The Dyeing of Woollen Fabrics Part 13

common salt, and 1/2 lb. acetic acid, working at the boil to shade.

_Golden Yellow_.--Mordant with 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 2 lb.

tartar; dye with 1 lb. Anthracene Yellow C.

_Deep Golden Yellow_.--Make the dye-bath with 3 lb. Anthracene Yellow C, and 3 lb. bisulphate of soda. Work at the boil for half an hour, then lift; add 3 lb. fluoride of chrome, re-enter the wool and work at the boil for another half-hour, then wash and dry.

_Deep Olive Yellow_.--Mordant with 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 2 lb. tartar; dye with 20 lb. fustic extract. This gives a very deep shade of olive Yellow.

_Bright Lemon Yellow_.--Make the dye-bath with 10 lb. Gambine Yellow, 7 lb. alum, and 2 lb. oxalic acid. Enter cold, then slowly heat to the boil and work to shade; then lift, wash and dry.

_Leaf Yellow_.--Mordant with 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 1/2 lb.

sulphuric acid; then dye with 2 lb. Gambine Y and 1 lb. Yellow N.

_Deep Leaf Yellow_.--A somewhat deeper shade than the last is dyed by first mordanting with 2 lb. bichromate of potash and 1/2 lb. sulphuric acid, then dyeing with 2 lb. Gambine R and 1 lb. Yellow N.

_Lemon Yellow_.--Prepare a bath with 40 lb. fustic, 6 lb. alum, 6 lb.

tartar, and 3/4 lb. tin crystals; enter the wool and work at the boil for one and a half hours, then lift, wash and dry.

_Olive Yellow_.--Mordant, 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 2 lb. tartar; dye, 3 lb. extract of fustic.

_Deep Lemon_.--Mordant, 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 2 lb. tartar; dye, 1 lb. Alizarine Yellow G G W.

_Golden Yellow_.--Mordant, 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 1 lb. (p. 126) sulphuric acid; dye, 10 lb. Alizarine Yellow G G W.

_Light Straw_.--Make the dye-bath with 3 oz. Anthracene Yellow B N, 5 lb. acetate of ammonia, and 3 lb. bisulphate of soda; work at the boil to shade, then lift, wash and dry.

_Old Gold_.--A very fine shade of old gold is obtained by dyeing in a bath of 3 lb. Anthracene Yellow C, 5 lb. acetate of ammonia, and 3 lb.

bisulphate of soda. Work at the boil for three-quarters of an hour, then lift; add to the dye-bath 3 lb. fluoride of chrome, re-enter the wool, and work for one and a half hours longer at the boil; lift, wash and dry.

_Deep Yellow_.--Mordant, 3 lb. bichromate of potash and 2-1/2 lb.

tartar; dye, 2 lb. Mordant Yellow D.

_Pale Olive Yellow_.--Dye with 3 lb. Anthracene Yellow G G, 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. acetic acid; after the dye-bath is exhausted of colour add 3 lb. fluoride of chrome, and work at the boil half an hour longer.

_Gold Yellow_.--Dye with 3 lb. Anthracene Yellow B N, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 3 lb. acetic acid; after half an hour's boil, add 1-1/2 lb.

bichromate of potash, work for half an hour longer.

_Gold Yellow_.--Dye with 2 lb. Indian Yellow R, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid.

GREEN SHADES ON WOOL.

Of green shades there is an infinite variety, and these can be dyed in several ways. Either a simple green dye-stuff may be used or mixtures of blue and yellow dye-stuffs may be employed, this latter method being extremely common. It is somewhat interesting to notice that, notwithstanding the great prevalence of green in Nature, the dyer has at his command no natural green dye-stuff, but must, if he prefers to adopt natural dye-stuffs, use a mixture of blue and yellow dye-stuffs to produce green shades. There are but few green colouring (p. 127) matters derived from coal tar: Gambine, Dinitroso-resorcine, Alizarine Green, Brilliant Green, Malachite Green, Azo Green, Fast Green, Naphthol Green, Acid Green, Diamine Green, Benzo Green almost exhaust the list. Compared with the numerous red and blue dyes which are obtained from coal-tar products, green dyes are conspicuous by their fewness. On the other hand, the dyer has in the blue and yellow dyes from coal tar a means of producing any tint or shade of green he may require.

Members of all the cla.s.ses of basic, direct, acid, azo and mordant dyes, can be found among the dye-stuffs which can be used in dyeing green, and the methods and principles of their application have been fully described in previous pages. The following recipes contain all the practical information that is needed:--

#With Direct Dyes.# _Dark Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 1 lb. t.i.tan Blue 3 B, 1 lb. t.i.tan Yellow Y, 2 lb. salt, and 1/2 lb. acetic acid.

_Bright Green_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 1 lb. t.i.tan Yellow G, 1 lb.

t.i.tan Blue 3 B, 20 lb. salt, and 1/2 lb. acetic acid, working at the boil for one hour.

_Dark Green_.--Make a dye-bath with 4 lb. Acid Blue 4 S, 2 lb. t.i.tan Yellow Y, and 5 lb. acetate of ammonia, working at the boil to shade.

_Blue Green_.--Make the dye-bath with 6 lb. Acid Blue 4 S, 2-1/2 lb.

t.i.tan Yellow Y, and 5 lb. acetate of ammonia, working at the boil to shade.

_Bottle Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 5 lb. Acid Blue 4 S, 2-1/2 lb. t.i.tan Yellow Y, and 5 lb. acetate of ammonia, working at the boil to shade. The greens shown in the last three recipes are of a very satisfactory character, and show how, by the use of acetate of ammonia in the dye-bath, the direct dyeing t.i.tan colours can be combined with acid colours.

_Green_.--Make the dye-bath with 5 lb. Glauber's salt, 5 lb. (p. 128) acetate of ammonia, 2 lb. Sulphon Cyanine, and 1-1/2 lb. Chrysophenine.

_Dark Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 2 lb. Sulphon Cyanine, 3/4 lb. Chrysophenine, 5 lb. Glauber's salt, and 5 lb. acetate of ammonia.

_Pale Russian Green_.--Make the dye-bath with 1/2 lb. Sulphon Cyanine, 2-1/2 oz. Chrysophenine, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt.

The last three shades have the merit of being fast to milling, and fairly so to light.

_Olive_.--Make a dye-bath with 1 lb. Nyanza Black B, 1 lb. Chrysamine, and 20 lb. Glauber's salt. Work at the boil to shade, lift, wash and dry.

#With Acid Dyes.# _Blue Green_.--Make a dye-bath with 10 lb. Glauber's salt, 2 lb. sulphuric acid, 2 lb. Patent Blue N, and 1 lb. Azo Yellow, working at the boil.

_Sage Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 10 lb. Glauber's salt, 2 lb.

sulphuric acid, 2 lb. Azo Yellow, and 1 lb. Patent Blue N, working at the boil.

_Olive Green_.--Make the dye-bath with 3 lb. Naphthol Green B, 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, 15 lb. bisulphate of soda, and 1 lb. copperas, working at the boil to shade.

_Bright Green_.--Make the dye-bath with 10 lb. Glauber's salt, 5 lb.

bisulphate of soda, and 1-1/2 lb. Acid Green B, working at the boil to shade.

_Emerald Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 1/2 lb. Acid Green B, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid. The wool might also be previously mordanted with 15 lb. hyposulphite of soda, and 5 lb.

sulphuric acid at the boil for one and a half hours, when it will give a bright shade of emerald green.

_Gra.s.s Green_.--Dye a medium indigo bottom on the wool from the vat, then dye in a bath with 1 lb. Milling Yellow O, 5 lb. Glauber's salt, and 5 lb. bisulphate of soda; lift, wash and dry.

The last recipe shows the use of the indigo vat in giving the blue (p. 129) const.i.tuent in dyeing greens and other compound colours on wool. This, while being a very effective method of dyeing, yet necessitates two operations which add very materially to the cost of dyeing such shades, hence it is not used for dyeing low cla.s.s woollen fabrics, but for better cla.s.s goods it is frequently adopted, fast colours being thus obtained.

In thus using the indigo vat as a bottom dye regard to the properties of indigo must be paid in carrying out any subsequent dyeing operation, so that the indigo on the fibre be not destroyed. As a rule, the indigo will resist any ordinary baths made with Glauber's salt, acetate of ammonia, sulphuric or acetic acids, but it will not resist mordanting operations with bichromate of potash, for the latter salt destroys the indigo. Fluoride of chrome, chrome acetate, or alum, may be used as mordants if necessary.

_Pale Sea Green_.--The dye-bath contains 1 oz. Cyanine B, 1 oz. Azo Yellow, 5 lb. Glauber's salt, and 1 lb. sulphuric acid.

_Moss Green_.--The dye-bath is made with 1/2 oz. Chromotrop 2 R, 2 oz.

Cyanine B, 4 oz. Fast Acid Blue R, 3-1/4 oz. Azo Yellow, 5 lb. acetic acid, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt.

_Deep Moss Green_.--Prepare the dye-bath with 4-1/2 oz. Cyanine B, 9 oz. Fast Acid Blue R, 4-1/2 oz. Azo yellow, 1/2 oz. Chromotrop 2 R, 5 lb. acetic acid, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt.

_Blue Green_.--A very fine shade of blue green is dyed with 9-1/2 oz.

Cyanine B, 1-1/4 lb. Fast Acid Blue R, 4 oz. Azo Yellow, 5 lb. acetic acid, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt.