The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 52

1. V. Cracca, L. Downy-p.u.b.escent; _leaflets 20--24, oblong-lanceolate, strongly mucronate; spikes densely many-flowered_, 1-sided; flowers blue, turning purple, 6" long, reflexed; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.--Borders of thickets, Newf. to N. J., west to Ky., Iowa, and Minn.

(Eu.)

2. V. Caroliniana, Walt. Nearly smooth; _leaflets 8--24, oblong, obtuse, scarcely mucronate; peduncles loosely-flowered_; flowers small, more scattered than in the preceding, whitish, the keel tipped with blue; calyx-teeth very short.--River-banks, Ont. and N. Y. to Ga., west to Minn. and Kan.

3. V. Americana, Muhl. Glabrous; _leaflets 10--14, elliptical or ovate-oblong_, very obtuse, many-veined; _peduncles 4--8-flowered_; flowers purplish (8" long).--Moist soil, N. Y. and N. J., to Kan., Minn., and westward.--Var. LINEaRIS, Watson, a low form with linear leaflets, occurs in Kan. and Neb., and is common westward.

31. LaTHYRUS, Tourn. VETCHLING. EVERLASTING PEA.

Style flattish, dilated and flattish (not grooved) above, hairy along the inner side (next the free stamen). Sheath of the filaments scarcely oblique at the apex. Otherwise nearly as in Vicia.--Our species are perennial and mostly smooth plants, the rhachis of the leaves in some not produced into a tendril. (???????, a leguminous plant of Theophrastus.)

[*] _Tendrils present; stipules large and broad; leaflets 3--5 pairs._

1. L. maritimus, Bigelow. (BEACH PEA.) Stout (1 high or more); _stipules broadly ovate and halberd-shaped, nearly as large as the leaflets_, the lower lobe larger and usually coa.r.s.ely toothed; leaflets _thick_, ovate-oblong (1--2' long); peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, 6--10-flowered, _flowers large_ (9" long), _purple_.--Seash.o.r.e from N. J. and Oregon to the Arctic Sea; also on the Great Lakes. (Eu.)

2. L. ochroleucus, Hook. Stem slender (1--3 high); _stipules semi-cordate, half as large as the thin ovate leaflets_; peduncles 7--10-flowered; _flowers smaller, yellowish-white_.--Hillsides, N. Eng.

to Minn., Iowa, and westward.

[*][*] _Tendrils present; stipules narrow, semi-sagittate, ac.u.minate._

[+] _Flowers purple; leaflets several pairs._

3. L. vensus, Muhl. _Stout_, climbing, usually somewhat downy; stipules very small and mostly slender; _leaflets 4--6 pairs, oblong ovate_, mostly obtuse (about 2' long); _peduncles many-flowered_; flowers 6--8"

long.--Shady banks, Penn. to Ga., west to Kan. and Minn.

4. L. pal.u.s.tris, L. _Slender_, glabrous or somewhat p.u.b.escent; stem often winged; stipules lanceolate, sharp-pointed at both ends; _leaflets 2--4 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, acute_ (1--2' long); _peduncles 2--6-flowered_; flowers 6" long.--Moist places, N. Scotia to N. J., and westward across the continent. (Eu.)

Var. myrtiflius, Gray. Stipules usually broader and larger; leaflets ovate to oblong (1' long or less).--Same range, and extending south to N. C.

[+][+] _Flowers yellow; leaflets a single pair._

L. PRATeNSIS, L. Low and straggling; leaflets narrowly lanceolate to linear, acute; peduncles several-flowered.--Spontaneous in Ma.s.s., N. Y., and Ont. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Tendrils usually wanting; low, mostly erect; stipules semi-sagittate; flowers very large, purple; pod stipitate in the calyx._

5. L. polymorphus, Nutt. Leaflets 3--6 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, thick and strongly nerved, 1--2' long; seeds with a narrow footstalk and short hilum.--Mo., Kan., and westward.

6. L. ornatus, Nutt. Like the last, but leaflets always narrow, 3--12"

long; seeds with a very broad footstalk and long hilum.--Kan. to Col.

and Dak. Scarcely 1 high.

32. aPIOS, Boerhaave. GROUND-NUT. WILD BEAN.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the 2 lateral teeth being nearly obsolete, the upper very short, the lower one longest. Standard very broad, reflexed; the long scythe-shaped keel strongly incurved, at length coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Pod straight or slightly curved, linear, elongated, thickish, many-seeded.--A perennial herb (with some milky juice!), twining and climbing over bushes, and bearing edible tubers on underground shoots. Leaflets 3--7, ovate-lanceolate, obscurely stipellate. Flowers in dense and short, often branching racemes. (Name from ?p???, _a pear_, from the shape of the tubers.)

1. A. tubersa, Moench. Flowers brown-purple or chocolate-color, violet-scented.--Low grounds, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., Kan., and La.

33. PHASeOLUS, Tourn. KIDNEY BEAN.

Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft, the two upper teeth often higher united.

Keel of the corolla, with the included stamens and style, spirally coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Style bearded along the upper side; stigma oblique or lateral. Pod scythe-shaped, several--many-seeded, tipped with the hardened base of the style. Seeds round-reniform, with very short hilum. Cotyledons thick and fleshy, rising out of the ground nearly unchanged in germination.--Twining herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers racemose, produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient name of the Kidney Bean.)

1. P. perennis, Walt. (WILD BEAN.) Stem climbing high from a perennial root; leaflets roundish-ovate, short-pointed; flowers purple, handsome, but small; pods drooping, strongly curved, 4--5-seeded.--Copses, N. Eng.

to Fla., west to Minn. and La.

34. STROPHOST?LES, Ell.

Keel of the corolla with the included stamens and style elongated, strongly incurved, not spirally coiled. Pod linear, terete or flattish, straight or nearly so. Seeds quadrate or oblong with truncate ends, mealy-p.u.b.escent or glabrate; hilum linear. Flowers few, sessile and capitate cl.u.s.tered on the mostly long peduncles. Otherwise as Phaseolus.--Stems prostrate or climbing, more or less retrorsely hairy.

Stipules and bracts striate. (Name from st??f?, _a turning_, and st????, _a style_.)

1. S. angulsa, Ell. _Annual_; stems branched, 1--6 long; leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate (rarely linear-oblong), _with a more or less prominent rounded lobe toward the base (the terminal 2-lobed)_, or some or all often entire, about 1' (6--20") long; corolla greenish-white and purplish; pod terete, 2--3' long by 3" wide, 4--8-seeded, nearly glabrous; _seeds oblong, about 3" long_, usually very p.u.b.escent.

(Phaseolus diversifolius, _Pers._ P. helvolus, _L._)--Sandy sh.o.r.es and river-banks; coast of Ma.s.s. and southward, along the Great Lakes to Minn., and south to Kan. and Tex.

Var. Missouriensis, Watson in herb. Climbing high (10--30); leaves often 3' long, rhombic-ovate, rarely at all lobed; seeds 3--4"

long.--River-bottoms near Independence, Mo.; nearly two months later.

(_F. Bush._)

2. S. peduncularis, Ell. Stems _more slender_, from a _perennial_ rootstock, 2--4 long; leaflets ovate to oblong-linear, _rarely at all lobed_, 1' long or less; pod 1--2' long and _scarcely 2" wide_; seeds _much smaller_, 1--2" long, short-oblong to quadrate. (Phaseolus helvolus, _Man._, etc., not _L._)--Sandy ground, Long Island and N. J.

to Fla., west to S. Ind., Ky., and La.

3. S. pauciflrus, Watson in herb. _Annual_, slender, low-climbing, p.u.b.escent; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong to linear, not lobed, 1' long; pod p.u.b.escent, 1' long, flattish; seeds as in the last, very finely mealy, soon glabrate. (Phaseolus pauciflorus, _Benth._)--River-banks, Ind. to Minn., south to Miss. and Tex.

35. CENTROSeMA, DC. SPURRED b.u.t.tERFLY-PEA.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Corolla, etc., much as in c.l.i.toria, but the spreading standard with a spur-shaped projection on the back near the base; keel broad. Style bearded at the apex around the terminal stigma.

Pod long and linear, flat, pointed with the awl-shaped style, many-seeded, thickened at the edges, the valves marked with a raised line on each side next the margin.--Twining perennials, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and large showy flowers. Stipules, bracts, and bractlets striate, the latter longer than the calyx. (Name from ???t???, _a spur_, and s?a, _a standard_.)

1. C. Virginianum, Benth. Rather rough with minute hairs; leaflets varying from oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear, very veiny, shining; peduncles 1--4-flowered; calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped; corolla violet, 1' long; pods straight, 4--5' long.--Sandy woods, Md. to Fla. and Ark.

(Trop. Am.)

36. c.l.i.tRIA, L. b.u.t.tERFLY-PEA.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Standard much larger than the rest of the flower, erect, rounded, notched at the top, not spurred on the back; keel small, shorter than the wings, incurved, acute. Stamens monadelphous below. Style bearded down the inner face. Pod linear-oblong, flattish, knotty, several-seeded, pointed with the base of the style.--Erect or twining perennials, with mostly pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and very large flowers. Peduncles 1--3-flowered; bractlets opposite, striate. (Derivation recondite.)

1. C. Mariana, L. Low, ascending or twining, smooth; leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; stipules and bracts awl-shaped; peduncles short; the showy pale-blue flowers 2' long.--Dry banks, N. Y.

to Va. and Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

37. AMPHICARPae'A, Ell. HOG PEA-NUT.

Flowers of 2 kinds; those of the racemes from the upper branches perfect, but seldom ripening fruit; those near the base and on filiform creeping branches with the corolla none or rudimentary, and few free stamens, but fruitful. Calyx about equally 4- (rarely 5-) toothed; bractlets none or minute. Keel and wing-petals similar, almost straight; the standard partly folded round them. Stamens diadelphous. Style beardless. Pods of the upper flowers, when formed, somewhat scymetar-shaped, stipitate, 3--4-seeded; of the lower ones commonly subterranean and fleshy, obovate or pear-shaped, ripening usually but one large seed.--Low and slender perennials; the twining stems clothed with brownish hairs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets rhombic-ovate, stipellate. Flowers in simple or compound racemes, purplish. Bracts persistent, round, partly clasping, striate, as well as the stipules. (Name from ?f?, _both_, and ?a?p??, _fruit_, in allusion to the two kinds of pods.)

1. A. monica, Nutt. Leaflets thin, --2' long; racemes nodding; calyx of upper flowers 2" long, the ovary glabrous except the hairy margin; pod 1' long; ovary and pod of the rudimentary flowers hairy.--Rich damp woodlands, common. Aug., Sept.