Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Part 45

To the truth of these Relations, not onely the said _Joseph Shute_ and _Maria Stert_, have put the one his name, the other her Mark, the third and seventh of _January_, 1666. but also Sir _William Strode_, and Mr.

_Colepresse_ have subscribed the same, as believing the Relation to be true.

_An Account of two Books._

__I. ISMAELIS BULLIALDI_ ad Astronomos Monita duo: Primum, De Stella Nova, quae in Collo Ceti ante annos aliquot visa est. Alterum, De Nebulosa in Andromeda Cinguli parte Borea, ante biennium iterum orta._

The chief end of the _Author_ in publishing this Tract, seems to be, To excite Astronomers to a diligent observation, both of that _New Star_ in the _Neck_ of the _Whale_, to be seen in _February_ and _March_ next; and of that other, in the Northern part of _Andromeda's Girdle_, to be seen at this very present.

As to the _former_ of these Stars, _he affirms_, that, as it hath appeared for many years in the said place, so it will in the beginning of _March_ next appear equal to the Stars of the _third Magnitude_, or perhaps bigger; and that about the end of the same Month, if the Crepuscle do not hinder, the greatest _Phasis_ of it will appear, if so be, that it keep the same a.n.a.logy of Motions and Periods, which it observed from _An._ 1638. to _An._ 1664. Where he takes notice of the Causes, why its two greatest Appearances could not be seen, _An._ 1664, 1665, 1666; and how he {382} comes to know, that in the beginning of _March_ next, It will equal, or even exceed the Stars of the _Third Magnitude_; noting, that from the Observations. .h.i.therto made of this Star, it is manifest, that the _greatest Phases_ thereof do every year antic.i.p.ate by 32. or 33. dayes; forasmuch as _An._ 1660. its _greatest Appearance_ was about the end of _October_ and the beginning of _November_; _An._ 1661. about the end of _September_, or the beginning of _October_; _An._ 1662. about the end of _August_, &c. so that this year it must be in _March_, if the former a.n.a.logy do hold.

He collects also from the Observations, That one _Period_ from the _greatest Phasis_ to the next, consists of about 333. dayes: but that the interval of the time betwixt the times of its beginning to appear equal to the Stars of the _Sixt Magnitude_, and of its ending to do so, consists of about 120. dayes: And that its _greatest Appearance_ lasts about 15. dayes: All which yet he would have understood with some lat.i.tude.

This done, he proceeds to the investigation of the Causes of the Vicissitudes in the Emersion and Dis-appearance of this Star, and having discoursed, That the apparent Increase and Decrement of every Lucid Body proceeds _either_ from its changed distance from the Eye of the Observer; _or_ from its various site and position in respect of him, whereby the angle of Vision is changed; or from the increase or diminution of the bulk of the lucid body it self: and having also demonstrated it impossible, that this Star should move in a _Circle_, or in an _Ellipsis_; and proved it improbable that it should move in a _Strait Line_, he concludes, that there can be no other genuin, or at least, no other more probable cause of its Emersion and Occultation, than this, That the bigger part of that round Body is obscure and inconspicuous to us, and its lesser part lucid, the whole Body turning about its own Center, and one Axe; whereby for one determinate s.p.a.ce of time it exhibits its lucid part to the Earth, for another, subducts it: it not being likely, that fires should be kindled in the Body of that Star, and that the matter thereof should at certain times take fire and shine, at other times be extinguisht upon the consumption of that matter.

_So far of that Star._ As to the other in the _Girdle_ of _Andromeda_, seen about the beginning of _An._ 1665; he relates, that, when in the end of 1664. the World beheld the then appearing _Comet_, {383} Astronomers observed also this new _Phaenomenon_, which was called by them _Nebulosa in Cingulo Andromedae_. Concerning which, he notes, that the same had been already seen many years before by _Simon Narius_, vid. _An._ 1612. when with a _Telescope_ he search'd for the _Satellits_ of _Jupiter_, and observed their motions; alledging for proof hereof, the said _Authors_ own words, out of his own Book, _De Mundo Joviali_, publisht _An._ 1614. And farther shews, that it hath formerly appear'd (about 150. years ago) and been taken notice off by an expert, though Anonymous, Astronomer; whose words he cites out of a _Ma.n.u.script_, brought out of _Holland_ by the Excellent _Jacobus Augustus Thua.n.u.s_, returning from his Emba.s.sy to _Paris_; wherein also was marked the _Figure_ of that _Phaenomenon_; represented in print by our Author: who from all this collects, that, whereas this Star hath been seen formerly, and that 150. years since, but yet neither observed by _Hipparchus_, nor any other of the Antients, that we can find; nor also in the former Age by _Tycho Brahe_, nor in our Age, by _Bayerus_; and appear'd also in the Month of _November_ last (wherein he wrote this _Tract_) much lessened and obscure, after it had, two years ago, shone very bright; that therefore it must needs appear and dis-appear by turns, like those in the _Necks_ of the _Whale_ and _Swan_.

__II._ ENTRIENS sur les Vies et sur les Ouvrages_ Des plus excellens Peintres, Anciens et Modernes, par Monsieur_ FELIBIEN._

This Author, having first discoursed of that Royal Pallace the _Louvre_, and the Designs of finishing it; pa.s.ses on to the Art of _Picturing_, and treats of the three princ.i.p.al things, wherein a good Master of the Art must excel, _vid._ the Composition, Designing, and Laying on of Colours, which done, he ravels into the Origine, and deduces the Progress of Painting, and relates what is most remarkable in the Lives of the Antient Painters: And among many particulars, he observes in the Life of _Andreas de Sarte_, how difficult it is, to judge well of a Picture; relating, that a Duke of _Mantua_, having obtained of _Clement_ VII. a Pourtrait of _Leo_ X. which had been done by _Raphael Urbin_, and was at _Florence_, those of that Town being unwilling to lose so excellent a {384} piece, caused a Copy thereof to be made by the said _Andreas de Sarte_, which they sent instead of the Original. This _Copy_ was so perfect, that _Julio Romano_, who had been bred and taught by _Raphael_, and was one of the best Painters of _Italy_, took it for an _Original_; and would never have been undeceived, if one _Vasari_ had not a.s.sured him, that it was but a Copy, which himself had seen made, and had not shew'd him certain marks, that were there put to discriminate it from the Original.

In the _Second_ Part, the Author has set down all that is requisite to judge and discourse well of Painting. But, to add Examples to Precepts, he discourses of the _Modern_ Painters, and making a Description of their best Works, he takes occasion to observe, what is there found most excellent, and to shew, how they have put in practice the Rules of Art. He treats also of the declining of Painting, and affirms, that nothing considerable hath been done in it from the time of _Constantine_, till _An._ 1240. when one, _Cimabue_, began to raise this Art again. After this, he give a List of the Painters, that since have been famous for their Works, preferring before all others, _Raphael Urbin_. The last of all is the above-mention'd _Andre de Sartes_, who died, _An._ 1530. and whom the liberality of _Francis_ I.

had drawn into _France_.

The Printing of these Tracts is now return'd to the first Printer thereof, as being somewhat re-setled after the late sad Fire of _London_.

_FINIS._

In the _SAVOY_, Printed by _T. N._ for _John Martyn_, Printer to the _Royal Society_, and are to be sold at his Shop a little without Temple-Bar, 1667.

{385}

_Numb._ 22.

PHILOSOPHICAL _TRANSACTIONS._

_Monday_, _February_ 11. 1666.

The Contents.

_Trials proposed to be made for the Improvement of the Experiment of _Transfusing Blood out of one live Animal into another_. A Method for _Observing the Eclipses of the Moon_, free from the Common Inconveniences. An Account of some Celestial Observations lately made at _Madrid_. Extract of a Letter, lately written to the Publisher, containing some observations about _Insects_ and their Inoxiousness, &c. An Account of some Books, _vid._ _I. TOME TROISIEME DES LETTRES DE M. DESCARTES. II. ASTRONOMIA REFORMATA P. RICCIOLI. III. ANATOME MEDULLae SPINALIS ET NERVORUM_, inde provenientium, _GERARDI BLASII_, M.D. An Advertis.e.m.e.nt about the re-printing of M. _Evelyns_ Sylva and Pomona. A _Table_ of the _Transactions_, printed these two years._

_Tryals proposed by Mr. _Boyle_ to Dr. _Lower_, to be made by him, for the Improvement of Tranfusing blood out of one live Animal into another; promised _Numb. 20. p. 357_._

The following _Queries_ and _Tryals_ were written long since, and read about a Moneth ago in the _R Society_, and do now come forth against the Authors intention, at the earnest desire of some Learned Persons, and particualrly of the worthy _Doctor_, to whom they were addressed; who thinks, they may excite and a.s.sist others in a matter, which, to be well prosecuted, will require many hands. At the reading of them, the _Author_ declared, that of divers of them he thought he could fore-see the Events, but {386} yet judged it fit, not to omit them, because the Importance of the _Theories_, they may give light to, may make the Tryals recompence the pains, whether the success favour the _Affirmative_ or the _Negative_ of the Question, by enabling us to determine the one or the other upon surer grounds, than we could otherwise do. And this Advertis.e.m.e.nt he desires may be applied to those other Papers of his, that consist of _Quaeries_ or proposed _Tryals_.

_The _Quaeries_ themselves follow._

1. Whether by this way of Transfusing Blood; the disposition of Individual Animals of the same kind, may not be much altered? (As whether a _fierce_ Dog, by being often quite new stocked with the blood of a _cowardly_ Dog, may not become more tame; _& vice versa, &c_?)

2. Whether immediately upon the unbinding of a Dog, replenisht with advent.i.tious blood, he will know and fawn upon his Master; and do the like customary things as before? And whether he will do such things better or worse at some time after the Operation?

3. Whether those Dogs, that have _Peculiarities_, will have them either abolisht, or at least much impaired by transfusion of blood? (As whether the blood of a _Mastiff_, being frequently transfused into a _Blood-hound_, or a _Spaniel_, will not prejudice them in point of scent?)

4. Whether acquired Habits will be destroy'd or impair'd by this Experiment? (As whether a Dog, taught to fetch and carry, or to dive after Ducks, or to sett, will after frequent and full recruits of the blood of Dogs unfit for those Exercises, be as good at them, as before?)

5. Whether any considerable change is to be observ'd in the Pulse, Urin, and other Excrements of the _Recipient_ Animal, by this Operation, or the quant.i.ty of his insensible Transpiration?

6. Whether the _Emittent_ Dog, being full fed at such a distance of time before the Operation, that the ma.s.s of blood may be suppos'd to abound with _Chyle_, the _Recipient_ Dog, being before hungry, will lose his appet.i.te, more than if the _Emittent_ Dogs blood had not been so chylous? And how long, upon a {387} Vein opened of a Dog, the admitted blood will be found to retain _Chyle_?

7. Whether a Dog may be kept alive without eating by the frequent Injection of the Chyle of another, taken freshly from the Receptacle, into the Veins of the _Recipient_ Dog?

8. Whether a Dog, that is _sick_ of some disease chiefly imputable to the ma.s.s of blood, may be cured by exchanging it for that of a _sound_ Dog? And whether a _sound_ Dog may receive such diseases from the blood of a _sick_ one, as are not otherwise of an infectious nature?

9. What will be the Operation of frequently stocking (which is feasible enough) an _old_ and feeble Dog with the blood of _young_ ones, as to liveliness, dulness, drowsiness, squeamishness, &c., _et vice versa_?

10. Whether a _small_ young Dog, by being often fresh stockt with the blood of a young Dog of a _larger_ kind, will grow bigger, than the ordinary size of his own kind?

11. Whether any Medicated Liquors may be injected together with the blood into the _Recipient_ Dog? And in case they may, whether there will be any considerable difference found between the separations made on this occasion, and those, which would be made, in case such Medicated Liquors had been injected with some other Vehicle, or alone, or taken in at the mouth?

12. Whether a Purging Medicine, being given to the _Emittent_ Dog a while before the Operation, the _Recipient_ Dog will be thereby purged, and how?

(which Experiment may be hugely varied.)

13. Whether the Operation may be successfully practis'd, in case the injected blood be that of an Animal of another _Species_, as of a _Calf_ into a _Dog_, &c. and of a _Cold_ Animal, as of a _Fish_, or _Frog_, or _Tortoise_, into the Vessels of a _Hot_ Animal, and _vice versa_?

14. Whether the _Colour_ of the Hair or Feathers of the _Recipient_ Animal, by the frequent repeating of this Operation, will be changed into that of the _Emittent_?

15. Whether by frequently transfusing into the same Dog, the blood of some Animal of another _Species_, something further, and more tending to some degrees of a change of _Species_, may {388} be effected, at least in Animals near of Kin; (As Spaniels and Setting Dogs, Irish Grey-hounds and ordinary Grey-hounds, &c?)