The Invention of the Sewing Machine Part 18

THREE THREADS

29. Two shuttles, each locking alternate loops.

30. Double loop with interlocking third thread.

31. Two shuttle threads, both locking each loop.

32. Two shuttle threads intertwining and locking each loop.

33. Single thread; loop of needle thread drawn up over the edge and locked by needle at its next descent.

34. Two threads; loops of needle thread, above and below, extend to the edge of the fabric, and are locked by shuttle thread.

35. Two threads; needle penetrates back from edge, its loop pa.s.sed to and interlocked by the needle at its next descent over the edge, and this second needle-loop locked by shuttle thread.

36. Two threads; shuttle thread drawn up over the edge of the fabric to the line of the needle thread.

37. Two threads; needle loop through the fabric locked by needle loop over the edge and second loop locked by second thread.

38. Two threads; edge of fabric covered by shuttle thread.

39. Three threads; third thread laid around the st.i.tch at the edge of the fabric.

ORNAMENTAL St.i.tCHES

40. Zigzag; single thread chainst.i.tch (4).

41. Zigzag; two-thread lockst.i.tch (19).

42. Zigzag; two-thread chainst.i.tch (13).

43. Zigzag; chain st.i.tch with interlocking thread (14).

44. Zigzag; double loop with interlocking third thread (30).

45. Zigzag; running st.i.tch (1).

46. Zigzag; two needles and shuttle.

47. Zigzag; variation of 46.

48-52. Zigzag st.i.tches for sewing straw braid.

53-62. Straight straw-braid st.i.tches.

63-67. Special embroidery st.i.tches.

68. Saddler's st.i.tch.]

In the _Sewing Machine News_, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 12 (1881), there were listed a number of then "defunct" machines and companies. Among these are many well-known names and little-known names for which at least one additional reference can be found. There are some, however, for which this is the only reference to date. These are: Blanchard, Babc.o.c.k, Banner, Brown Rotary, Cottage, Cole, Duplex, Economist, Erie, Gutman, Hill, Hanc.o.c.k & Bennett, Jenks, Lockmar, La Favorite, Learned, Leggett, McCoy, McCardy, Medallion, McArthur & Co., Monopoly, Moreau, Mack, Niagra, New Cannaan, Orphean, Pride-of-the-West, Seamen & Guiness, Surprise, Stackpole, Shanks, Stanford, Troy, Utica, United States Family, Weaver, Wagner, and Williams. Some of these names may have been a "special" name given to machines manufactured by one of the known companies, but at least a few are names of machines manufactured for a very short time prior to 1881 about which we would like to know more.

III. Chronological List of U.S. Sewing-Machine Patent Models in the Smithsonian Collections

There are more than seven hundred sewing-machine patent models and a similar number of attachment models in the Smithsonian collections. Most of these machines were received in 1926 when the Patent Office disposed of its collection of hundreds of thousands of models. Prior to 1880, models had been required with the patent application; although the requirement was discontinued that year, patentees continued to furnish models for another decade or so. All models prior to 1836 were lost in a Patent Office fire of that year, but since the sewing-machine patent history dates from the 1840s, most of the historically important ones of this subject have been preserved.

These models form a valuable part of the record of the invention, supplementing the drawings and the text of the written specifications.

The early sewing-machine models were made to order, either by the inventor or a commissioned model maker. As soon as sewing machines were produced commercially, it was less expensive for the patentee to use a commercial machine of the period, to which he added his change or improvement, than to have a complete model constructed to order. Some of the commercial machines used in this way are the only examples known to be in existence, and as such, are of more interest in establishing the history of the manufactured machine than for the minor patented changes.

During the period of the "Sewing Machine Combination," many patentees attempted to invent and patent "the different machine." This was either a radical change in style or an attempt to produce a far less-expensive type of machine. These machines were not always put into commercial production, but the patent models give an indication of the extent to which some inventors went to simplify or vary the mechanics of machine sewing.

The following is a list of those sewing-machine patent models in the Smithsonian Inst.i.tution collections:

_Patentee_ |_Date_ |_Patent Number_ | | Greenough, John J. |Feb. 21, 1842 |2,466 Bean, Benjamin W. |March 4, 1843 |2,982 Corliss, George H. |Dec. 27, 1843 |3,389 Howe, Elias, Jr. |Sept. 10, 1846 |4,750 Bachelder, John |May 8, 1849 |6,439 Wilson, Allen B. |Nov. 12, 1850 |7,776 Robinson, Frederick R. |Dec. 10, 1850 |7,824 Grover & Baker |Feb. 11, 1851 |7,931 Singer, Isaac M. |Aug. 12, 1851 |8,294 Wilson, Allen B. |Aug. 12, 1851 |8,296 Wilson, Allen B. |June 15, 1852 |9,041 Miller, Charles |July 20, 1852 |9,139 Avery, Otis |Oct. 19, 1852 |9,338 Hodgkins, G. |Nov. 2, 1852 |9,365 Bradeen, J. G. |Nov. 2, 1852 |9,380 Bates, W. G. |Feb. 22, 1853 |9,592 Thompson, T. C. |March 29, 1853 |9,641 Wickersham, W. |April 19, 1853 |9,679 Johnson, W. H. |March 7, 1854 |10,597 Harrison, J., Jr. |April 11, 1854 |10,763 Avery, Otis |May 9, 1854 |10,880 Singer, Isaac |May 30, 1854 |10,975 Hunt, Walter |June 27, 1854 |11,161 Roper, S. H. |Aug. 15, 1854 |11,531 Shaw, P. |Sept. 12, 1854 |11,680 Ambler, D. C. |Nov. 1, 1854 |11,884 Robertson, T. J. W. |Nov. 28, 1854 |12,015 Lyon, W. |Dec. 12, 1854 |12,066 Stedman, G. W. |Dec. 12, 1854 |12,074 Ward, D. T. |Jan. 2, 1855 |12,146 Conant, J. S. |Jan. 16, 1855 |12,233 Smith, H. B. |Jan. 16, 1855 |12,247 Singer, I. M. |Feb. 6, 1855 |12,364 Stedman, G. W. |March 20, 1855 |12,573 Stedman, G. W. |May 1, 1855 |12,798 Chilcott, J., and Scrimgeour, J. |March 15, 1855 |12,856 Durgin, Charles A. |May 22, 1855 |12,902 Bond, J., Jr. |May 22, 1855 |12,939 Singer, Isaac |June 12, 1855 |13,065 Harrison, J., Jr. |Oct. 2, 1855 |13,616 Singer, I. M. |Oct. 9, 1855 |13,661 Singer, I. M. |Oct. 9, 1855 |13,662 Langdon, L. W. |Oct. 30, 1855 |13,727 Stedman, G. W. |Nov. 27, 1855 |13,856 Swingle, A. |Feb. 5, 1856 |14,207 Watson, Wm. C. |March 11, 1856 |14,433 Singer, I. M. |March 18, 1856 |14,475 Grover, W. O. |May 27, 1856 |14,956 Blodgett, S. C. |Aug. 5, 1856 |15,469 Roper, S. H. |Nov. 4, 1856 |16,026 Singer, Isaac M. |Nov. 4, 1856 |16,030 Gibbs, James E. A. |Dec. 16, 1856 |16,234 Jennings, L. |Dec. 16, 1856 |16,237 Johnson, A. F. |Jan. 13, 1857 |16,387 Gibbs, J. E. A. |Jan. 20, 1857 |16,434 Howe, Elias, Jr. |Jan. 20, 1857 |16,436 Alexander, Elisa |Feb. 3, 1857 |16,518 Gray, Joshua |Feb. 3, 1857 |16,566 Belcher, C. D. |March 3, 1857 |16,710 Pratt, S. F. |March 3, 1857 |16,745 Nettleton & Raymond |April 14, 1857 |17,049 Gibbs, J. E. A. |June 2, 1857 |17,427 Harris, Daniel |June 9, 1857 |17,508 Harris, Daniel |June 16, 1857 |17,571 Sage, William |June 30, 1857 |17,717 Lathbury, E. T. |July 7, 1857 |17,744 Wickersham, W. |Aug. 25, 1857 |18,068 Wickersham, W. |Aug. 25, 1857 |18,069 Behn, Henry |Aug. 25, 1857 |18,071 Nettleton, Wm. H., and |Oct. 6, 1857 |18,350 Raymond, Charles | | Roper, S. H. |Oct. 27, 1857 |18,522 Fetter, George |Dec. 1, 1857 |18,793 Watson, W. C. |Dec. 8, 1857 |18,834 Behn, H. |Dec. 15, 1857 |18,880 Hubbard, George W. |Dec. 22, 1857 |18,904 Lazelle, W. H. |Dec. 22, 1857 |18,915 Clark, David W. |Jan. 5, 1858 |19,015 Fetter, George |Jan. 5, 1858 |19,059 Clark, David W. |Jan. 12, 1858 |19,072 Clark, David W. |Jan. 19, 1858 |19,129 Dimmock, Martial, and |Jan. 19, 1858 |19,135 Rixford, Nathan | | Boyd, A. H. |Jan. 19, 1858 |19,171 Angell, Benjamin J. |Feb. 9, 1858 |19,285 Clark, David W. |Feb. 23, 1858 |19,409 Raymond, Charles |March 9, 1858 |19,612 Hendrick, Joseph E. |March 16, 1858 |19,660 Parker, Sidney |March 16, 1858 |19,662 Gray, Joshua |March 16, 1858 |19,665 Coates, F. S. |March 23, 1858 |19,684 Clark, David W. |March 23, 1858 |19,732 Reynolds, O. S. |March 30, 1858 |19,793 Bartholf, Abraham |April 6, 1858 |19,823 Savage, E. |April 6, 1858 |19,876 Atwood, J. E., J. C., and O. |April 13, 1858 |19,903 Bosworth, Chas. F. |April 20, 1858 |19,979 Clark, David W. |June 8, 1858 |20,481 Herron, A. C. |June 15, 1858 |20,557 Johnson, A. F. |June 22, 1858 |20,686 Barnes, W. T. |June 29, 1858 |20,688 Smith, E. H. |June 29, 1858 |20,739 West, H. B., and |June 29, 1858 |20,753 Willson, H. F. | | Miller, W. |June 29, 1858 |20,763 Blake, Lyman R. |July 6, 1858 |20,775 Carpenter, Lunan |July 27, 1858 |20,990 Moore, Charles |July 27, 1858 |21,015 Smith, E. H. |Aug. 3, 1858 |21,089 Wheeler and Carpenter |Aug. 3, 1858 |21,100 Gibbs, J. E. A. |Aug. 10, 1858 |21,129 Uhlinger, W. P. |Aug. 17, 1858 |21,224 Clark, David W. |Aug. 31, 1858 |21,322 Blodgett, S. C. |Sept. 7, 1858 |21,465 Hubbard, G. W. |Sept. 14, 1858 |21,537 Hendrick, J. E. |Oct. 5, 1858 |21,722 Gibbs, J. E. A. |Oct. 12, 1858 |21,751 Sangster, Amos. W. |Oct. 26, 1858 |21,929 Avery, O. and Z. W. |Nov. 9, 1858 |22,007 Spencer and Lamb |Nov. 23, 1858 |22,137 Perry, James |Nov. 23, 1858 |22,148 Burnet and Broderick |Nov. 30, 1858 |22,160 Hook, Albert H. |Nov. 30, 1858 |22,179 Raymond, Charles |Nov. 30, 1858 |22,220 Bishop, H. H. |Dec. 7, 1858 |22,226 Pratt, S. F. |Dec. 7, 1858 |22,240 Atwood, J. E. |Dec. 14, 1858 |22,273 Fosket, W. A., and |Jan. 25, 1859 |22,719 Savage, Elliot | | Snyder, W. |Feb. 15, 1859 |22,987 Clark, D. W. |May 3, 1859 |23,823 Boyd, A. H. |May 17, 1859 |24,003 Gray, Joshua |May 17, 1859 |24,022 Hook, Albert H. |May 17, 1859 |24,027 Spencer, James C. |May 17, 1859 |24,061 Carhart, Peter S. |May 24, 1859 |24,098 McCurdy, J. S. |June 14, 1859 |24,395 Goodwyn, H. H. |June 21, 1859 |24,455 Grout, William |July 5, 1859 |24,629 Hensel, George |July 12, 1859 |24,737 Parker, Sidney |July 12, 1859 |24,780 Hall, William |July 26, 1859 |24,870 Hayden, H. W. |Aug. 2, 1859 |24,937 Kelsey, D. |Aug. 2, 1859 |24,939 Emswiler, J. B. |Aug. 9, 1859 |25,002 Farr, C. N. |Aug. 9, 1859 |25,004 Harrison, James, Jr. |Aug. 9, 1859 |25,013 Tapley, G. S. |Aug. 9, 1859 |25,059 Barnes, W. T. |Aug. 16, 1859 |25,084 Booth, Ezekial |Aug. 16, 1859 |25,087 Hinkley, J. |Aug. 23, 1859 |25,231 Harrison, James, Jr. |Aug. 30, 1859 |25,262 Buell, J. S. |Sept. 13, 1859 |25,381 Vogel, Kasimir |Oct. 4, 1859 |25,692 Woodward, F. G. |Oct. 11, 1859 |25,782 Barrett, O. D. |Oct. 11, 1859 |25,785 Barnes, William T. |Oct. 25, 1859 |25,876 Sawyer, Irwin, and Alsop, T. |Oct. 25, 1859 |25,918 Budlong, William G. |Nov. 1, 1859 |25,946 Fosket, William A., |Nov. 1, 1859 |25,963 and Savage, E. | | Hicks, W. C. |Nov. 8, 1859 |26,035 Scofield, C. |Nov. 8, 1859 |26,059 Pearson, William |Nov. 22, 1859 |26,201 McCurdy, James S. |Nov. 22, 1859 |26,234 Clark, Edwin |Dec. 6, 1859 |26,336 d.i.c.kinson, C. W. |Dec. 6, 1859 |26,346 Miller, Charles |Dec. 13, 1859 |26,462 Rowe, Jas. |Dec. 27, 1859 |26,638 Johnson, A. F. |Jan. 24, 1860 |26,948 Thomson, J. |Feb. 7, 1860 |27,082 Juengst, George |Feb. 14, 1860 |27,132 Davis, Job A. |Feb. 21, 1860 |27,208 Gibbs, James E. A. |Feb. 21, 1860 |27,214 Rowe, James |Feb. 21, 1860 |27,260 Dopp, H. W. |Feb. 28, 1860 |27,279 Paine, A. R. |March 6, 1860 |27,412 Smalley, J. |March 20, 1860 |27,577 Newlove, T. |April 3, 1860 |27,761 McCurdy, J. S. |May 1, 1860 |28,097 Arnold, G. B. |May 8, 1860 |28,139 Bean, E. E. |May 8, 1860 |28,144 Holly, Birdsill |May 8, 1860 |28,176 Chamberlain, J. N. |May 29, 1860 |28,452 Rudd.i.c.k, H. |May 29, 1860 |28,538 Scofield, Chas., and |June 5, 1860 |28,610 Rice, Clarke | | Smith, Wilson H. |June 19, 1860 |28,785 Rose, I. M. |June 19, 1860 |28,814 Gibbs, J. E. A. |June 26, 1860 |28,851 McCurdy, J. S. |July 3, 1860 |28,993 Mueller, H. |July 3, 1860 |28,996 Sutton, Wm. A. |July 17, 1860 |29,202 Hicks, W. C. |July 24, 1860 |29,268 Tracy, D. |Sept. 11, 1860 |30,012 Washburn, T. S. |Sept. 11, 1860 |30,031 Arnold, G. B., and A. |Sept. 25, 1860 |30,112 Leavitt, Rufus |Nov. 13, 1860 |30,634 Payne, R. S. |Nov. 13, 1860 |30,641 Heyer, Frederick |Nov. 27, 1860 |30,731 Hardie, J. W. |Dec. 4, 1860 |30,854 Earle, T. |Jan. 22, 1861 |31,156 Bruen, J. T. |Jan. 22, 1861 |31,208 Smith, J. M. |Feb. 5, 1861 |31,334 Smith, L. H. |Feb. 12, 1861 |31,411 Rice, Quartus |Feb. 12, 1861 |31,429 Rose, I. M. |March 5, 1861 |31,628 Ross, n.o.ble G. |March 26, 1861 |31,829 Boyd, A. H. |April 2, 1861 |31,864 Mallary, G. H. |April 2, 1861 |31,897 Shaw, H. L. |April 9, 1861 |32,007 Burr, Theodore |April 9, 1861 |32,023 Jones, William, and |May 14, 1861 |32,297 Haughian, P. | | Wilder, M. G. |May 14, 1861 |32,323 Smith, Lewis H. |May 21, 1861 |32,385 Stoakes, J. W. |May 28, 1861 |32,456 Fuller, William M. |June 4, 1861 |32,496 Norton, B. F. |July 9, 1861 |32,782 Raymond, C. |July 9, 1861 |32,785 Raymond, Charles |July 30, 1861 |32,925 Case, G. F. |Aug. 13, 1861 |33,029 Hodgkins, C. |Aug. 20, 1861 |33,085 Marble, F. E. |Oct. 8, 1861 |33,439 Mann, Charles |Oct. 22, 1861 |33,556 Grover, W. O. |Nov. 26, 1861 |33,778 Hendrickson, E. M. |Feb. 4, 1862 |34,330 Derocquigny, A. C. F., |March 25, 1862 |34,748 Gance, D., and Hanzo, L. | | Thompson, R. |April 8, 1862 |34,926 Smith, John C. |April 15, 1862 |34,988 Palmer, Aaron |May 13, 1862 |35,252 Hall, W. S. |Aug. 5, 1862 |36,084 McCurdy, James S. |Aug. 19, 1862 |36,256 Grover, W. O. |Sept. 9, 1862 |36,405 Wilkins, J. N. |Sept. 30, 1862 |36,591 Humphrey, D. W. G. |Oct. 7, 1862 |36,617 House, H. A., and J. A. |Nov. 11, 1862 |36,932 Crossby, C. O., and Kellogg, H. |Dec. 2, 1862 |37,033 Shaw, A. B. |Dec. 16, 1862 |37,202 Pipo, John A. |Jan. 27, 1863 |37,550 Hollowell, J. G. |Feb. 10, 1863 |37,624 Howe, A. B. |March 17, 1863 |37,913 Weitling, W. |March 17, 1863 |37,931 Shaw & Clark |April 21, 1863 |38,246 Baldwin, Cyrus W. |April 28, 1863 |38,276 Grote, F. W. |May 5, 1863 |38,447 Palmer, C. H. |May 5, 1863 |38,450 Mack, W. A. |May 19, 1863 |38,592 Bosworth, C. F. |June 9, 1863 |38,807 McCurdy, J. S. |June 16, 1863 |38,931 Langdon, Leander W. |July 14, 1863 |39,256 House, J. A., and H.A. |Aug. 4, 1863 |39,442-39,445 (4 patents on 1 machine) | | Tracy and Hobbs |Sept. 15, 1863 |40,000 Wagener, Jeptha A. |Oct. 13, 1863 |40,296 Rehfuss, G. |Oct. 13, 1863 |40,311 Lathrop, Lebbeus W., |Oct. 27, 1863 |40,446 and de Sanno, Wm. P. | | Heyer, W. D. |Nov. 17, 1863 |40,622 Simmons, A. G., and Scofield, C. |March 1, 1864 |41,790 Guinness, W. S. |March 15, 1864 |41,916 Willc.o.x, Charles H. |March 22, 1864 |42,036 (4 patents on 1 machine) |Aug. 9, 1864 |43,819 |Sept. 27, 1864 |44,490 |Sept. 27, 1864 |44,491 Sibley, J. J. |March 29, 1864 |42,117 Thompson, R. |April 19, 1864 |42,449 McKay & Blake |May 24, 1864 |42,916 Chittenden, H. H. |June 28, 1864 |43,289 Hall, Luther |July 5, 1864 |43,404 Planer, Louis |Aug. 23, 1864 |43,927 At.w.a.ter, B. |Sept. 6, 1864 |44,063 Dale, John D. |Oct. 11, 1864 |44,686 Gritzner, M. C. |Oct. 18, 1864 |44,720 Smith, DeWitt C. |Dec. 20, 1864 |45,528 Weitling, W. |Jan. 3, 1865 |45,777 Cadwell, C. |Jan. 24, 1865 |45,972 Bartlett, J. W. |Jan. 31, 1865 |46,064 McCurdy, James S. |Feb. 7, 1865 |46,303 Lamb, Thomas, and |Aug. 15, 1865 |49,421 Allen, John | | Humphrey, D. W. G. |Aug. 29, 1865 |49,627 Tarbox, John N. |Sept. 5, 1865 |49,803 Crosby, C. O. |Oct. 3, 1865 |50,225 Cajar, E. |Oct. 3, 1865 |50,299 Hart, William |Oct. 17, 1865 |50,469 Hecht, A. |Oct. 17, 1865 |50,473 Emerson, John |Nov. 14, 1865 |50,989 Keats, John, and Clark, Wm. S. |Nov. 14, 1865 |50,995 Rehfuss, George |Nov. 21, 1865 |51,086 Eickemeyer, Rudolf |Feb. 20, 1866 |52,698 Hanlon, John |Feb. 27, 1866 |52,847 McCurdy, J. S. |April 3, 1866 |53,743 Bartram, W. B. |May 15, 1866 |54,670 Bartram, W. B. |May 15, 1866 |54,671 Goodspeed, G. N. |May 15, 1866 |54,816 Hayes, J. |May 22, 1866 |55,029 McCloskey, John |June 19, 1866 |55,688 House, J. A. and H. A. |June 26, 1866 |55,865 Tucker, Joseph C. |July 24, 1866 |56,641 Warth, Albin |July 24, 1866 |56,646 Destouy, A. |July 31, 1866 |56,729 Schwalback, M. |July 31, 1866 |56,805 Cately, William H. |Aug. 7, 1866 |56,902 Piper, D. B. |Aug. 7, 1866 |56,990 Leyden, Austin |Aug. 14, 1866 |57,157 Clements, James M. |Aug. 21, 1866 |57,451 Davis, Job A. |Oct. 9, 1866 |58,614 Rodier, Peter |Nov. 13, 1866 |59,659 d.u.c.h.emin, Wm. |Nov. 13, 1866 |59,715 Kilbourn, E. E. |Nov. 20, 1866 |59,746 Reed, T. K. |Dec. 4, 1866 |60,241 Singer, I. M. |Dec. 11, 1866 |60,433 Bartram, W. B. |Jan. 1, 1867 |60,669 Rehfuss, G. |Jan. 8, 1867 |61,102 Singer, Isaac |Jan. 15, 1867 |61,270 Cajar, Emil |Feb. 5, 1867 |61,711 Craige, E. H. |Feb. 19, 1867 |62,186 Reed, T. K. |Feb. 19, 1867 |62,287 Bartram, W. B. |March 5, 1867 |62,520 Fuller, H. W. |March 19, 1867 |63,033 Stannard, M. |April 23, 1867 |64,184 Craige, E. H. |Aug. 13, 1867 |67,635 Doll, Arnold |Sept. 3, 1867 |68,420 Bruen, L. B. |Sept. 17, 1867 |68,839 Hodgkins, C. |Oct. 8, 1867 |69,666 Baker, G. W. |Oct. 29, 1867 |70,152 Cadwell, Caleb |Nov. 19, 1867 |71,131 Fanning, J. |Dec. 31, 1867 |72,829 Warth, Albin |Jan. 7, 1868 |73,064 Rehfuss, George |Jan. 7, 1868 |73,119 Cornely, E. |Jan. 28, 1868 |73,696 Blake, L. R. |Feb. 11, 1868 |74,289 Fales, J. F. |Feb. 11, 1868 |74,328 Jencks, G. L. |Feb. 18, 1868 |74,694 Clark, Edwin E. |Feb. 25, 1868 |74,751 Halbert, A. W. |March 31, 1868 |76,076 Gritzner, M. C. |April 7, 1868 |76,323 Bartlett, Joseph W. |April 7, 1868 |76,385 Waterbury, Enos |June 16, 1868 |79,037 Cole, W. H. |June 30, 1868 |79,447 Lamson, Henry P. |July 7, 1868 |79,579 French, S. |July 28, 1868 |80,345 Stein, M. J. |Sept. 8, 1868 |81,956 Hanc.o.c.k, H. J. |Oct. 27, 1868 |83,492 Bartram, W. B. |Nov. 3, 1868 |83,592 Benedict, C. P. |Nov. 3, 1868 |83,596 Bonnaz, A. |Nov. 10, 1868 |83,909 Bonnaz, A. |Nov. 10, 1868 |83,910 Elliott, F. |Jan. 19, 1869 |85,918 Canfield, F. P. |Jan. 19, 1869 |86,057 Arnold B. |Jan. 26, 1869 |86,121 Jones, John |Jan. 26, 1869 |86,163 Russell, W. W. |Feb. 9, 1869 |86,695 Eldridge, G. W. |March 2, 1869 |87,331 House, J. A. and H. A. |March 2, 1869 |87,338 Gird, E. D. |March 9, 1869 |87,559 Carpenter, William |March 9, 1869 |87,633 Dunbar, C. F. |March 30, 1869 |88,282 McLean, J. N. |March 30, 1869 |88,499 Billings, C. E. |April 6, 1869 |88,603 Winter, Wm. |April 13, 1869 |88,936 t.i.ttman, A. |April 20, 1869 |89,093 Swartwout, H. L. |April 27, 1869 |89,357 Lyons, Lucius |April 27, 1869 |89,489 Crosby, C. O. |May 25, 1869 |90,507 Gutmann, J. |May 25, 1869 |90,528 d.u.c.h.emin, William |June 8, 1869 |91,101 Adams, John Q. |July 6, 1869 |92,138 Bond, Joseph, Jr. |Aug. 10, 1869 |93,588 Hoffman, Geo. W. |Aug. 24, 1869 |94,112 Brown, John H. |Aug. 31, 1869 |94,389 Heery, Luke |Sept. 14, 1869 |94,740 Gray, Joshua |Oct. 5, 1869 |95,581 Smith, E. H. |Oct. 26, 1869 |96,160 Page, Chas. |Nov. 2, 1869 |96,343 Lyon, Lucius |Nov. 9, 1869 |96,713 Clever, P. J. |Nov. 16, 1869 |96,886 Mills, Daniel |Nov. 16, 1869 |96,944 Woodruff, Geo. B., and |Nov. 16, 1869 |97,014 Browning, Geo. | | Keith, Jeremiah |Dec. 7, 1869 |97,518 Hurtu, Auguste J., and |Dec. 21, 1869 |98,064 Hautin, Victor J. | | Lamb, Thomas |Dec. 28, 1869 |98,390 Rudolph, B. |Feb. 1, 1870 |99,481 Porter, Alonzo |Feb. 8, 1870 |99,704 Smith, W. T. |Feb. 8, 1870 |99,743 Meyers, N. |Feb. 15, 1870 |99,783 Grover, W. O. |Feb. 22, 1870 |100,139 Spoehr, F. |April 12, 1870 |101,779 Kendall, George F. |April 12, 1870 |101,887 c.o.o.ney, W. |April 26, 1870 |102,226 Brown, F. H. |April 26, 1870 |102,366 Howard E., and Jackson, W. H. |May 31, 1870 |103,745 Bartram, W. B. |June 14, 1870 |104,247 Henriksen, H. P. |June 21, 1870 |104,590 Martine, Charles F. |June 21, 1870 |104,612 Nasch, Isidor |June 21, 1870 |104,630 Hall, L. |July 12, 1870 |105,329 Lyon, Lucius |July 26, 1870 |105,820 Bennor, Joseph |Aug. 9, 1870 |106,249 Barnes, M. M. |Aug. 16, 1870 |106,307 Leslie, Arthur M. |Oct. 18, 1870 |108,492 Rayer, William A.,and |Nov. 1, 1870 |108,827 Lincoln, Wm. S. | | Landfear, Wm. R. |Nov. 22, 1870 |109,427 Parham, Charles |Nov. 22, 1870 |109,443 Lamb, I. W. |Nov. 29, 1870 |109,632 Moreau, Eugene |Jan. 3, 1871 |110,669 Robinson, Charles E. |Jan. 3, 1871 |110,790 Goodyear, Charles, Jr. |Jan. 24, 1871 |111,197 Stevens, G., and Hendy, J. |Jan. 31, 1871 |111,488 Carpenter, Mary P. |Feb. 21, 1871 |112,016 Hanc.o.c.k, Henry J. |Feb. 21, 1871 |112,033 Sidenberg, W. |March 14, 1871 |112,745 Chase, M. |April 11, 1871 |113,498 Stein, M. J. |April 11, 1871 |113,593 Tate, Wm. J. |April 11, 1871 |113,704 House, J. A. and H. A. |May 2, 1871 |114,294 Sidenberg, W. |May 23, 1871 |115,117 Beuttels, Charles |May 23, 1871 |115,155 Thompson, G. |May 23, 1871 |115,255 Willc.o.x and Carleton |June 27, 1871 |116,521 (3 patents on 1 machine) | |116,522 | |116,523 Willc.o.x and Carleton |July 4, 1871 |116,783 Goodyear, Charles, Jr. |July 11, 1871 |116,947 Necker, Carl |July 18, 1871 |117,101 Pitt, James; Joseph; |July 18, 1871 |117,203 Edward; and Wm. | | Jones, John T. |Aug. 1, 1871 |117,640 West, E. P. |Aug. 1, 1871 |117,708 Jones, Solomon |Aug. 29, 1871 |118,537 (2 patents on 1 machine) | |118,538 Lamb, Thomas |Sept. 5, 1871 |118,728 Bosworth, C. F. |Jan. 9, 1872 |122,555 Smyth, D. M. |Jan. 9, 1872 |122,673 Fish, Warren L. |Feb. 13, 1872 |123,625 Palmer, C. H. |March 19, 1872 |124,694 Baker, G. W. |April 9, 1872 |125,374 Gordon and Kinert |April 16, 1872 |125,807 Howard, C. W. |April 23, 1872 |126,056 (second machine) | |126,057 Smyth, D. M. |May 14, 1872 |126,845 Beckwith, W. G. |May 21, 1872 |126,921 Bouscay, Eloi, Jr. |May 28, 1872 |127,145 Braundbeck, E. |June 11, 1872 |127,675 Heidenthal, W. |June 11, 1872 |127,765 Cleminshaw, S. |June 25, 1872 |128,363 Wardwell, S. W., Jr. |July 2, 1872 |128,684 Springer, W. A. |July 9, 1872 |128,919 Fanning, John |July 16, 1872 |129,013 Parks, Volney |July 30, 1872 |129,981 Baker, G. W. |July 30, 1872 |130,005 Smyth, D. M. |Aug. 6, 1872 |130,324 McClure, A. T. |Aug. 13, 1872 |130,385 Ashe, Robert |Aug. 20, 1872 |130,555 Bartram, W. B. |Aug. 20, 1872 |130,557 West, Elliot P. |Aug. 20, 1872 |130,674 Happe, J., and Newman, W. |Aug. 20, 1872 |130,715 Hinds, Jesse L. |Sept. 10, 1872 |131,166 Brown, F. H. |Oct. 1, 1872 |131,735 Beckwith, W. G. |Nov. 26, 1872 |133,351 Turner, S. S. |Dec. 3, 1872 |133,553 Chandler, R. |Dec. 10, 1872 |133,757 Venner, O. |Dec. 10, 1872 |133,814 d.u.c.h.emin, W. |Jan. 21, 1873 |135,032 Sheffield, G. V. |Jan. 21, 1873 |135,047 Parham, Charles |Feb. 4, 1873 |135,579 Goodes, E. A. |March 11, 1873 |136,718 t.i.ttman, A. |March 11, 1873 |136,792 Happe, J., and Newman, W. |March 25, 1873 |137,199 Ragan, Daniel |April 1, 1873 |137,321 O'Neil, John |April 8, 1873 |137,618 Kallmeyer, G. |April 8, 1873 |137,689 Ross, J. G., and Miller, T. L. |May 13, 1873 |138,764 West, Elliott P. |May 13, 1873 |138,772 Koch and Bra.s.s |May 13, 1873 |138,898 Arnold, B. |May 20, 1873 |138,981 Arnold, B. |May 20, 1873 |138,982 Lathrop, L. W. |May 20, 1873 |139,067 Chandler, Rufus |May 27, 1873 |139,368 Jones, S. H. |July 8, 1873 |140,631 Smyth, D. M. |July 22, 1873 |141,088 Wardwell, S. W., Jr. |July 29, 1873 |141,245 Stewart, J., Jr. |July 29, 1873 |141,397 Walker, William |July 29, 1873 |141,407 Blanchard, Helen A. |Aug. 19, 1873 |141,987 Springer, W. A. |Aug. 26, 1873 |142,290 Cushman, C. S. |Sept. 2, 1873 |142,442 Porter, D. A. |Nov. 25, 1873 |144,864 Koch & Bra.s.s |Dec. 2, 1873 |145,215 Richardson, E. F. |Dec. 16, 1873 |145,687 Weber, Theo. A. |Dec. 23, 1873 |145,823 Scribner, Benjamin, Jr. |Jan. 13, 1874 |146,483 Black, Samuel S. |Jan. 20, 1874 |146,642 Taylor, F. B. |Jan. 20, 1874 |146,721 Richardson, Everett P. |Jan. 27, 1874 |146,948 Muir, William |Feb. 3, 1874 |147,152 Goodes, E. A. |Feb. 10, 1874 |147,387 Springer, Wm. A. |Feb. 10, 1874 |147,441 True, C. B. |March 10, 1874 |148,336 Wardwell, S. W., Jr. |March 10, 1874 |148,339 Sh.o.r.ey, Samuel W. |March 17, 1874 |148,765 Smith, James H. |March 24, 1874 |148,902 Horr, Addison D. |April 21, 1874 |149,862 Page, Chas. |May 5, 1874 |150,479 Crane, Thomas |May 5, 1874 |150,532 Buhr, J. |May 26, 1874 |151,272 Smyth, D. M. |June 9, 1874 |151,801 Wensley, James |June 16, 1874 |152,055 Dinsmore, A. S., and |June 30, 1874 |152,618 Carter, John T. | | Speirs, J. |July 7, 1874 |152,813 Brewer, A. G. |July 14, 1874 |152,894 Baglin, Wm. |Aug. 18, 1874 |154,113 Howard, E. L. |Aug. 25, 1874 |154,485 Landfear, Wm. R. |Sept. 22, 1874 |155,193 Drake, Ellis |Oct. 13, 1874 |155,932 Barney, Samuel C. |Oct. 20, 1874 |156,119 Moreau, Eugene |Oct. 20, 1874 |156,171 Huntington, Thomas S. |Dec. 29, 1874 |158,214 Bartlett and Plant |Jan. 26, 1875 |159,065 Garland, H. P. |Feb. 16, 1875 |159,812 Dinsmore, Alfred S. |March 9, 1875 |160,512 McCloskey, John |March 30, 1875 |161,534 Schmidt, Albert E. |April 27, 1875 |162,697 Darling & Darling |May 25, 1875 |163,639 Richardson, Everett P. |July 13, 1875 |165,506 Whitehill, Robert |July 27, 1875 |166,172 Weber, Theodore A. |Aug. 3, 1875 |166,236 Pearson, Wm. |Aug. 17, 1875 |166,805 Beckwith, William G. |Sept. 7, 1875 |167,382 Hall, John S. |Oct. 11, 1875 |168,637 Jones, J. T. |Oct. 26, 1875 |169,106 Garland, H. P. |Oct. 26, 1875 |169,163 Wormald & Dobson |Nov. 9, 1875 |169,881 Rose, R. M. |Nov. 30, 1875 |170,596 Keith, Jeremiah |Dec. 7, 1875 |170,741 Keith, T. K. |Dec. 14, 1875 |170,955 Leavitte, Albert |Dec. 14, 1875 |171,147 Toll, Charles F. |Dec. 14, 1875 |171,193 Keats, Greenwood, & Keats |Dec. 28, 1875 |171,622 Thayer, Augustus |Jan. 11, 1876 |172,205 Frese, B. |Jan. 18, 1876 |172,308 Pearson, William |Jan. 18, 1876 |172,478 Sawyer & Esty |Feb. 29, 1876 |174,159 Porter & Baker |March 14, 1876 |174,703 Walker, William |April 11, 1876 |176,101 Upson, L. A. |April 18, 1876 |176,153 Witherspoon, S. A. |April 18, 1876 |176,211 Rice, T. M. |April 25, 1876 |176,686 Murphy, E. |May 2, 1876 |176,880 Bradford, E. F., and |May 16, 1876 |177,371 Pierce, V. R. | | Applegate & Webb |May 25, 1876 |177,784 Sullivan, John J. |June 27, 1876 |179,232 Appleton, C. J., and |July 4, 1876 |179,440 Sibley, J. J. | | Marin, Chas. |July 11, 1876 |179,709 Gullransen, P. E., and |July 25, 1876 |180,225 Rettinger, J. C. | | Butcher, Joseph |Aug. 1, 1876 |180,542 Jackson, William |Sept. 5, 1876 |181,941 Barton, Kate C. |Sept. 12, 1876 |182,096 Eickemeyer, Rudolf |Sept. 12, 1876 |182,182 Webster, W. |Sept. 12, 1876 |182,249 Knoch, C. F. |Oct. 17, 1876 |183,400 Cushman, C. S. |Nov. 21, 1876 |184,594 Harris, David |Dec. 12, 1876 |185,228 Wood, J. |Dec. 26, 1876 |185,811 Oram, Henry |Jan. 2, 1877 |185,952 Palmer, Frank L. |Jan. 2, 1877 |185,954 Hall, John S. |Feb. 6, 1877 |187,006 Palmateer, William A. |Feb. 20, 1877 |187,479 c.u.mmins, William G. |Feb. 27, 1877 |187,822 Esty, William |Feb. 27, 1877 |187,837 Leavitt & Drew |Feb. 27, 1877 |187,874 Henriksen, H. P. |March 20, 1877 |188,515 McKay, Gordon |March 27, 1877 |188,809 Follett, J. L. |April 10, 1877 |189,446 Bond, James, Jr. |April 17, 1877 |189,599 Jacob, F. |April 24, 1877 |190,047 Beck, A. |May 1, 1877 |190,184 Hallett, H. H. |June 5, 1877 |191,584 Randel, William |June 12, 1877 |192,008 Corbett, E., and Harlow, C. F. |July 3, 1877 |192,568 Brown, F. H. |July 24, 1877 |193,477 Melhuish, R. M. |Aug. 28, 1877 |194,610 Atwood, K. C. |Sept. 4, 1877 |194,759 Macaulay, F. A. |Oct. 9, 1877 |195,939 Dimond, George H. |Oct. 16, 1877 |196,198 Sedmihradsky, A. J. |Oct. 23, 1877 |196,486 Keith, J. |Nov. 6, 1877 |196,809 Beck, August |Nov. 6, 1877 |196,863 Keith, T. H. |Nov. 6, 1877 |196,909 Keats, John |Dec. 11, 1877 |198,120 Briggs, Thomas |Jan. 1, 1878 |198,790 Corey, J. W. |Jan. 8, 1878 |198,970 Howard, T. S. L. |Jan. 15, 1878 |199,206 Bosworth, C. F. |Jan. 22, 1878 |199,500 Dancel, C. |Jan. 29, 1878 |199,802 Pearson, M. H. |Feb. 5, 1878 |199,991 Morrell, Robert W.; |April 23, 1878 |202,857 Parkinson, Thomas; and | | Parkinson, Joseph | | Barcellos, D. |April 30, 1878 |203,102 Elderfield, F. D. |June 4, 1878 |204,429 Heberling, J. |June 4, 1878 |204,604 Beukler, William |June 11, 1878 |204,704 Varicas, L. |June 11, 1878 |204,864 Stewart, W. T. |July 2, 1878 |205,698 House, Jas. A. |July 23, 1878 |206,239 Martin, W., Jr.; Dawson, D. R.; |Aug. 6, 1878 |206,743 and Orchar, R. | | Conklin, N. A. |Aug. 6, 1878 |206,774 Wollenberg, H., and Priesner, J. |Aug. 6, 1878 |206,848 Young, E. S., and Dimond, G. H. |Aug. 13, 1878 |206,992 Hoffman, Clara P., and |Aug. 13, 1878 |207,035 Meyers, Nicholas | | Wensley, Jas. |Aug. 20, 1878 |207,230 Dimond, G. H. |Aug. 27, 1878 |207,400 Steward, A. |Aug. 27, 1878 |207,454 Wood, Richard G. |Sept. 10, 1878 |207,928 McCombs, Geo. F. |Sept. 24, 1878 |208,407 Keith, Jeremiah |Oct. 22, 1878 |209,126 Wells, W. W. |Nov. 12, 1878 |209,843 Bayley, C. H. |Feb. 11, 1879 |212,122 Parmenter, Charles O. |Feb. 18, 1879 |212,495 Ingalls, N., Jr. |Feb. 25, 1879 |212,602 Cleminshaw, S. |March 18, 1879 |213,391 Webb, T., and Heartfield, C. H. |March 25, 1879 |213,537 Borton, Stockton |April 8, 1879 |214,089 Henriksen, H. P. |May 20, 1879 |215,615 Bland, Henry |June 3, 1879 |216,016 Morrison, T. W. |June 10, 1879 |216,289 Bosworth, Charles F. |June 17, 1879 |216,504 Simmons, Frederick |June 24, 1879 |216,902 Junker, Carl |July 1, 1879 |217,112 Legat, Desire Mathurin |Aug. 12, 1879 |218,388 Willc.o.x, C. H. |Aug. 12, 1879 |218,413 Cornely, Emile |Sept. 2, 1879 |219,225 Hamm, E. |Sept. 16, 1879 |219,578 Tuttle, J. W., and Keith, T. K. |Sept. 16, 1879 |219,782 Stackpole, G., and |Oct. 7, 1879 |220,314 Applegate, J. H. | | Otis, S. L. |Oct. 28, 1879 |221,093 Bland, H. |Nov. 11, 1879 |221,505 Bracher, T. W. |Nov. 11,1879 |221,508 Snediker, J. F. |Nov. 25, 1879 |222,089 Mooney, J. H. |Dec. 2, 1879 |222,298 Osborne, J. H. |Feb. 3, 1880 |224,219 Smith, W. M. |March 2, 1880 |225,199 Banks, C. M. |March 23, 1880 |225,784 Haberling, J. |May 4, 1880 |227,249 Haberling, J. |May 11, 1880 |227,525 Wiseman, Edmund |June 8, 1880 |228,711 Juengst, George |June 15, 1880 |228,820 Morley, J. H. |June 15, 1880 |228,918 Curtis, G. H. W. |June 22, 1880 |228,985 Lipe, C. E. |June 29, 1880 |229,322 Miller, L. B., and Diehl, P. |July 6, 1880 |229,629 Willc.o.x, C. H. |July 20, 1880 |230,212 Shaw, E. |July 27, 1880 |230,580 Dinsmore, A. S. |Aug. 17, 1880 |231,155 Thurston, C. H. |Oct. 12, 1880 |231,300 Butcher, J. |Oct. 26, 1880 |233,657 Smyth, D. M. |Nov. 23, 1880 |234,732 Hesse, J. |Dec. 7, 1880 |235,085 Kjalman, H. N. |Dec. 21, 1880 |235,783 Morley, J. H. |Jan. 4, 1881 |236,350 Thomas, J. |Jan. 11, 1881 |236,466 Benson, G. |March 8, 1881 |238,556 Green, G. F. |March 8, 1881 |238,678 Eickemeyer, Rudolf |March 29, 1881 |239,319 Palmer, C. H. |April 26, 1881 |240,758 Campbell, D. H. |May 17, 1881 |241,612 Campbell, Duncan H. |May 17, 1881 |241,613 Leslie, A. M. |May 24, 1881 |241,808 Newell, George F. |June 7, 1881 |242,470 Gritzner, Max C. |June 28, 1881 |243,444 Keith, Jeremiah |July 5, 1881 |243,710 Choquette, A. E. |July 12, 1881 |244,033 Mooney, J. H. |July 19, 1881 |244,470 Beardslee, W. F. |Aug. 16, 1881 |245,781 Hine, Charlie M. |Aug. 23, 1881 |246,136 Willc.o.x, C. H. |Sept. 6, 1881 |246,700 Hoefler, J. |Sept. 13, 1881 |246,883 Woodward, E. |Sept. 20, 1881 |247,285 Richards, Jean E. |Jan. 24, 1882 |252,799 Abbott, W. W. |Jan. 31, 1882 |252,984 Secor, J. B. |Feb. 14, 1882 |253,772 Deschamps, O. L. |Feb. 21, 1882 |253,915 Hull, E. H. |Feb. 28, 1882 |254,217 Roberts, William |March 7, 1882 |254,696 Willc.o.x and Borton |March 28, 1882 |255,576 Borton and Willc.o.x |March 28, 1882 |255,577 Borton and Willc.o.x |March 28, 1882 |255,580 Borton and Willc.o.x |March 28, 1882 |255,581 Veukler, W. |April 4, 1882 |255,916 Hurtu, A. J. |May 30, 1882 |258,761 Keats, Alphonso |July 11, 1882 |260,990 Ramsden, John W. |Aug. 1, 1882 |262,116 Koch, William |Aug. 8, 1882 |262,298 Bigelow, J. |Aug. 29, 1882 |263,467 Mills, Daniel |Oct. 10, 1882 |265,850 Wilkinson, Charles E. |Dec. 19, 1882 |269,251 Carlisle, W. S. |Jan. 9, 1883 |270,540 Holden, O. J., and Griswold, L. |Feb. 13, 1883 |272,050 Cameron, James W. |Feb. 20, 1883 |272,527 Miller, L. B., and Diehl, P. |March 20, 1883 |274,359 Ludeke, W. |April 10, 1883 |275,506 Bolton, J., and Petnz, A. D. |May 8, 1883 |277,106 Blodgett, John W. |June 12, 1883 |279,320 Haberling, J. |Sept. 4, 1883 |284,300 Thimonnier, E., and Vernaz, C. |Oct. 30, 1883 |287,592 d.u.c.h.emin, William |Nov. 20, 1883 |288,929 Lawrence, G. H. |Dec. 25, 1883 |290,895 Clever, Peter J. |April 8, 1884 |296,529 Palmer, John H. |May 6, 1884 |298,228 Dowling, James, and |May 27, 1884 |299,118 Connolly, John | | Boecher, Adam |June 10, 1884 |300,199 Luedeke, Waldemar |June 17, 1884 |300,380 VanVechten, Orville R. |July 15, 1884 |302,063 Carr, Wm. H., and Ostrom, F. W. |Aug. 12, 1884 |303,361 Trip, J. |Dec. 2, 1884 |308,711 Farrar, Arthur |Dec. 30, 1884 |309,837 Turner, M. G. |Feb. 17, 1885 |312,306 Mills, D. |March 3, 1885 |313,359 Hurtu, August J. |April 7, 1885 |315,037 Charmbury, Henry |April 28, 1885 |316,745 Woodward & Keith |April 28, 1885 |316,927 Walker, William |June 16, 1885 |320,099 Tucker, R. D. |June 23, 1885 |320,898 Wheeler and Dial |Oct. 13, 1885 |328,165 Thomas, Joseph |Nov. 10, 1885 |330,170 Muegge, C. A. |Dec. 8, 1885 |332,207 Diehl, P. |April 13, 1886 |339,623 Diehl, P. |Aug. 24, 1886 |347,776 Helwig, Arthur |Oct. 5, 1886 |350,364 Miehling, Charles |Nov. 2, 1886 |351,992 Dieterle, H. E. |Nov. 30, 1886 |353,542 Walker, William |Dec. 7, 1886 |353,720 Rosenthal, S. A. |Dec. 7, 1886 |353,970 Temple, John |Feb. 22, 1887 |358,088 Gee, W. V. |April 19, 1887 |361,406 Lingley, John W. |Aug. 16, 1887 |368,538 Boppel, Jacob |Jan. 29, 1889 |396,979 Webster, William |April 30, 1889 |402,497 Osterhout and Hallenbeck |May 7, 1889 |402,610 Bennett and Dowling |Aug. 27, 1889 |409,728 Hine, Charles M. |Jan. 28, 1890 |420,382 Wheeler, Nathaniel |Feb. 4, 1890 |420,847 Hallenbeck, J. P. |April 8, 1890 |425,422 Lisle, Myron C. |May 20, 1890 |428,171 Walker and Bennet |May 20, 1890 |428,548 Stewart, James, Jr. |July 15, 1890 |432,449 Dewees, J. W. |July 22, 1890 |432,746 Powell, Thomas |Dec. 16, 1890 |442,695 Fletcher, James H. |Dec. 30, 1890 |443,756 Rudolph, Ernst B., deceased, |April 7, 1891 |449,927 Boulter, W. E., administrator | | Goodwin, Julius C. |April 21, 1891 |450,793 Cook, Hugo |June 23, 1891 |454,610 Bowyer, J. T. |June 23, 1891 |454,708 Willc.o.x, C. H., and Borton, S. |April 5, 1892 |472,094 Legg and Weston |May 17, 1892 |474,840 Kern, Ferdinand |July 19, 1892 |479,369 Jackson, Francis |May 1, 1894 |519,064 Charles Abercrombi |June 5, 1892 |520,977 Taft, J. C. |Oct. 15, 1895 |547,866

IV. 19th-Century Sewing-Machine Leaflets in the Smithsonian Collections

_Machine or Manufacturer_ |_Date_ |_Type_ | | American B.H.O. and Sewing Machine |1874 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Buckeye sewing machine |ca. 1870 |Ill.u.s.trated, directions for using | | the machine New Buckeye |ca. 1872 |Ill.u.s.trated, directions for using | | the machine Centennial sewing machine |1876 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Domestic sewing machine |1872 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Florence sewing machine |1873 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Florence sewing machine |1878 |Ill.u.s.trated, directions for using | | the machine Goodes sewing machine |ca. 1876 |Advertising leaflet Grant Brothers sewing machine |1867 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet | | (Xerox copy) Grover and Baker sewing machine |1853 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Grover and Baker sewing machine |ca. 1870 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Home sewing machine |ca. 1870 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Howe sewing machine, new "B" machine |1868 |Ill.u.s.trated, instruction booklet Howe sewing machine |1876 |Ill.u.s.trated, catalog of machines Independent Noiseless sewing machine |ca. 1874 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Ladd, Webster sewing machine |1861 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Little Monitor sewing machine |ca. 1872 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Remington Family sewing machine |ca. 1874 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Shaw and Clark sewing machine |1864 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Singer sewing machine |1871 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Singer sewing machine |1893 |Catalog of machines shown at the | | Columbian Exposition Standard Shuttle sewing machine |ca. 1875 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Ten Dollar Novelty sewing machine |ca. 1870 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Weed sewing machine |1873 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Wheeler and Wilson sewing machine |ca. 1869 |Ill.u.s.trated, instruction booklet Wheeler and Wilson sewing machine |ca. 1870-1875 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet Wheeler and Wilson no. 8 machine |ca. 1878 |Ill.u.s.trated, instruction booklet Wilson sewing machine |1872 |Ill.u.s.trated, advertising leaflet

V. A Brief History of Cotton Thread

Although Samuel Slater's wife is credited with making the first cotton sewing thread from yarns spun at the Pawtucket, Rhode Island, mill in about 1794, cotton thread did not become a manufactured item at that time. Slater turned all his interests to producing cotton-twist yarns needed for the warps of cotton fabrics. By 1809, however, the agents of Almy and Brown, partners and distributors for Slater, were advertising cotton thread as follows:

Factory Cotton and Thread Store, No. 26 Court Street opposite Concert Hall. George Connell, Agent for Almy and Brown of Providence and Pawtucket Manufactories, has now for sale from eight to ten thousand weight of yarn, for weaving ... five hundred pounds cotton thread, in hanks, from No. 12 to 60 of a superior quality and very white.[91]

Although it was a short hop from the spinning of cotton warps to the twisting of these cotton yarns to form a sewing thread, the general manufacture of cotton thread as an industry did not originate in the United States but rather in Scotland in the early 19th century.

Napoleon's blockade, which curtailed Great Britain's importation of silk--needed not only for fabrics but also for making heddle strings for the looms--stimulated the production of cotton thread there. James and Patrick Clark, in desperation, attempted to subst.i.tute cotton for silk in their manufacture of these heddle strings. When they were successful, they considered that if cotton could be used successfully for this purpose it could also be made suitable for sewing thread. In 1812 they built a factory in Paisley, Scotland, which had long been noted for its textile industries. The thread was sold in hanks. About 1820 James'

sons, James and John, who were now running J. & J. Clark & Co., began to wind the thread on spools. For this service they charged an extra halfpenny, which was refunded when the empty spool was returned. The thread was usually a three-ply or so-called three-cord thread.

About 1815 James Coats, also of Paisley, started manufacturing thread at Ferguslie, Scotland. His two sons took over the company in 1826 and formed the J. & P. Coats Company. Another brother, Andrew Coats, became the selling agent in the United States about 1840. But the cotton-thread industry was not fully launched.

As reported in an 1853 _Scientific American_, there was "more American thread made ten years ago than there is today."[92] It was not until the six-cord cabled cotton thread, which was suitable for both machine and hand sewing, was perfected that the industry progressed into full operation.

FOOTNOTES: