Studies in Civics Part 52

[Footnote c: May be extended by special vote.]

[Footnote d: General a.s.sembly.]

[Footnote e: House of Delegates.]

[Footnote f: General Court.]

[Footnote g: Two sess. annually, in May and Oct.]

[Footnote h: "One for each county."--State Const.]

[Footnote i: New Mexico in December.]

[Footnote j: Quadrennially in general session, with sp. sess midway between.]

[Footnote 1: State const.i.tution.]

[Footnote 2: Senate and house of representatives.]

[Footnote 3: "Not more than."--Const.i.tution.]

COMPARATIVE EXECUTIVE TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Note: These pages were modified slightly from their original form. The originals were printed lengthwise (landscape-style) across both pages to take maximum advantage of s.p.a.ce. As this cannot be done in an ASCII medium, the table has had line numbers added to it like the Legislative Table above (which _was_ done in the original), and will be shown in continuing pieces.]

+===+===============+=============================================+ | |STATES. | GOVERNOR. | | | +----------------+------+----------+----------| | | |Qualifications. |Term. |Salary. |Election. | | | | |years.| | | +===+===============+================+======+==========+==========+ |1 |Alabama |30,c,r7[a] |2 |$3,000 |P[b] | |2 |Arkansas |30,c,r7 |2 | 3,500 |P | |3 |California |30,c,r2 |4 | 6,000 |P | |4 |Colorado |30,c,r2 |2 | 5,000 |P | |5 |Connecticut |30,voter |2 | 4,000 |M[d] | |6 |Delaware |30,C12,c6[4][i] |4[h] | 2,000[1] |P | |7 |Florida |C 9,c3 |4 | 3,500 |P | |8 |Georgia |30,C15,C6 |2 | 3,000[1] |M | |9 |Idaho |30,c,r2 |2 | 3,000 |P | |10 |Illinois |30,C5,c5 |4 | 6,000[1] |P | |11 |Indiana |30,C5,r5 |4[h] | 5,000 |P | |12 |Iowa |30,C,r2 |2 | 3,000 |P | |13 |Kansas |............... |2 | 3,000 |P | |14 |Kentucky |35,C,r6 |4[h] | 6,500[1] |P | |15 |Louisiana |C,r2 |4[h] | 4,000 |P | |16 |Maine |30,C,r5[f] |2 | 2,500 |M[d] | |17 |Maryland |30,c10,r5 |4 | 4,500[1] |P | |18 |Ma.s.sachusetts |37,Christian |1 | 8,000 |M[d] | |19 |Michigan |30,C5,r2 |2 | 4,000 |P | |20 |Minnesota |25,C,r1 |2 | 5,000 |P | |21 |Mississippi |30,C20,r2 |4 | 4,000[1] |P | |22 |Missouri |35,C10,r7 |4 | 5,000[1] |P | |23 |Montana |30,C,r2 |4 | 5,000 |P | |24 |Nebraska |30,C2,c2 |2 | 2,500 |P | |25 |Nevada |25,C,r2 |4 | 5,000 |P | |26 |New Hampshire |30,r7 |2 | 2,000 |M[d] | |27 |New Jersey |30,C20,r7 |3[h] |10,000 |P | |28 |New York |30,C,r5 |2 |10,000[1] |P | |29 |North Carolina |30,C5,r2 |4 | 3,000[1] |P | |30 |North Dakota |30,C,c,r5 |2 | 3,000 |P | |31 |Ohio |Voter |2 | 8,000 |P | |32 |Oregon |30,C,r3 |4 | 1,500 |P | |33 |Pennsylvania |30,r7 |4 |10,000[1] |P | |34 |Rhode Island |Voter,c |1 | 3,000 |M[d] | |35 |South Carolina |30,C2,c,r2 |2 | 3,500[1] |P | |36 |South Dakota |30,c,c,r2 |2 | 2,500 |P | |37 |Tennessee |30,C,c7 |2 | 4,000 |P | |38 |Texas |30,C,r5 |2 | 4,000[1] |P | |39 |Utah |30,c,r5 |4 | 2,000 |P | |40 |Vermont |Voter |2 | 1,500 |M | |41 |Virginia |30,c,r3 |4[h] | 5,000[1] |P | |42 |Washington |C,c |4 | 4,000 |P | |43 |West Virginia |Voter |4 | 2,700 |P | |44 |Wisconsin |Voter |2 | 5,000 |P | |45 |Wyoming |30,C,r5 |4 | 2,500 |P | |46 |Territories |Partisan |4 | 2,600 |A[j] | +===+===============+================+======+==========+==========+

COMPARATIVE EXECUTIVE TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Notes: Next set of columns, continuing table.]

+===+===========================+==================================+ | | Lieut. Gov. |Usual Administrative Officers | +---+------------+--------------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | |Term and |Succession to |Secretary |State |State | | |Salary |Governorship |of state |Treasurer |Auditor or | | | | | | |Comptroller| +===+============+==============+===========+==========+===========+ |1 |None |P,S[3] |2, 1800 |2, 2150 |2, 1800 | |2 |None |P,S |2, 1800 |2, 2250 |2, 2250 | |3 |4, 3000 |L,P |4, 3000 |4, 3000 |4, 3000 | |4 |2, 1000 |L,P,S[e] |2, 3000 |2, 3000 |2, 2000 | |5 |2, 500[2] |L,P,S |2, 1500 |2, 1500 |2, 1200 | |6 |None |P,S |4, 1000[j] |2, 1450 |4, 200 | |7 |4, 500 |L,P |4, 1500 |4, 2000 |4, 1500 | |8 |None. |P |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 | |9 |2, $7.50/day|L,P,S |2, 1800 |2, 1000 |2, 2000 | |10 |4, 1000 |L,P |4, 3500 |2, 3500 |4, 3500 | |11 |4, $8/day[2]|L,P |2, 2000 |2, 3500 |2, 2500 | |12 |2, 1100 |L,P,S |2, 2200 |2, 2200 | 1500 | |13 |2, $6/day |L,P,S |2, 2000 |2, 2500 |2, 2500 | |14 |4, |L,P,S |4, 1500 |2, 2400 |4, 500 | | |$10/day[2] | | | | | |15 |4, $8/day |L,P |4, 1800 |4, 2000 |4, 3000 | |16 |None. |P,S |2, 1200 |2, 1600 |2, 1000 | |17 |None. |P,S |4, 2000 |2, 2500 |4, 3000 | |18 |1, 200 |L. Council |1, 3000 |1, 5000 |1, 4000 | |19 |2, 1200 |L,P |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 3000 | |20 |2, $10/day |L,P |2, 3500 |2, 3500 |2, 3500 | |21 |4, 800[2] |L,P,S |4, 2500 |4, 2500 |4, 2500 | |22 |4, $5/day[2]|L,P,S |4, 3000 |4, 3000 |....... | |23 |4, $12/day |L,P,S |4, 3000 |4, 3000 |4, 3000 | |24 |2, $6/day |L,P,S |2, 2000 |2, 2500 |2, 2500 | |25 |Lib. |L,P |4, 3000 |4, 3000 |4, 3000 | | |4, 2700 | | | | | |26 |None. |P |2, 800 |2, 1800 |....... | |27 |None. |P |5, 6000 |3, 6000 |3, 6000 | |28 |3, 5000 |L,P |2, 5000 |2, 5000 |2, 6000 | |29 |4, $8/day |L,P |4, 2000 |4, 3000 |4, 1500 | |30 |2, 1000 |L,Sec |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 | |31 |2, 800 |L,P |2, 3000 |2, 3000 |4, 3000 | |32 |Sec St. |L,P |4, 1500[g] |4, 800 |....... | | |ex-officio | | | | | |33 |4, 3000 |L,P | 4000[j] |2, 5000 |3, 3000 | |34 |1, 500 |L,P |1, 3500 |1, 2500 |1, 1500 | |35 |2, 1000 |L,P |2, 2100 |2, 2100 |2, 2100 | |36 |2, $10/day |L,Sec |2, 1800 |2, 1800 |2, 1800 | |37 |None. |P,S |4, 1800 |2, 2750 |2, 2750 | |38 |2, $5/day |L,P | 2000[j] |2, 2500 |2, 2500 | |39 |None. |Sec,P |4, 2000 |4, 1000 |4, 1500 | |40 |2, $6/day |L |2, 1700[j] |2, 1700 |2, 2000[j] | |41 |4, 900 |L |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 3000 | |42 |4, 1000 |L |4, 2500 |4, 2000 |4, 2000 | |43 |None |P,S |4, 1000 |4, 1400 |4, 2000 | |44 |2, 1000 |L,Sec,S |2, 5000 |2, 5000 | | |45 |None |Sec |4, 2000 |4, 2000 |4, 2000 | |46 |....... |....... |4, 1800 |2, varies |2, varies | +===+============+==============+===========+==========+===========+

COMPARATIVE EXECUTIVE TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Notes: Next set of columns, continuing table.]

+===+===========================================+ | | Usual Administrative Officers. | +---+-----------+----------------+--------------+ | |Attorney |Supt. of Public |Railroad | | |General |Instruction |Commissioners | +===+===========================================+ |1 |2, 1500 | 2250[j] |2, 3000[c] | |2 |2, 1500 |2, 1600 |Gov., Sec. | |3 |4, 3000 |4, 3000 |4, 4000 | |4 |2, 2000 |2, 3000 |.......... | |5 |2, 1200 |2, 3000 |2, 3000 | |6 |4, 200 |4, 1500 |.......... | |7 |4, 1500 |4, 1500 |.......... | |8 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 2500 | |9 |2, 2000 |2, 1500 |.......... | |10 |4, 3500 |4, 3500 |2, 3500 | |11 |2, 2500 |2, 2500 |.......... | |12 | 1500 |2, 2200 |3, 3000 | |13 |2, 2500 |2, 2000 |3, 3000 | |14 |4, 500 |4, 2400 |2, 2000 | |15 |4, 3000 |4, 2000 |.......... | |16 |2, 1000 |3, 1000 |3, 1000 | |17 |4, 3000 |2, 2500 |.......... | |18 |1, 4000 |1, 3400 |3, 3500 | |19 |2, 3000 |2, 2000 |2, $10/day | |20 |2, 3500 |2, 2500[j] |3, 3000 | |21 |4, 2500 |4, 2000 |3, 2500 | |22 |....... |4, 3000 |6, 3000 | |23 |4, 3000 |4, 2500 |.......... | |24 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |.......... | |25 |4, 3000 |4, 2400 |.......... | |26 |5, 2200 |2, 2500 |3, 2500 | |27 |5, 7000 |3, 3000 |.......... | |28 |2, 5000 |3, 5000 |3, 8000 | |29 |4, 2000 |4, 1500 | | |30 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 |2, 2000 | |31 |2, 2000 |3, 2000 |2, 2000 | |32 | |4, 1500 |.......... | |33 | 3500[j] |4, 2500 |.......... | |34 |1, 4500 | 3000[j] |1, 500 | |35 |2, 2100 |2, 2100 |6, 3000 | |36 |2, 1000 |2, 1800 |.......... | |37 |6, 3000 |2, 1300 | | |38 |2, 2000 |2, 2500 |2, 3000 | |39 |4, 1500 |4, 1500 |.......... | |40 |.......... |2, 1400 |2, 500[j] | |41 |4, 2500 |4, 2500 | 3000 | |42 |4, 2000 |4, 2500 |.......... | |43 |4, 1300 |4, 1500 |.......... | |44 |2, 3000 |2, 3500 |2, 3000 | |45 |.......... |4, 2000 |.......... | |46 |.......... |2, varies |.......... | +===+===========+================+==============+

[Footnote a: That is, 30 years old, a citizen of the state, and a resident thereof 7 years.]

[Footnote b: Plurality or majority to elect.]

[Footnote c: There are three railroad commissioners each in Ala., Cal., Conn., Ga., Ill., Iowa, Kan., Ky., Me., Ma.s.s., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.D., N.H., N.Y., S.C; one in other states.]

[Footnote d: In case no one has a majority, election goes to legislature.]

[Footnote e: That is, the order of succession is Lieutenant Governor, President of Senate, Speaker of House.]

[Footnote f: Governor must be native citizen of U.S.]

[Footnote g: In Oregon the Secretary of State is also ex-officio Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, and one of the Land Commissioners.]

[Footnote h: Ineligible for succeeding term.]

[Footnote i: In Delaware, North Carolina, Ohio, and Rhode Island the Governor has no veto.]

[Footnote j: Appointed.]

[Footnote 1: In these thirteen states the Governor also has the use of the "Executive Mansion" of the state.]

[Footnote 2: In these states the Lieutenant Governor may debate in "committee of the whole."]

[Footnote 3: That is, the order of succession is President of Senate, Speaker of House.]

[Footnote 4: Thirty years old; citizen of the United States, 12; and of the state, 6 years. In Me., Ma.s.s., N.H., and Vt. the Governor is a.s.sisted by an executive council of 7, 8, 12, and 5 members respectively.]

COMPARATIVE JUDICIAL TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Note: This table is formatted in the same way as the Executive and Legislative Tables above it. See notes above for details. In addition, places where the scanned text is illegible are marked with a "*".]

+=====+=================+=========================================+ | | | Supreme Court | | | +----------+----------+-----------+-------+ | | | |Chief | | | | |States. |Members |Justice |Election |Term | +=====+=================+==========+==========+===========+=======+ |1 |Alabama |3 |A |P'ple |6 | |2 |Arkansas |3 |A |P |8 | |3 |California |7 |C |P |12 | |4 |Colorado |3 |C |P |9 | |5 |Connecticut |5 |A |Leg. |8 | |6 |Delaware |5 |A |Gov. |Life | |7 |Florida |3 |A |Gov. |Life | |8 |Georgia |3 |A |Leg. |12 | |9 |Idaho |3 |C |P |6 | |10 |Illinois |7 |B |P |9 | |11 |Indiana |5 |B |P |6 | |12 |Iowa |5 |C |P |6 | |13 |Kansas |3 |A |P |6 | |14 |Kentucky |4 |C |P |6 | |15 |Louisiana |5 |A |Gov. |12 | |16 |Maine |8 |A |Gov. |7 | |17 |Maryland |9 |A |P |15 | |18 |Ma.s.sachusetts |7 |A |Gov. |Life | |19 |Michigan |5 |A |P |10 | |20 |Minnesota |5 |A |P |6 | |21 |Mississippi |3 |A |Gov. |9 | |22 |Missouri |5 |A |P |10 | |23 |Montana |3 |A |P |6 | |24 |Nebraska |3 |C |P |6 | |25 |Nevada |3 |A |P |6 | |26 |New Hampshire |7 |A |Gov. |till 70| |27 |New Jersey |9 |A |Gov. |7 | |28 |New York |7 |A |P |14 | |29 |North Carolina |3 |A |P |8 | |30 |North Dakota |3 |C |P |6 | |31 |Ohio |* |A |P |5 | |32 |Oregon |4 |C |P |6 | |33 |Pennsylvania |7 |C |P |21 | |34 |Rhode Island |6 |A |Leg. |Life | |35 |South Carolina |3 |A |Leg. |6 | |36 |South Dakota |3 |B |P |6 | |37 |Tennessee |5 |A |P |8 | |38 |Texas |3 |A |P |6 | |39 |Utah |3 |C |P |6 | |40 |Vermont |* |* |Leg. |2 | |41 |Virginia |* |B |Leg. |12 | |42 |Washington |3 |C |P |6 | |43 |West Virginia |4 |A |P |12 | |44 |Wyoming |3 |C |P |8 | |45 |Territories |3-6 |A |Pres. |4 | +=====+=================+==========+==========+===========+=======+

COMPARATIVE JUDICIAL TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Notes: Next set of columns, continuing table.]

+====+=================================+===========================+ | | Supreme Court | Circuit Court | | +----------+---------+------------+---------+----------+------+ | | | |Qualifi- |Juris- | | | | |Meetings |Salary |cations |diction |Election |Term | +====+==========+=========+============+=========+==========+======+ |1 |1 |$ 3600 |25 |L |P |6 | |2 |2 | 3000 |30,C,r2,L8 |L |P |4 | |3 |[3] | 6000 |.......... |LE |P |6 | |4 |2 | 5000 |30,C,r2,LL |LE |P |6 | |5 |6[1] |{ 4500 |.......... |LE |........ |8 | | | |{ 4000 | | | | | |6 |2 |{ 2500 |.......... | Held by S.C. Judges. | | | |{ 2200 | | | | | |7 |3 | 3000 |.......... |LE |Gov. |6 | |8 |2 | 3000 |30,c3,L7 |LE |P |4 | |9 |4 | 3000 |30,C,r2 |LE |P |4 | |10 |6[1] | 5000 |30,C,r5 |LE |P |4 | |11 |2 | 5000 |.......... |LE |P |6 | |12 |4 | 4000 |.......... |LE |P |4 | |13 |11 | 3000 |.......... |LE |P |4 | |14 |2 | 4000 |30,C,r2,L8 |LE |P |6 | |15 |4 | 5000 |.......... |L |P |4 | |16 |3 | 3000 |.......... | By Judges Supreme Ct. | |17 |[3] | 3500 |30,c5,LL |LE |P |15 | |18 |[3] | 3000 |.......... |L |Gov. |Lf. | |19 |4 | 5000 |.......... |LE |P |6 | |20 |2 | 5000 |.......... |LE |P |6 | |21 |2 | 3500 |30,c2 |L |Gov. |6 | |22 |2 | 4500 |30,C,c5,LL |LE |P |6 | |23 |3 | 4000 |30,C,r2,LL |LE |P |4 | |24 |2 | 2500 |30,C,r3 |LE |P |4 | |25 |4 |{ 7000 |.......... |LE |P | | | | |{ 6000 | | | | | |26 |2 |{ 3500 |.......... | Held by Judges of Sup. Ct.| | | |{ 3300 | | | | | |27 |3 |{10000 |.......... |L |Leg |5 | | | |{ 9000 | | | | | |28 |2 | 12500 | | Held by Judges of Sup. Ct.| |29 |2 | 2500 | | | | | |30 |3 | |30,C,r3,LL |LE |P |4 | |31 |1 | 5000 | | |P |5 | |32 |2 | 2000 | |LE |P |6 | |33 |3 |{ 8*00 | |L |P |10 | | | |{ | | | | | |34 |* |{ **00 | | Held by Judges of Sup. Ct.| | | |{ *000 | | | | | |35 |2 |{ 4000 |30,C,r5 |L |Leg |4 | | | |{ 3500 | | | | | |36 |2 | 2500 |30,C,r2,LL |LE |P |4 | |37 |3 | 4000 |30,r5 |L |P |8 | |38 |3 | 3500 |30,C,c,L7 |LE |P |4 | |39 |3 | 3000 |30,LL,r5 |L |P |4 | |40 | | 3000 | | Held by Judges of Sup. Ct.| |41 |3 |{ 3*50 | |LE |Leg |8 | | | |{ *000 | | | | | |42 |[3] | 4000 | |[1]LE |P |4 | |43 |3 | 2250 | |LE |P |8 | |44 |2 | |30,C,r3,L9 |LE |P |6 | |45 | | 3000 | |LE |Judges of S.C. | +====+==========+=========+============+=========+==========+======+

COMPARATIVE JUDICIAL TABLE OF THE STATES.

[Transcriber's Notes: Next set of columns, continuing table.]

+===+=========================+======================+===============+ | | Probate Court | Justice Court | Remarks | | +---------+---------+-----+--------+-------+-----+---------------+ | |Juris- |Election |Term |Juris- |Number |Term |(Munic.i.p.al and | | |diction | | |diction | | |Special courts | | | | | | | | | not given) | +===+=========+=========+=====+========+=======+=====+===============+ |1 |Pr.[2] |P'ple |6 |$100 |2 |.... |Chancery. | |2 |Pr.[2] |P |2 | 100 |2 |2 |Com. Pleas. | |3 |Pr.[2]L |P |4 | 300 |2 |2 |Naturalization | |4 |Pr.[2]C |P |3 | 300 |...... |2 | in County | | | | | | | | | Court | |5 |........ |..... |.... | 100 |...... |.... |Common Pleas, | | | | | | | | | less than $500| |6 | Held by the Chancellor | 100 |...... |.... |Chancery. | |7 |Pr. & L |Gov. |4 | 100 |Gov. |4 | | |8 |Pr.[2] |P |4 | 100 |P |4 |Superior Ct. | | | | | | | | | between. C. | | | | | | | | | and S.C. | |9 |Pr.[2] |P |.... | 300 |...... |.... | | |10 |Pr.[2] |P |4 | 200 |...... |4 |Appellate | | | | | | | | | Courts | |11 | In Circuit Court | 200 |...... |4 | compos'd of | | | | | | | | | Circuit Judges| |12 | In Circuit Court | 100 |...... |.... |By consent of | | | | | | | | | parties, $300.| |13 |Pr.[2] |P |2 | 300 |2 |2 | | |14 |Pr.[2] |P |4 | 50 |2 |4 | | |15 |Pr. $500 |..... |.... | 100 |...... |2 |No equity | | | | | | | | | proceedings in| | | | | | | | | La. | |16 |Pr.[2]L |..... |.... | 50 |...... |.... |Probate Court | |17 |Pr. |P |6 | 100 |Gov. |2 | also Court of | | | | | | | | | Insolvency. | |18 |Pr.[2]L |Gov. |Lf. | 300 |Gov. |7 |Probate Court | |19 |P. |P |4 | 300 |4 |4 | also Court of | | | | | | | | | Insolvency. | |20 |Pr.[2] |P |2 | 100 |2 |2 | | |21 | In Chancery Court | 150 |[4] |2 |Chancery. | |22 |Pr. |P |.... | 150 |[5] |.... | | |23 |........ |..... |.... | 300 |2 |.... | | |24 |Pr.[2]L |P |2 | 100 |2 |2 | | |25 | | | | 300 | | | | |26 |Pr. | | | 100 | | | | |27 | | | | 100 | | |Chancellor, | | | | | | | | | $10,000. | |28 |Pr. |P | | 200 | | |Probate Court | | | | | | | | | called | | | | | | | | | "Surrogate" | |29 |Clk Superior Ct acts as | 200 | | |Cir. Ct called | | | Probate Judge | | | | "Superior Ct."| |30 |Pr.[2]L | | | 200 | | | | |31 |Pr.[2] |P |3 | 100 | |3 |There is a | | | | | | | | | Court of | |32 |Pr.[2] |P |4 | 250 | | | Common Pleas | |33 |Pr.[2] |P | | 100 |2 | |Prob. Ct called| |34 |Town Councils are Prb Cts| 100 | | | "Orphan's Ct."| |35 |Pr.[2] |P |2 | 100 |[4] | | | |36 |Pr.[2]L |P |2 | 100 | |2 | | |37 |Pr. | | | 100 |2 | | | |38 |Pr.[2] |P |2 | 200 |1 |6 |Just. of Peace | | | | | | | | | are County | | | | | | | | | Com'rs and | | | | | | | | | Prob. Ct. | |39 | District Judges | | |2 |Ct of Appeals | | | | | | | | | below S.C. | |40 |Pr.[2]L | |2 | 200 | |2 |Chancery Court | | | | | | | | | by Judges of | | | | | | | | | S.C. | |41 |Pr.[2] |Leg |6 | 100 | | | | |42 | | | | | | | | |43 |Pr.[2] |P |4 | 100 |2 |4 |Two J.P.s | | | | | | | | | a.s.sociated | | | | | | | | | with Pr. J in | | | | | | | | | holding court | |44 | | | | 200 |[5] | | | |45 |Pr.[2] | | | 100 | | | | +===+=========+=========+=====+========+=======+=====+===============+

The three modes of selecting the Chief Justice are by electing or appointing one as such, by leaving the judges themselves to determine which shall act, or by a provision making the one whose term expires first act. These modes are indicated in the table by A, B, and C, respectively.

In the salary column, where two numbers appear, the upper is the salary of the Chief Justice. In giving jurisdiction of Circuit courts, L means law only, LE means jurisdiction in both law and equity, 30, C, c, L7 means 30 years old, a citizen of the US and of the state, and seven years legal practice. LL means "learned in the law".

In Me, Ma.s.s, N.H., and S.D., the Supreme Court is required to give legal advice to the Governor.

[Footnote 1: Called Superior Court, at least one in each county. This court also exercises the Probate powers.]

[Footnote 2: Probate Court given some other duty, unrelated to its regular function. L means that it has also certain civil jurisdiction.]

[Footnote 3: Continuous.]