The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 47

The Chemehuevis are a band of Pah-Utahs. _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 76. The Chimehuevais live about forty miles below the Colorado River agency, on the California side of the river, and are scattered over an area of fifty square miles. _Tonner_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1872, p. 323. The Chemehuewas are 'located mainly on the west bank of the Colorado, above La Paz, and ranges along the river from about thirty miles south of Fort Mohave, to a point fifty miles north of Fort Yuma, to the eastward, but a short distance.' _Sherman_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 216. The Chemehuevis live on the Colorado river, above the Bill Williams fork, a small tribe and quite unknown. _Poston_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1863, p.

387. The Chemehuevis are 'a band of Pahutahs, ... belonging to the great Shoshonee family.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 35. 'The Chimchinves are undoubtedly a branch of the Pah Ute tribe.' _Stanley_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1866, p. 102.

[Sidenote: PI UTES AND GOSH UTES.]

The _Pi Utes_, or Pyutes, 'inhabit Western Utah, from Oregon to New Mexico; their locations being generally in the vicinity of the princ.i.p.al rivers and lakes of the Great Basin, viz., Humboldt, Carson, Walker, Truckee, Owens's, Pyramid, and Mono.' _Simpson's Route to Cal._, p. 48.

'The tribe of Indians who inhabit this section (near Fort Churchill) of which the post forms the centre comes under the one generic name of Piute, and acknowledge as their great chief Winnemucca. They are split up into small Captaincies and scattered throughout a vast extent of territory.' _Farley_, in _San Francisco Medical Press_, vol. iii., p.

154. The Piutes or Paiuches inhabit 'the northern banks of the Colorado, the region of Severe river, and those portions of the Timpanigos desert where man can find a snail to eat.' _Farnham's Life in Cal._, p. 371.

The Piutes live 'along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, from the mouth of the Virgen with the Colorado (in about Lat. 36 Long. 115) to the territories of the Washoes north, and as far east as the Sevier Lake.' _Taylor_, in _Cal. Farmer_, _June 22, 1860_. 'Von 34 nordwarts die Pai Utes.' _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, vol. i., p.

430. The territory occupied by the Piutes 'is about one hundred miles broad, and is bounded on the north by the country of the Bannocks, on the east by that of the Shoshones, on the south by the State line between Nevada and California and on the west by the territory of the Washoes.' _Parker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1866, p. 115. The Piutes inhabit 'a country two hundred miles long by one hundred and twenty broad, lying parallel and east of that of the Washoes.... South of Walker lake are the Mono Pi Utes.... They are closely allied to the Walker River or Ocki Pi Utes ... located in the vicinity of Walker river and lake and Carson river and Upper lake.... At the lower Carson lake are the Toy Pi Utes.' _Campbell_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1866, p. 119.

'Upon the Colorado river, in the northern part of the Territory lives a band, or some bands, of Pi Utes, occupying both sides of the river, roaming to the limit of Arizona on the west, but on the east, for some miles, how far cannot be determined.' _Whittier_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1868, p. 140. The Pi Ute 'range extends north to the Beaver, south to Fort Mojave, east to the Little Colorado and San Francisco Mountains, and on the west through the southern part of Nevada as far as the California line ... the larger portion living in Nevada.' _Fenton_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 203. The Pi Utes inhabit the south-west portion of Utah. _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142.

'The Pi Ute Indians are scattered over a large extent of country in Southeastern Nevada and Southwestern Utah.' _Powell_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1871, p. 562. The Pi Utes inhabit the south-eastern part of Nevada. _Walker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1872, p. 59.

The _Gosh Utes_ inhabit the country west of Great Salt Lake, and extend to the Pah Utes. They are said by most writers to be of mixed breed, between the Snakes, or Shoshones proper, and the Utahs: 'The Goshautes live about forty miles west' of Salt Lake City. _Forney_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1858, p. 212. The Goships, or Gosha Utes, range west of Salt Lake. _Cooley_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 17. The Goships 'range between the Great Salt Lake and the land of the western Shoshones.'

_Head_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1866, p. 123. The Goship Shoshones 'live in the western part of Utah, between Great Salt Lake and the western boundary of the Territory,' (Utah). _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1869, p. 230. The Goshutes are located 'in the country in the vicinity of Egan Canon.... In the Shoshone range.' _Douglas_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 96. 'The Goship Shoshones inhabit that part of Utah which lies between Great Salt Lake and the western boundary of the Territory (Utah).' _Tourtellotte_, in _Id._, p. 141. The Goshoots 'Dr.

Hurt cla.s.ses among the Shoshones; but according to Mr. G. W. Bean, Capt. Simpson's Guide in the fall of 1858 ... they are the offspring of a disaffected portion of the Ute tribe, that left their nation, about two generations ago, under their leader or Chief Goship, whence their name Goship Utes since contracted into Goshutes.... Reside princ.i.p.ally in the gra.s.sy valleys west of Great Salt Lake, along and in the vicinity of Capt. Simpson's routes, as far as the Ungoweah Range.' _Simpson's Route to Cal._, pp. 47-8. The Gosh Yutas, 'a body of sixty under a peaceful leader were settled permanently on the Indian Farm at Deep Creek, and the remainder wandered 40 to 200 miles west of Gt. S. L.

City.' _Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 577.

The _Toquimas_ live about the head of Reese River Valley, and in the country to the east of that point. _Taylor_, in _Cal. Farmer_, _June 26, 1863_.

The _Temoksees_ live about thirty miles south of Jacobsville. _Cal.

Farmer_, _June 26, 1863._

The _Pah Vants_ 'occupy the Corn Creek, Paravan, and Beaver Valleys, and the valley of Sevier.' _Simpson's Route to Cal._, p. 45. Half the Pavants 'are settled on the Indian farm at Corn Creek; the other wing of the tribe lives along Sevier Lake, and the surrounding country in the north-east extremity of Filmore Valley, fifty miles from the City, where they join the Gosh Yuta.' _Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 577.

Although Mr Burton gives this as the fruit of his own observation, it is evidently taken from _Forney's Rept._, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1859, p.

364, which reads as follows: 'About half of them (the Pahvants) have their home on the Corn Creek Indian farm. The other wing of the tribe lives along Sevier lake and surrounding country, in the northeast extremity of Fillmore valley, and about fifty miles from Fillmore city.'

The Pah Vants range 'through Pah-Vant and Sevier valleys, and west to the White Mountains.' _Cooley_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 17. 'The Pahvents occupy the territory in the vicinity of Corn Creek reservation, and south of the Goship Shoshones.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1869, p. 230. 'The Pah Vant Indians inhabit the country south of the Goship Shoshones.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p.

142.

The _Pi Edes_ 'are a band ranging through Beaver and Little Salt Lake Valley, and on the Virgin and Santa Clara rivers, down to the Muddy, embracing the whole southern portion of Utah Territory.' _Irish_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 145. 'The Py Edes live adjoining the Pahvants, down to the Santa Clara.' _Simpson's Route to Cal._, p. 45.

'The Pi Ede Indians inhabit the country south of the Pah Vants.'

_Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142. 'The Piede Indians inhabit the extreme southern portion of the territory (Utah) on the Santa Clara and Muddy rivers.' _Armstrong_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 234. The Piede Indians live on Rio Virgin and Santa Clara river.

_Carvalho's Incid. of Trav._, p. 223.

[Sidenote: WASHOES AND SAMPITCHES.]

The _Washoes_ 'inhabit the country along the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, from Honey lake on the north to the west fork of Walker's river the south.' _Dodge_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1859, p. 374.

_Simpson's Route to Cal._, on p. 45, and _Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 578, repeat this. The Washoes 'are stated to have boundaries as high up as the Oregon line, along the eastern flanks of the Sierra Nevada, as far to the east as two hundred miles and to the south to Walker's river.' _Cal. Farmer_, _June 22, 1860_. The Washoes live in the extreme western part of Nevada. _Parker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1866, p. 115.

'Commencing at the western boundary of the State, we have first the Washoe tribe, ... occupying a tract of country one hundred miles long, north and south, by twenty-five in width.' _Campbell_, in _Id._, p. 119.

The Washoes 'live along Lake Bigler and the headwaters of Carson, Walker, and Truckee rivers, and in Long and Sierra Valleys.' _Wa.s.son_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1861, p. 114. The _Washoes_ 'are scattered over a large extent of country along the western border of the State' of Nevada. _Parker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 18. The Washoes 'frequent the settled portions of the State, princ.i.p.ally the towns of Virginia City, Carson City, Reno, Washoe City, and Genoa. In summer they betake themselves to the mountains in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe and Hope Valley.' _Douglas_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 96.

The _Sampitches_ 'range through the Sanpitch valley and creek on the Sevier river.' _Irish_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 145. 'The Sampiches are a tribe wandering on the desert to the south of Youta Lake.' _Prichard's Researches_, vol. v., p. 430. Burton mentions 'Sampichyas' settled at San Pete. _City of the Saints_, p. 578. The San Pitches 'live in the San Pitch valley and along the Sevier river.'

_Cooley_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 18. 'The San Pitches occupy a territory south and east of the Timpanagos.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1869. p. 230. 'The San Pitch Indians inhabit the country about the San Pete reservation.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142. 'Les Sampectches, les Pagouts et les Ampayouts sont les plus proches voisins des Serpents.' _De Smet_, _Voy._, p. 28.

The _Uinta Utes_ 'claim Uinta valley and the country along Green river.'

_Forney_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1859, p. 364. The Uinta Yutas live 'in the mountains south of Fort Bridger, and in the country along Green River.' _Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 577.

The _Yam Pah Utes_ 'inhabit the country south of the Uinta Valley reservation.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142; _Id._, 1869, p. 231.

The _Elk Mountain Utes_ live in the south-eastern portion of Utah.

_Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142; _Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 578. repeats.

The _Tosawees_ or White Knives, or as they are sometimes called Shoshoteos or Foot-men, on the Humboldt and Goose Creek. _Stuart's Montana_, p. 80. 'The Tosawitches, or White Knives, inhabit the region along the Humboldt River.' _Simpson's Shortest Route_, p. 47. The Indians about Stony Point are called Tosawwitches (white knives).

_Hurt_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856.

The _Weber Utes_ 'live in the valley of Salt Lake.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 230, also in _Id._, 1870, p. 141. The Weber Utes live in the vicinity of Salt Lake City. _Walker_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1872, p. 56. The Weber River Yutas are princ.i.p.ally seen in Great Salt Lake City. Their chief settlement is forty miles to the north.

_Burton's City of the Saints_, p. 578.

The _c.u.m Umbahs_ 'are mixed-bloods of the Utes and Shoshonees, and range in the region of Salt lake, Weber and Ogden valleys in northern Utah.'

_Irish_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 144.

The _Wimmenuches_ are 'a tribe of the Ute Indians, whose country is princ.i.p.ally from Tierra Amarilla northward to Ellos de los Animas and thence also to the Rio Grande. They mix with the Pi Utes in Utah.'

_Davis_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 255. The Wemenuche Utes 'roam and hunt west of the San Juan River, and their lodges are to be found along the banks of the Rio de las Animas, Rio de la Plata and Rio Mancos.' _Hanson_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 155. The Weminuche Utes live near the San Juan river. _Armstrong_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1872, p. 307.

The _Capote Utes_ 'roam from within five to fifty miles of the agency, but the greater part of the time live in the vicinity of Tierra Amarilla, from five to ten miles distant, north and south along the Rio Charmer.' _Hanson_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 154; _Armstrong_, in _Id._, 1870, p. 307.

'The _Sheberetches_ inhabit the country south of the Yam Pah Utes.'

_Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142.

The _Fish Utes_ 'inhabit the country about Red Lake, south of the Sheberetches.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142.

The _Tash Utes_ live near the Navajos. _Burton's City of the Saints_, p.

578.

The _Tabechya_, or Sun-hunters, 'live about Tete de Biche, near Spanish lands.' 'Timpenaguchya, or Timpana Yuta, corrupted into Tenpenny Utes, ... dwell about the kanyon of that name, and on the east of the Sweet.w.a.ter Lake.' _Burton's City of the Saints_, pp. 577-8. 'The Timpanoge Indians formerly resided at and about Spanish Fort reservation, but they are now scattered among other bands and do not now exist as a separate tribe.' _Tourtellotte_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 142; see also _Id._, 1869, p. 230. The Timpanogs inhabit 'Utah valley, and the neighboring mountains.' _Cooley_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1865, p. 17.

FOOTNOTES:

[423] 'Sometimes there is a tribal name for all who speak the same language; sometimes none, and only names for separate villages; sometimes a name for a whole tribe or family, to which is prefixed a separate word for each dialect, which is generally co-extensive with some valley. Of the first, an instance is found in the Cahrocs, on the Klamath, who are a compact tribe, with no dialects; of the second, in the large tribe on the lower Klamath, who have also no dialects, and yet have no name, except for each village; of the third, in the great family of the Pomos on Russian river, who have many dialects, and a name for each,--as Ballo Ki Pomos, Cahto Pomos, etc.... Some remnants of tribes have three or four names, all in use within a radius of that number of miles; some, again, are merged, or dovetailed, into others; and some never had a name taken from their own language, but have adopted that given them by a neighbor tribe, altogether different in speech.'

_Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. viii., p. 328.

[424] The natives 'when asked to what tribe they belong, give the name of their chief, which is misunderstood by the inquirer to be that of the tribe itself.' _Bartlett's Nar._, vol. ii., p. 30.

[425] 'Every fifteen or twenty miles of country seems to have been occupied by a number of small lodges or septs, speaking a different language or very divergent dialect.' _Taylor_, in _Bancroft's Hand-book Almanac_, 1864, p. 29. Beechey counted eleven different dialects in the mission of San Carlos. _Voyage_, vol. ii., p. 73. 'Almost every 15 or 20 leagues, you find a distinct dialect; so different, that in no way does one resemble the other.' _Boscana_, in _Robinson's Life in Cal._, p.

240. 'From the San Joaquin northward to the Klamath there are some hundreds of small tribes.' _Henley_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 304.

[426] Hale calls them the _Lutuami_, or _Tlamatl_, and adds, 'the first of these names is the proper designation of the people in their own language. The second is that by which they are known to the Chinooks, and through them, to the whites.' _Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol.

vi., p. 218.

[427] 'There true name is _Moudoc_--a word which originated with the Shasteecas, who applied it indefinitely to all wild Indians or enemies.'