Latin for Beginners Part 30

<257.>> There are a few adjectives of one ending that have consonant stems. They are declined exactly like nouns with consonant stems.

<258.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 293.

I. _The Romans invade the Enemy's Country._ Olim pedites Romani c.u.m equitibus velocibus in hostium urbem iter faciebant. Ubi non longe afuerunt, rapuerunt agricolam, qui eis viam brevem et facilem demonstravit. Iam Romani moenia alta, turris validas aliaque opera urbis videre poterant. In moenibus stabant multi principes. Principes ubi viderunt Romanos, iusserunt civis lapides aliaque tela de muris iacere.

Tum milites fortes contineri a proelio non poterant et acer imperator signum tuba dari iussit. Summa vi omnes maturaverunt. Imperator s.e.xto legato impedimenta omnia mandavit. s.e.xtus impedimenta in summo colle conlocavit. Grave et acre erat proelium, sed hostes non pares Romanis erant. Alii interfecti, alii capti sunt. Apud captivos erant mater sororque regis. Pauci Romanorum ab hostibus vulnerati sunt. Secundum proelium Romanis erat gratum. Fortuna fortibus semper favet.

II. 1. Some months are short, others are long. 2. To seize the top of the mountain was difficult. 3. Among the hills of Italy are many beautiful springs. 4. The soldiers were sitting where the baggage had been placed because their feet were weary. 5. The city which the soldiers were eager to storm had been fortified by strong walls and high towers. 6. Did not the king intrust a heavy crown of gold and all his money to a faithless slave? Yes, but the slave had never before been faithless.

[Ill.u.s.tration: AQUILA LEGIONIS]

LESSON XLVI

THE FOURTH OR _U_-DECLENSION

[Special Vocabulary]

>, n., _horn, wing_ of an army (cornucopia); >, m., _cavalry_ >, m., _army_ >, m., _attack_ (impetus); >, with acc., _to make an attack on_ >, m., _lake_ >, f., _hand; band, force_ (manual)

>, m., _harbor_ (port)

>, prep, with acc., _behind, after_ (post-mortem)

>, _burn_ (cremate) >, _practice, drill, train_ (exercise)

<259.>> Nouns of the fourth declension are either masculine or neuter.

<260.>> Masculine nouns end in <-us>>, neuters in <-u>>. The genitive ends in <-us>>.

_a._ Feminine by exception are >, _house_; >, _hand_; and a few others.

PARADIGMS

[Transcriber's Note: The "Stems" are missing in the printed book. They have been supplied from the inflectional table in the Appendix.]

>, m., _arrival_ n., _horn_ STEMS > BASES >

SINGULAR TERMINATIONS MASC. NEUT.

_Nom._ adventus cornu -us -u _Gen._ adventus cornus -us -us _Dat._ adventui (u) cornu -ui (u) -u _Acc._ adventum cornu -um -u _Abl._ adventu cornu -u -u

PLURAL _Nom._ adventus cornua -us -ua _Gen._ adventuum cornuum -uum -uum _Dat._ adventibus cornibus -ibus -ibus _Acc._ adventus cornua -us -ua _Abl._ adventibus cornibus -ibus -ibus

1. Observe that the base is found, as in other declensions, by dropping the ending of the genitive singular.

2. >, _lake_, has the ending <-ubus>> in the dative and ablative plural;

>, _harbor_, has either <-ubus>> or <-ibus>>.

3. > is the only neuter that is in common use.

<261.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 293.

I. 1. Ante adventum Caesaris veloces hostium equites acrem impetum in castra fecerunt. 2. Continere exercitum a proelio non facile erat.

3. Post adventum suum Caesar iussit legiones ex castris duci. 4. Pro castris c.u.m hostium equitatu pugnatum est. 5. Post tempus breve equitatus trans flumen fugit ubi castra hostium posita erant. 6. Tum victor imperator agros vastavit et vicos hostium cremavit. 7. Castra autem non oppugnavit quia milites erant defessi et locus difficilis.

8. Hostes non cessaverunt iacere tela, quae paucis nocuerunt. 9. Post adversum proelium principes Gallorum legatos ad Caesarem mittere studebant, sed populo persuadere non poterant.

II. 1. Did you see the man-of-war on the lake? 2. I did not see it (_fem_.) on the lake, but I saw it in the harbor. 3. Because of the strong wind the sailor forbade his brother to sail. 4. Caesar didn't make an attack on the cavalry on the right wing, did he? 5. No, he made an attack on the left wing. 6. Who taught your swift horse to obey?

7. I trained my horse with my (own) hands, nor was the task difficult.

8. He is a beautiful animal and has great strength.

LESSON XLVII

EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE THE DECLENSION OF _DOMUS_

[Special Vocabulary]

Athenae, -arum, f., plur., _Athens_ Corinthus, -i, f., _Corinth_ >, locative >, f., _house, home_ (dome). Cf.

> >, f., _Geneva_ Pompeii, -orum, m., plur., _Pompeii_, a city in Campania. See map

>, prep. with acc., _on account of, because of_ rus, ruris, in the plur. only nom. and acc. >, n., _country_ (rustic) >, n., _back_; >, n., _wound_ (vulnerable)

>, _intrust, commit;_

>, _join battle_ >, _call together, summon_ (convoke) >, _fear; be afraid_ (timid) >, _turn, change_ (convert); >, _to turn the backs_, hence _to retreat_

<262.>> We have become thoroughly familiar with expressions like the following:

> (or >) > > (> or >) > >

From these expressions we may deduce the following rules:

<263.>> RULE.

> is expressed by > with the accusative. This answers the question Whither?_

<264.>> RULE.