The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Part 24

_Sendu lin al mi, kiam ajn li venos_ = Send him to me whenever he comes.

_Kiam ajn li venos?_ = Whenever will he come?

N.B.--Kiam is used after tiam, and any word denoting "time"

except antau = _before_, when ol is generally used, though kiam is used occasionally after antau also (see par. 259 (3)).

Examples.--_Unutage, kiam_ = One day, when. _Iun tagon, kiam_ = On a day, when. _Tuj kiam_ = As soon as, immediately when. _Samtempe, kiam_ = At the same time, when. _De l' tempo kiam_ = From the time when, since. _Post kiam_ = After. _Antau ol li venis_ = Before he came.

152. Series ending in E (place), adverbial.

Ie = _somewhere_ (_anywhere_), _in some_ (_any_) _place_.

Cie = _everywhere_, _in every place_, _in all places_.

Ie ajn, _anywhere_ (_whatever_).

Kie = _where_, _in what place_, _in which place_.

Tie = _there_, _yonder_, _in that place_. Ci tie or tie ci = _here_, _in this place_.

Examples.--_Mi ne povis trovi mian libron ie en la cambro_ = I could _not_ find my book _any_where in the room.

_Cu vi metis gin ien?_ = Did you put it anywhere (somewhere)?

_Cie mi trovis amikojn_ = Everywhere I found friends.

_Tion oni povas aceti cie_ = That can be bought (one can buy) anywhere (everywhere).

_Kien vi iras?_ = Where are you going?

_Mi iras nenien_ = I am going nowhere.

_Kie estas la postoficejo?_ = Where is the post office?

_Gi estas tie, kie staras tiu domo_ = It is there where that house stands.

_Kien vi iras?_ = Whither are you going?

_Mi iras tien_ = I am going thither.

_Cu vi estas ci tie?_ = Are you here?

_Li venas ci tien_ = He is coming here.

_Kie ajn li estas?_ = Wherever is he?

_Kie ajn li estas, li ne estas tie ci_ = Wherever he is, he is not here.

153. Series in EL (manner), adverbial.

Iel--_somehow_ (_anyhow_), _in some way_, _in some manner_.

Iel ajn, _in any way_ (_whatever_).

Ciel = _in every way_, _in every manner_, _in all ways_.

Kiel = _how_, _in what manner_, _like_, ... _as_.

Neniel = _nohow_, _in no manner_, _not at all_, _by no means_.

Tiel = _thus_, _in that manner_, _like_ (_that_), _so_, _as_ ...

Tiel ... kiel (in comparison) = _as ... as_; _so ... as_.

Examples.--_Iel li ciel sukcesas_ = Somehow he succeeds in every way.

_Mi havis nenian ideon, kiel gin fari_ = I had no idea how to do it.

_Kiel vi fartas?_ = How do you do? _or_, How are you?

_Si neniel povis lin kompreni tiel longe, kiel li parolis la lingvon francan_ = She could nohow (_or_, not at all) understand him as long as he spoke in the French language.

_Same kiel la prudento estas donita al la h.o.m.o, tiel la instinkto estas donita al la besto_ = Just as reason has been given to man, so instinct has been given to beasts.

_Kaj tiel plu_ (often written _k.t.p._) = And so on, and so forth.

_Kiel eble plej baldau (k.e.p.b.)_ = As soon as possible.

_Li estas tiel forta, kiel vi_ = He is as strong as you.

_Kiel ajn malmulte_ = However little.

154. Series ending in ES (possession), p.r.o.nominal; relate to thing or person, singular or plural.

Ies = _somebody's_, _someone's_ (_anyone's_, _anybody's_).

Cies = _everyone's_, _each one's_, _of each_, _of all_.

Kies = _whose_, _of whom_, _of which_.

Nenies = _no one's_, _n.o.body's_, _of none_.

Ties = _that one's_, _of that_, _of those_.

Examples.--_Cies devo estas nenies_ = Anybody's (everybody's) duty is n.o.body's.

_Ies perdo ne estas ciam ies gajno_ = Someone's loss is not always somebody's gain.

_Cies ideo estis diversa_ = Everyone's idea was different.