houses,' was the collective name of six tribes living at Clear Lake: their names were Hulanapo, Habenapo or stone house, Dahnohabe, or stone mountain, Moalkai, Shekom, and Howk.u.ma.

_Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 109.

The _Shanelkayas_ and _Bedahmareks_, or lower people, live on the east fork of Eel River. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 109.

'The _Sanels_ live at Clear lake.' _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 112. 'The Sanels occupy Russian River Valley in the vicinity of the American village of Sanel.' _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Bochheafs_, _Ubakheas_, _Tabahteas_, and the _Moiyas_, live between Clear Lake and the coast. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 112.

The _Socoas_, _Lamas_, and _Seacos_, occupy Russian River Valley in the vicinity of the village of Sanel. _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Napas_ 'inhabited the Salvador Vallejo ranch of Entre-Napa--that is the place between Napa river and Napa creek.' _Hittell_, in _Hesperian Mag._, vol. iv., p. 56; _Cal. Farmer_, _June 7, 1861_. 'The Napa Indians lived near that town and near Yount's ranch.' _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

'The _Caymus_ tribe occupied the tract now owned by G. C. Yount.'

_Hittell_, in _Hesperian Mag._, vol. iv., p. 55.

'The _Calajomanas_ had their home on the land now known as the Bale ranche.' _Ib._

The _Mayacomas_ dwelt in the vicinity of the hot springs in the upper end of Napa Valley. _Ib._

The _Ulucas_ lived on the east of the river Napa, near the present townsite. _Id._, p. 56.

'The _Suscols_ lived on the ranch of that name, and between Napa and Benicia.' _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_. 'The former domain of the Suscol Indians was afterwards known as Suscol ranch.' _Hittel_, in _Hesperian Mag._, vol. iv., p. 56; _MS. Map_.

The _Tulkays_ lived 'below the town of Napa.' _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Canaumanos_ lived on Bayle's ranch in Napa valley. _Ib._

The _Mutistuls_ live 'between the heads of Napa and Putos creeks.'

_Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 111.

The _Yachimeses_ originally occupied the ground upon which the city of Stockton now stands. _Cal. Farmer_, _Dec. 7, 1860_.

The _Yachichumnes_ 'formerly inhabited the country between Stockton and Mt. Diablo.' _San Francisco Evening Bulletin_, _Sept. 9, 1864_.

The _Suisunes_ live in Suisun valley. _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

Solano County was named from their chief. _Cronise's Nat. Wealth_, p.

22; _Tuthill's Hist. Cal._, p. 301.

The _Ullulatas_ 'lived on the north side of Suisun Valley.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Pulpenes_ lived on the eastern side of Suisun Valley. _Ib._

The _Tolenos_ lived on the north side of Suisun Valley. _Ib._

The _Karquines_ lived on the straits of that name. _Ib._

The _Tomales_, Tamales, Tamallos, or Tamalanos, and Bollanos, lived between Bodega Bay and the north sh.o.r.e of San Francis...o...b..y. _Id._, _March 2, 1860_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Socoisukas_, _Thamiens_, and _Gerguensens_ or Gerzuensens 'roamed in the Santa Clara valley, between the Coyote and Guadalupe rivers, and the country west of San Jose city to the mountains.' _Id._, _June 22, 1860_.

The _Lecatuit_ tribe occupied Marin county, and it is from the name of their chief that the county takes its name. _Cronise's Nat. Wealth_, p.

22.

'The _Petalumas_ or the _Yolhios_ lived near or around that town.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Tulares_, so called by the Spaniards, lived between the northern sh.o.r.e of the bay of San Francisco and San Rafael. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 421.

The _Wapos_ inhabited 'the country about the Geysers.' _Ford_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 257.

The _Yosemites_ inhabited the valley of the same name. The Tosemiteiz are on the headwaters of the Chowchilla. _Lewis_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 399.

The _Ahwahnachees_ are the inhabitants of Yosemite Valley. _Hittel's Yosemite_, p. 42.

[Sidenote: TRIBES NEAR THE MISSION DOLORES.]

The following names of rancherias which formerly existed in the vicinity of the Mission Dolores, are taken from the Mission Books: Abmoctac, Amutaja, Altanui, Aleytac, Anchin, Aleta, Aramay, Altajumo, Aluenchi, Acnagis, a.s.sunta, Atarpe, Anamas, Acyum, Anamon, Cachanegtac, Caprup, Cazopo, Carascan, Conop, Chutchin, Chagunte, Chapugtac, Chipisclin, Chynau, Chipletac, Chuchictac, Chiputca, Chanigtac, Churmutce, Chayen, Chupcan, Elarroyde, Flunmuda, Genau, Guloismistac, Gamchines, Guanlen, Hunctu, Halchis, Horocroc, Huimen, Itaes, Juniamuc, Josquigard, Juchium, Juris, Joquizara, Luidneg, Luianeglua, Lamsim, Livangelva, Livangebra, Libantone, Macsinum, Mitline, Malvaitac, Muingpe, Naig, Naique, Napa, Ompivromo, Ousint, Oturbe, Olestura, Otoacte, Petlenum, or Petaluma, Pruristac, Puichon, Puycone, Patnetac, Pructaca, Purutea, Proqueu, Quet, Sitlintaj, Suchni, Subchiam, Siplichiquin, Siscastac, Ssiti, Sitintajea, Ssupichum, Sicca, Soisehme, Saturaumo, Satumuo, Sittintac, Ssichitca, Sagunte, Ssalayme, Sunchaque, Ssipudca, Saraise, Sipanum, Sarontac, Ssogereate, Sadanes, Tuzsint, Tatquinte, t.i.tmictac, Tupuic, t.i.tiyu, Timita, Timsim, Tubisuste, Timigtac, Torose, Tupuinte, Tuca, Tamalo, or Tomales, Talcan, Totola, Urebure, Uturpe, Ussete, Uchium, Vectaca, Vagerpe, Yelamu, Yacmui, Yacomui, Yajumui, Zomiomi, Zucigin ...

Aguasajuchium, Apuasto, Aguasto, Carquin, (Karquines), Cuchian, Chaclan, Chiguau, Cotejen, Chuscan, Guylpunes, Huchun, Habasto, Junatca, Jarquin, Sanchines, Oljon, Olpen, Olemos, Olmolococ, Quemelentus, Quirogles, Salzon, Sichican, Saucon, Suchigin, Sadan, Uquitinac, Volvon (or Bolbon). 'The tribes of Indians upon the Bay of San Francisco, and who were, after its establishment, under the supervision of the Mission of Dolores, were five in number; the Ahwashtees, Ohlones (called in Spanish Costanos, or Indians of the Coast), Altahmos, Romanons, and Tuolomos.

There were, in addition to these, a few small tribes, but all upon the land extending from the entrance to the head of San Francis...o...b..y, spoke the same language.' _Taylor_, in _Cal. Farmer_, _May 31, 1861_. The tribes mentioned by Adam Johnston in Schoolcraft, who lived around the Missions of Dolores and Yerba Buena, were the 'Ahwashtes, Ohlones, Altahmos, Romanans, and Tulomos. The Ohlones were likely the same called by the old priests, Sulones, Solomnies, the Sonomis were another.'