Graded Lessons in English Part 19

2. Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalia.

3. The diamond is the most valuable gem.

4. The Greeks took Troy by stratagem.

5. The submarine cable unites the continent of America and the Old World.

6. The Gauls joined the army of Hannibal.

7. Columbus crossed the Atlantic with ninety men, and landed at San Salvador.

8. Vulcan made arms for Achilles.

9. Cromwell gained at Naseby a most decisive victory over the Royalists.

10. Columbus was a native of Genoa.

11. G.o.d tempers the wind to the shorn lamb.

12. The morning hour has gold in its mouth.

13. The mill of the G.o.ds grinds late, but grinds to powder.

14. A young farmer recently bought a yoke of oxen, six cows, and a horse.

15. America has furnished to the world tobacco, the potato, and Indian corn.

LESSON 46.

a.n.a.lYSIS AND PARSING.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Cotton | is raised ===========|=============== | Egypt /'------- in / '

/ X'

/ ' India --/ '-------- '

and'

' United States --------------- the

+Explanation of the Diagram+.--In this diagram the line representing the princ.i.p.al part of the phrase separates into three lines. This shows that the princ.i.p.al part of the phrase is compound. _Egypt_, _India_, and _United States_ are all introduced by the same preposition _in_, and have the same relation to _is raised_.

1. Cotton is raised in Egypt, India, and the United States.

2. The navy of Hiram brought gold from Ophir.

3. The career of Cromwell was short.

4. Most mountain ranges run parallel with the coast.

5. Now swiftly glides the bonny boat.

6. An able but dishonest judge presided.

7. The queen bee lays eggs in cells of three different sizes.

8. Umbrellas were introduced into England from China.

9. The first permanent English settlement in America was made at Jamestown, in 1607.

10. The spirit of true religion is social, kind, and cheerful.

11. The summits of the Alps are covered with perpetual snow.

12. The months of July and August were named after Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar.

13. All the kings of Egypt are called, in Scripture, Pharaoh.

14. The bamboo furnishes to the natives of China, shade, food, houses, weapons, and clothing.

LESSON 47.

SENTENCE-BUILDING.

Supply _attribute complements_ to the following expressions. (See Caution, Lesson 40.)

The marble feels ----. Mary looks ----. The weather continues ----. The apple tastes ----. That lady appears ----. The sky grows ----. The leaves of roses are ----. The undertaking was p.r.o.nounced ----.

Write a subject and a predicate to each of the following nouns taken as _attribute complements_.

+Model+.--_Soldier_.--That old man has been a _soldier_.

Plant, insect, mineral, vegetable, liquid, gas, solid, historian, poet, artist, traveler, emperor.

Using the following nouns as subjects, build sentences each having a simple predicate and two or more _object complements_.

Congress, storm, education, king, tiger, hunter, Arnold, shoemakers, lawyers, merchant.

Build three sentences on each of the following subjects, two of which shall contain _object complements_, and the third, an _attribute complement_.

+Model+.--_Sun_.-- The _sun_ gives _light_.

The _sun_ warms the _earth_.

The _sun_ is a luminous _body_.

Moon, oak, fire, whiskey.

LESSON 48.

SUBJECT OR COMPLEMENT MODIFIED BY A PARTICIPLE.

+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--You have learned, in the preceding Lessons, that a _quality_ may be _a.s.sumed_ as belonging to a thing; as, _white chalk_, or that it may be _a.s.serted_ of it; as, _Chalk is white_. An _action_, also, may be _a.s.sumed_ as belonging to something; as, _Peter turning_, or it may be _a.s.serted;_ as, Peter _turned_. In the expression, _Peter, turning, said_, what word expresses an action as _a.s.sumed_, and which _a.s.serts_ an action? Each pupil may give an example of an action a.s.serted and of an action a.s.sumed; as, Corn _grows_, corn _growing_; geese _gabble_; geese _gabbling_.

This form of the verb, which merely _a.s.sumes_ the act, being, or state, is called the +Participle+.

When the words _growing_ and _gabbling_ are placed before the nouns, thus: _growing corn, gabbling geese_, they tell simply the kind of corn and the kind of geese, and are therefore _adjectives_.

When _the_ or some other adjective is placed before these words, and a preposition after them, thus: _The growing of the corn, the gabbling of the geese_, they are simply the _names_ of actions, and are therefore _nouns_.

Let each pupil give an example of a verb a.s.serting an action, and change it to express:--

1st, An _a.s.sumed_ action; 2d, A permanent _quality;_ 3d, The _name_ of an action.

_Participles_ may be completed by _objects_ and _attributes_.

+a.n.a.lysis and Parsing+.