Latin for Beginners Part 47

SUPINE (Active Voice) _Acc._ [[latum]]

_Abl._ [[latu]] ]

<425.>> The dative is the case of the indirect object. Many intransitive verbs take an indirect object and are therefore used with the dative (cf. --153). Transitive verbs take a direct object in the accusative; but sometimes they have an indirect object or dative as well. _The whole question, then, as to whether or not a verb takes the dative, defends upon its capacity for governing an indirect object._ A number of verbs, some transitive and some intransitive, which in their simple form would not take an indirect object, when compounded with certain prepositions, have a meaning which calls for an indirect object. Observe the following sentences:

1. >, _this circ.u.mstance brought great disaster to the army._

2. >, _the Germans make war upon the Gauls._

3. >, _these troops did not take part in the battle._

4. >, _the hors.e.m.e.n meet the fleeing enemy._

5. >, _Galba put his son in command of the troops._

In each sentence there is a dative, and in each a verb combined with a preposition. In no case would the simple verb take the dative.

<426.>> RULE. > _Some verbs compounded with >, >, >, >, >,

>,

>,

>, _{>, >, admit the dative of the indirect object. Transitive compounds may take both an accusative and a dative._}

NOTE 1. Among such verbs are[1]

>, _report; grant, confer_ >, _be wanting, be lacking_ >, _bring against, bring upon_ >, _take part in_ >, _run against, meet_

>, _appoint over, place in command of_

>, _be over, be in command_

[Footnote 1: But the accusative with > is used with some of these, when the idea of _motion to_ or _against_ is strong.]

<427.>> IDIOMS

> or >, _to be annoyed at, to be indignant at_, followed by the accusative and infinitive > or >, with the accusative, _to betake one's self to_

>, _to retreat_ (lit. _to bear back the foot_)

<428.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Fer, ferent, ut ferant, ferunt. 2. Ferte, ut ferrent, tulisse, tulerant. 3. Tulimus, ferens, latus esse, ferre. 4. c.u.m navigia insulae adpropinquarent, barbari terrore commoti pedem referre conati sunt.

5. Galli moleste ferebant Romanos agros vastare. 6. Caesar sociis imperavit ne finitimis suis bellum inferrent. 7. Exploratores, qui Caesari occurrerunt, dixerunt exercitum hostium vulneribus defessum sese in alium loc.u.m contulisse. 8. Hostes sciebant Romanos frumento egere et hanc rem Caesari summum periculum adlaturam esse. 9. Impedimentis in unum loc.u.m conlatis, aliqui militum flumen quod non longe aberat transierunt. 10. Hos rex hortatus est ut oraculum adirent et res auditas ad se referrent. 11. Quem imperator illi legioni praefecit? Publius illi legioni pracerat. 12. c.u.m esset Caesar in citeriore Gallia, crebri ad eum[2] rumores adferebantur litterisque quoque certior fiebat Gallos obsides inter se dare.

II. 1. The Gauls will make war upon Caesar's allies. 2. We heard that the Gauls would make war upon Caesar's allies. 3. Publius did not take part in that battle. 4. We have been informed that Publius did not take part in that battle. 5. The man who was in command of the cavalry was wounded and began to retreat. 6. Caesar did not place you in command of the cohort to bring[3] disaster upon the army.

[Footnote 2: Observe that when

[Footnote 3: Not the infinitive. (Cf. --352.)]

LESSON LXXIV

VOCABULARY REVIEW THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS

<429.>> Review the word lists in ----517, 518.

<430.>> When we report a statement instead of giving it directly, we have an indirect statement. (Cf. --414.) So, if we report a question instead of asking it directly, we have an indirect question.

DIRECT QUESTION INDIRECT QUESTION _Who conquered the Gauls? He asked who conquered the Gauls_

_a._ An indirect question depends, usually as object, upon a verb of asking (as

>,

>, >, >) or upon some verb or expression of saying or mental action. (Cf. --420.)

<431.>> Compare the following direct and indirect questions:

DIRECT INDIRECT

> { _a._ > _Who is conquering the_ { _He asks who is conquering the_ _Gauls?_ { _Gauls_ { _b._ > { _He asked who was conquering_ { _the Gauls_

{ _a._ > > { _He asks where Rome is_ _Where is Rome?_ { _b._ > { _He asked where Rome was_

{ _a._ > { _He asks whether Caesar conquered_ > { _the Gauls_ _Did Caesar conquer the_ { _b._ > { _He asked whether Caesar had_ { _conquered the Gauls_

_a._ The verb in a direct question is in the indicative mood, but the mood is subjunctive in an indirect question.

_b._ The tense of the subjunctive follows the rules for tense sequence.

_c._ Indirect questions are introduced by the same interrogative words as introduce direct questions, excepting that_yes_-or-_no_ direct questions (cf. --210) on becoming indirect are usually introduced by >, _whether_.

<432.>> RULE. > _In an indirect question the verb is in the subjunctive and its tense is determined by the law for tense sequence._

<433.>> IDIOMS

>, _about the third watch_ >, _to inflict injuries upon some one_ >, with the ablative, _to speak in behalf of_ >, _for the future_

<434.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Rex rogavit quid legati postularent et cur ad se venissent.

2. Quaesivit quoque num nec recentis iniurias nec dubiam Romanorum amicitiam memoria tenerent. 3. Videtisne quae oppida hostes oppugnaverint? 4. Nonne scitis cur Galli sub montem sese contulerint?

5. Audivimus quas iniurias tibi Germani intulissent. 6. De tertia vigilia imperator misit homines qui cognoscerent quae esset natura montis. 7. Pro his orator verba fecit et rogavit cur consules navis ad plenem summi periculi loc.u.m mittere vellent. 8. Legatis convocatis demonstravit quid fieri vellet. 9. Nuntius referebat quid in Gallorum concilio de armis tradendis dictum esset. 10. Moneo ne in reliquum tempus pedites et equites trans flumen ducas.

II. 1. What hill did they seize? I see what hill they seized. 2. Who has inflicted these injuries upon our dependents? 3. They asked who had inflicted those injuries upon their dependents. 4. Whither did you go about the third watch? You know whither I went. 5. At what time did the boys return home? I will ask at what time the boys returned home.

LESSON LXXV

VOCABULARY REVIEW THE DATIVE OF PURPOSE, OR END FOR WHICH

<435.>> Review the word lists in ----521, 522.

<436.>> Observe the following sentences:

1. >, _the scouts chose a place for a camp._

2. >, _this was_ (for) _a great hindrance to the Gauls._

3. >, _he left two legions as_ (lit. _for_) _a guard to the camp._

In each of these sentences we find a dative expressing the _purpose or end for which_ something is intended or for which it serves. These datives are >, >, and

>. In the second and third sentences we find a second dative expressing the _person or thing affected_ (> and >). As you notice, these are true datives, covering the relations of _for which_ and _to which_. (Cf.