Latin for Beginners Part 19

[Special Vocabulary]

VERB >, _conquer, overcome_ (insuperable)

NOUNS >, f., _care, trouble_ >, m., _place, spot_ (location). > is neuter in the plural and is declined >, etc.

>, n., _danger, peril_

ADVERBS >, _always_ >, _yet, nevertheless_

PREPOSITIONS >, with abl., _down from; concerning_

>, with acc., _through_

CONJUNCTION >, _if_

<172.>> Review the active voice of >, present, imperfect, and future, and learn the pa.s.sive of the same tenses (--492).

_a._ The present forms > and > are like >.

_b._ In like manner inflect the pa.s.sive of > and >.

<173.>> > The infinitive mood gives the general meaning of the verb without person or number; as,

<174.>> The forms of the Present Infinitive, active and pa.s.sive, are as follows:

CONJ. PRES. PRES. INFINITIVE PRES. INFINITIVE STEM ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE

I. > mone're, mone'ri, _to advise_ _to be advised_ III. > re'gere, re'gi, _to rule_ _to be ruled_ > ca'pere ca'pi, _to take_ _to be taken_ IV.

1. Observe that to form the present active infinitive we add <-re>> to the present stem.

_a._ The present infinitive of > is >. There is no pa.s.sive.

2. Observe that the present pa.s.sive infinitive is formed from the active by changing final <-e>> to <-i>>, except in the third conjugation, which changes final <-ere>> to <-i>>.

3. Give the active and pa.s.sive present infinitives of >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >

<175.>> The forms of the Present Imperative, active and pa.s.sive, are as follows:

ACTIVE[1] Pa.s.sIVE CONJ. SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL I. > mone'te mone're, mone'mini, _be thou advised_ _be ye advised_ III. > re'gite re'gere, regi'mini, _be thou ruled _ _be ye ruled_ > ca'pite ca'pere, capi'mini, _be thou taken_ _be ye taken_ IV.

1. Observe that the second person singular of the present pa.s.sive imperative is like the present active infinitive, and that both singular and plural are like the second person singular[2] and plural, respectively, of the present pa.s.sive indicative.

2. Give the present imperative, both active and pa.s.sive, of the verbs in --174.3.

[Footnote 1: For the sake of comparison the active is repeated from --161.]

[Footnote 2: That is, using the personal ending <-re>>. A form like

<176.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 289.

I. 1. Tum Perseus alis ad terras multas volabit. 2. Monstrum saevum per aquas properat et mox agros nostros vastabit. 3. Si autem Cepheus ad oraculum properabit, oraculum ita respondebit. 4. Quis telis Persei superabitur? Multa monstra telis eius superabuntur. 5. c.u.m curis magnis et lacrimis multis agricolae ex domiciliis caris aguntur. 6. Multa loca vastabantur et multa oppida delebantur. 7. Monstrum est validum, tamen superabitur. 8. Credesne semper verbis oraculi? Ego iis non semper credam. 9. Parebitne Cepheus oraculo? Verba oraculi ei persuadebunt.

10. Si non fugiemus, oppidum capietur et oppidani necabuntur. 11. Vocate pueros et narrate fabulam claram de monstro saevo.

II. 1. Fly thou, to be cared for, be ye sent, lead thou. 2. To lead, to be led, be ye seized, fortify thou. 3. To be hurled, to fly, send thou, to be found. 4. To be sent, be ye led, to hurl, to be taken. 5. Find thou, hear ye, be ye ruled, to be fortified.

LESSON x.x.x

SYNOPSES IN THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS THE ABLATIVE DENOTING _FROM_

[Special Vocabulary]

VERBS

>, _hold together, hem in, keep_ (contain) >, _depart, go away, leave_, with separative abl.

>, _lack, need, be without_, with separative abl.

>, _kill_

>, _restrain, keep from_ (prohibit) >, _wound_ (vulnerable)

NOUNS

>, f., _province_ >, n., _wine_

ADJECTIVE >, _weary, worn out_

ADVERB >, _far, by far, far away_

[Footnote A: This verb governs the dative because the idea of _nearness to_ is stronger than that of _motion to_. If the latter idea were the stronger, the word would be used with

<177.>> You should learn to give rapidly synopses of the verbs you have had, as follows:[1]

CONJUGATION I CONJUGATION II INDICATIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE _Pres._ a'mo a'mor mo'neo mo'neor _Imperf._ ama'bam ama'bar mone'bam mone'bar _Fut._ ama'bo ama'bor mone'bo mone'bor

[Footnote 1: Synopses should be given not only in the first person, but in other persons as well, particularly in the third singular and plural.]

CONJUGATION I CONJUGATION II IMPERATIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE _Pres._ a'ma ama're mo'ne mone're

INFINITIVE _Pres._ ama're ama'ri mone're mone'ri

CONJUGATION III CONJUGATION III (<-io>> verbs) INDICATIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE _Pres._ re'go re'gor ca'pio ca'pior _Imperf._ rege'bam rege'bar capie'bam capie'bar _Fut._ re'gam re'gar ca'piam ca'piar

IMPERATIVE _Pres._ re'ge re'gere ca'pe ca'pere

INFINITIVE _Pres._ re'gere re'gi ca'pere ca'pi

CONJUGATION IV INDICATIVE ACTIVE Pa.s.sIVE _Pres._ au'dio au'dior _Imperf._ audie'bam audie'bar _Fut._ au'diam au'diar

IMPERATIVE _Pres._ au'di audi're

INFINITIVE _Pres._ audi're audi'ri