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LESSON LXII
THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF PURPOSE
<348.>> Observe the sentence
The verb <349.>> RULE. <350.>> A clause of purpose is introduced as follows: I. If something is wanted, by II. If something is not wanted, by <351.>> EXAMPLES 1. 2. > _They ask for peace in order that they may return home_ 3. > _They build a bridge that they may take the town more easily_ (lit. _by which the more easily_) 4. <352.>> >. Be on your guard and do not let the English idiom betray you into this error. <353.>> EXERCISES I. 1. Veniunt ut { ducant, mittant, videant, audiant, { ducantur, mittantur, videantur, audiantur. 2. Fugimus ne { capiamur, tradamur, videamus, { necemur, rapiamur, resistamus. 3. Mitt.i.t nuntios qui { dicant, audiant, veniant, { narrent, audiantur, in concilio sedeant. 4. Castra muniunt { sese defendant, impetum sustineant, quo facilius { hostis vincant, salutem petant. II. 1. The Helvetii send amba.s.sadors to seek[1] peace. 2. They are setting out at daybreak in order that they may make a longer march before night. 3. They will hide the women in the forest (_acc. with_ bravely lest they be destroyed. [Footnote 1: Not infinitive.] [Footnote 2: Not accusative.] LESSON LXIII INFLECTION OF THE IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES <354.>> The imperfect subjunctive may be formed by adding the personal endings to the present active infinitive. CONJ. I CONJ. II CONJ. III CONJ. IV ACTIVE 1. ama'rem mone'rem re'gerem ca'perem audi'rem 2. ama'res mone'res re'geres ca'peres audi'res 3. ama'ret mone'ret re'geret ca'peret audi'ret 1. amare'mus monere'mus regere'mus capere'mus audire'mus 2. amare'tis monere'tis regere'tis capere'tis audire'tis 3. ama'rent mone'rent re'gerent ca'perent audi'rent Pa.s.sIVE 1. ama'rer mone'rer re'gerer ca'perer audi'rer 2. amare'ris monere'ris regere'ris capere'ris audire'ris (-re) (-re) (-re) (-re) (-re) 3. amare'tur monere'tur regere'tur capere'tur audire'tur 1. amare'mur monere'mur regere'mur capere'mur audire'mur 2. amare'mini monere'mini regere'mini capere'mini audire'mini 3. amaren'tur moneren'tur regeren'tur caperen'tur audiren'tur _a._ In a similar way inflect the imperfect subjunctive, active and pa.s.sive, of <355.>> The imperfect subjunctive of the irregular verb { 1. es'sem { 1. esse'mus SING. { 2. es'ses PLURAL { 2. esse'tis { 3. es'set { 3. es'sent <356.>> The three great distinctions of time are _present_, _past_, and _future_. All tenses referring to present or future time are called >, and those referring to past time are called In Latin the law of tense sequence is obeyed with considerable regularity, especially when an indicative in the princ.i.p.al clause is followed by a subjunctive in the dependent clause. Then a primary tense of the indicative is followed by a primary tense of the subjunctive, and a secondary tense of the indicative is followed by a secondary tense of the subjunctive. Learn the following table: <357.>> TABLE FOR SEQUENCE OF TENSES +-----+-------------------+-------------------------------------------+
PRINc.i.p.aL VERB
DEPENDENT VERBS IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE
P
IN THE +---------------------+---------------------+
R
INDICATIVE
_Incomplete or_
_Completed Action_
I
_Continuing Action_
M +-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
A
Present
R
Future
Present
Perfect
T
Future perfect
+-----+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
S D
E A
Imperfect
C R
Perfect
Imperfect
Pluperfect
O Y
Pluperfect
N-
+-----+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ <358.>> RULE. <359.>> EXAMPLES I. Primary tenses in princ.i.p.al and dependent clauses: { _sends_ } { _that they may_ } _He_ { _will send_ } _men_ { _in order to_ } { _will have sent_ } { _to lay waste the fields_ } II. Secondary tenses in princ.i.p.al and dependent clauses: { _was sending_ } { _that they might_ } _He_ { _sent or has sent_ } _men_ { _in order to_ } { _had sent_ } { _to lay waste the fields_ } <360.>> EXERCISES I. 1. Venerant ut {ducerent, mitterent, viderent, audirent, {ducerentur, mitterentur, viderentur, audirentur