English Histories - The Six Wives of Henry VIII Part 18

The tale of Anne catching Henry with Jane Seymour on his knee comes fromThe Life of Jane Dormerand Sanders, and may well have some basis in fact. Wriothesley's Chronical says that Anne's fright at the King's fall caused her to miscarry of a son. Anne's miscarriage is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar, Hall, George Wyatt,The Life of Jane Dormerand Sanders, and her comment to her ladies afterwards 600comes fromL & P.The Spanish Calendar, in particular the dispatches of Chapuys, is a major source for the fall of Anne Boleyn. Jane Seymour's rise to prominence is noted in the Bodleian MSS. Jesus College, Oxford. Henry's courtship and the jealousy between Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour is recorded in the Spanish Calendar andThe Life of Jane Dormer.For Sir Nicholas Carew, see R. Mich.e.l.l'sThe Carews of Beddington(London Borough of Sutton Libraries and Arts Services, 1981), which also gives details of Beddington Park, where Jane stayed before her marriage. The plot against Anne Boleyn is described by Lancelot de Carles et al. and by Milherve in his Metrical History. Coverdale's Bible, with its inscription to Anne, is in the British Library.L & Pmentions Cromwell sounding out the Bishop of London on the subject of a royal divorce. Henry's letter to Pace on the likelihood of his having male heirs is in the State Papers. The proposed trip to Calais is mentioned in the State Papers and the Lisle Letters. For Matthew Parker, see his Correspondence (mentioned above) and V. J. K. Brook'sA Life of Archbishop Parker(1962). The Spanish Chronicle refers to Smeaton's newly acquired wealth. The torturing of Smeaton is hinted at by George Constantine, body servant to Sir Henry Norris in the Tower, in hisMemorial(inArchaeologia),and the Spanish Chronicle gives unauthenticated details. For the May Day jousts, see Hall and Wriothesley.

Anne Boleyn's committal to the Tower is described in Sir John Hay ward'sLife of King Edward the Sixth(1630), but the best contemporary source for this and her imprisonment are the dispatches of Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower, to Thomas Cromwell, which give a day-by-day account of Anne's stay there. They are to be found in the Cotton MSS. in the British Library. Henry's nocturnal jaunts are described in the Lisle Letters. The arrests and imprisonment in the Tower of Rochford, Weston, Brereton, Norris, Wyatt and Page are described in theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,an almost contemporary French ma.n.u.script (Bibliotheque Nationalc, Paris; before 1550). Wyatt's spurious confession is related by the Spanish Chronicle and Sanders. The information given by the Spanish Chronicle about these events is notoriously untrustworthy. George Boleyn's distress is noted inL & P.George Constantine avers Brereton's innocence. The King's 601new hairstyle is recorded in Stow'sAnnals.

The trial of Anne's so-called lovers is described by Hall and Wriothesley, and the Lisle Letters record public speculation as to the fate of the accused. Wriothesley records the breaking up of Anne's household. Anne's trial is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, Wriothesley, the Harleian MSS. in the British Library, theBaga de Secretisin the Public Record Office (in which are preserved all the surviving doc.u.ments relating to the trials of Anne11 and her brother), Cobbett'sState Trials,and theReports of Sir John Spelman(ed. J. A. Baker, Sclden Society, 93, 94, 1977-8) - Spelman attended Anne's trial. The belief of the people in Anne's innocence is attested to by Chapuys in the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, George Constantine, William Camden and Sir John Spelman, all of whom refer to the unfairness of the trial. For Rochford's trial, see Spelman, Wriothesley, the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, George Constantine,Excerpta Historica,Lancelot de Carles et al., Cobbett, and theBaga de Secretis.The sentence on Rochford is recorded inL & P.Thomas Fuller names Lady Rochford as a princ.i.p.al witness for the Crown.

I!.

Henry's announcement that he foresaw Anne's downfall is quoted inL & P.The execution of the male prisoners is described by Hall, Wriothesley, the Spanish Calendar, George Constantine, theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,the Lisle Letters, and Milherve's Metrical History. Rochford's scaffold speech appears in three versions: quoted;} variously by George Constantine, Wriothesley, and the Spanish Chronicle. Anne's reaction to Smeaton's confession is related by Lancelot de Carles et al. and Milherve. The case papers for the annulment of Anne's marriage to Henry have disappeared, but see Wriothesley's Chronicle and Ives'sAnne Boleyn.The cost of erecting the scaffold and Anne's expenses in the Tower are listed inL & P.For Anne's execution, see the Spanish Calendar, the Lisle Letters,L & P,theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,Lancelot de Carles et al., Milherve, George Wyatt, Sir John Spelman, Hall, the Harleian MSS. in the British Library, Wriothesley, the Spanish Chronicle, Foxe. andThe Chronicle of Calais in the Reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, to the year 1540(attributed to Richard Turpin; ed. J. G. Nichols, Camden Society, x.x.xV, 1846).

For the tomb of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, see the 602guidebook to St Peter's Church, Hever, Kent. For Elizabeth Howard's tomb in the Howard Aisle of Lambeth Church, seeThe History of the Parish of Lambethbyj. Nichols (1786).

12.

The Spanish Calendar, chiefly the dispatches of Chapuys, is a major source for this chapter. Jane Seymour's former service as maid of honour to both Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn is recorded by Chapuys and Wriothesley. Hall notes that Henry wore mourning for Anne Boleyn. For the marriage of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, see Wriothesley's Chronicle and the Lisle Letters. Wriothesley incorrectly gives the date as 20 May and the place as Chelsea; the Lisle Letters have the correct date and place. Wriothesley describes Jane's first appearance as queen. Chapuys and Lord Herbert describe how she looked and dressed. The Act of Succession 1536 is reproduced inThe StatutesandRotuli Parliamentorum.For John Hill seeL & P.Stow'sLondondescribes the King and Queen attending the marching-watch ceremony. Henry's reconciliation with Mary is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar,L & Pand Wriothesley; Wriothesley describes their meeting at Hackney. For Holbein's portraits of Jane Seymour, seeHolbein and the Court of Henry VIII(Exhibition Catalogue, The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace, 1978). Hall describes the King and Queen's trip on the ice. Mary's reception at court is recounted in the Belvoir MSS. (Historical MSS. Commission, report XII, appendix IV, vol. I, the Duke of Rutland's Papers). For Jane's patronage of the Royal Hospital of St Katherineby-the-Tower, see Hall, and Catherinejamison,The History of the Royal Hospital of St Katherine by the Tower of London(1952).

Confirmation of the Queen's pregnancy is recorded in the State Papers, and the thanksgiving services for it inL & P.The Lisle Letters give details of the pregnancy, Jane's fancy for quails, and details of her household and the dress of her maids of honour. The prayers for Jane when in labour are mentioned by Wriothesley. For the birth of Prince Edward, see Hall,The Chronicle and Political Papers 603of King Edward VI(ed. W. K. Jordan, Allen and Unwin, 1966), and Jack Dewhurst'sRoyal Confinements(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980), which explodes once and for all the theory - quoted by Harpsfield and Sanders - that Edward was born by Caesarean section. Wriothesley describes the celebrations in London in honour of the birth, and Hall describes the christening. Both chroniclers mention the enn.o.blement of Jane's brothers. Prayers of intercession for the Queen's life are referred to by Wriothesley. Her death is recorded inL & P,Wriothesley, Hall, the journal of Edward VI, and Foxe, and her obsequies are described in the State Papers and Hall's Chronicle.

13 I like her not!

For Henry VIII's search for a fourth wife and abortive negotiations in this connection, seeL & P.From 1537 onwards, the dispatches of the French amba.s.sador, Marillac, are a rich source of information on the period, especially with regard to Henry's wives, but Marillac is not always a reliable source. There are few dispatches from Chapuys relating to this period: he had been recalled to Spain when relations between England and the Empire deteriorated after the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Lisle Letters offer some fascinating information about the domestic life of the court at this time: Henry's piety, his friendship with Anne Ba.s.sett, courtly festivities, Prince Edward, and the selection of ladies for the new Queen's household. For further details of the childhood of Prince Edward, seeL & Pand the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library. For the Exeter conspiracy, see Horatia Durant'sSorrowful Captives(Griffin Press, 1960).

For the emba.s.sy to Cleves, see Hall, Foxe and the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library. TheAllgemeine Deutsche Biography vols 1 and 14(Duncker and Humbolt, Berlin, 1967-71) provides good genealogical details of the family of Anne of Cleves. Anne's journey to England is described in the State Papers, the dispatches of Marillac, and the Lisle Letters. Thomas Wriothesley's opinion of Anne is inL & P.Anne's reception in Calais is described in Hall's Chronicle and the Lisle Letters, and her arrival in Dover by Hall and 604r William Lambard inA Perambulation of Kent(1576); her progress through Kent is described by Hall. Henry's visit to Rochester is related inL & P,the State Papers, and Hall's Chronicle, and his displeasure and attempts to get out of his marriage contract are chronicled in the State Papers. Marillac describes the preparations for Anne's reception on Shooter's Hill, which event is detailed by Hall, the Lisle Letters, Lambard, and the Cotton MS. Vespasian in the British Library. For the banquet afterwards, see Hall.

Henry's decision to go through with the marriage is recorded in the State Papers. Hall describes the marriage ceremony and the events immediately afterwards. Henry's inability to consummate the marriage is attested to in the State Papers. For Anne's secretary, seeProceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council.Anne's presence at the jousts is recorded by Hall, who also tells of the return of the foreign n.o.bles to Cleves and Anne's reception in London. For Lord Edmund Howard's letter, see the Lisle Letters. Cromwell's fall is chronicled by Marillac and Hall. The May jousts are referred to in Hall and Stow'sLondon.Anne's banishment to Richmond is mentioned by Hall and Marillac.

Henry's affair with Katherine Howard is detailed by Marillac and Foxe. For her date of birth, see Marillac's dispatches, the Spanish Chronicle, andA Tudor Tragedyby Lacey Baldwin-Smith. The pet.i.tion for the examination of the validity of the King's marriage to Anne of Cleves is inthe Journals of Parliament for the Reign of Henry VIII(publishedc.1742), and the decision to refer the matter to the clergy is recorded in the State Papers. The debate in the Lords is described inthe Journals of Parliament,as is the annulment of the marriage; for this, see also Hall and Foxe. The reaction of the Duke of Cleves is recorded by Lord Herbert, and his doubts over Henry's treatment of Anne are mentioned in the State Papers. Anne's request to see Elizabeth is referred to by Leti. Anne's contentment is vouched for hy--Marillac. The execution of Cromwell is described by Hall.

605.

Henry VIII's marriage to Katherine Howard is mentioned by Hall and Foxe. Hall also describes the executions of Fetherston, Powell and Abell. Henry's armour in the Tower measures 54" around the girth. Anne of Cleves's merriment and Henry's visit to her are described by Marillac. Katherine's first appearance as Queen is recorded by Hall; her new clothes and caprices are referred to in the Spanish Chronicle. For a description of the Lady Mary, see Marillac's dispatches and the Venetian Calendar. Katherine Howard's household is detailed in the State Papers. The priest's slander is reported in Acts of the Privy Council. Henry's amorous behaviour is attested to by Marillac. Richard Jonas's The Birth of Mankind The Birth of Mankind (1540), a treatise on birth and midwifery, is dedicated to Katherine Howard. The private life of Henry and Katherine is recorded by Marillac, who also gives details of Anne of Cleves's visits to court. Henry's gifts to Katherine are referred to in (1540), a treatise on birth and midwifery, is dedicated to Katherine Howard. The private life of Henry and Katherine is recorded by Marillac, who also gives details of Anne of Cleves's visits to court. Henry's gifts to Katherine are referred to in L & P. L & P.

Henry and Katherine's separation in the spring of 1541 is deduced from information in Acts of the Privy Council; Marillac describes the King's depression and illness. The release of Wyatt is mentioned in the Spanish Calendar and the State Papers (note that Chapuys was now back in England). Rumours of a reconciliation between Henry and Anne of Cleves are reported in L & P. L & P. Margaret Pole's execution is described by Chapuys. Dereham's appointment as Katherine's secretary, and his row with Mr John are reported in L Margaret Pole's execution is described by Chapuys. Dereham's appointment as Katherine's secretary, and his row with Mr John are reported in L & P, & P, as are details of the progress of autumn 1541. Marillac mentions Prince Edward's illness. For the testimonies of Lascelles and Hall, see the State Papers. Henry and Katherine's return to Hampton Court is mentioned by Hall, and the thanksgiving service for the King's marriage is referred to in the Acts of the Privy Council. Hall tells of Cranmer's letter to Henry. Henry's initiation of an enquiry into the conduct of the Queen is recorded in Acts of the Privy Council, and the investigations arising from this are recorded in the Spanish Calendar, the Acts of the Privy Council, the State Papers, and as are details of the progress of autumn 1541. Marillac mentions Prince Edward's illness. For the testimonies of Lascelles and Hall, see the State Papers. Henry and Katherine's return to Hampton Court is mentioned by Hall, and the thanksgiving service for the King's marriage is referred to in the Acts of the Privy Council. Hall tells of Cranmer's letter to Henry. Henry's initiation of an enquiry into the conduct of the Queen is recorded in Acts of the Privy Council, and the investigations arising from this are recorded in the Spanish Calendar, the Acts of the Privy Council, the State Papers, and L & P. L & P.

606r

15.

Hall, the Acts of the Privy Council, and the State Papers describe Katherine's banishment to Syon and her life there. The discharge of her household is related in Wriothesley's Chronicle. For the Council being informed of the proceedings against the Queen, and the debates over the action to be taken, see the State Papers and Proceedings of the Privy Council. The interrogations and testimonies of the suspects and witnesses are recorded in the State Papers,L & P,and Hall's Chronicle. Pollino mentions Culpeper's beauty.L& Prefers to Katherine being deprived of the trappings of queenship and degraded. The arraignment of her lovers is described in Marillac's dispatches,L & Pand the State Papers. Marillac and Chapuys both testify to Henry's grief. His refusal to commute Dereham's sentence is recorded in the State Papers and Acts of the Privy Council. Dereham's confession, obtained under torture, is in the State Papers. Harpsfield says people were saying that Katherine and Dereham were worthy to be hanged one against the other. The State Papers report the rumours of Anne of Cleves's pregnancy. For the execution of Katherine's lovers, see Hall and Wriothesley. The account of Nikander Nucius in the Spanish Calendar (1546) is the authority for the heads of the Queen's lovers being displayed on spikes on London Bridge.

The committal of members of the Howard family to the Tower, their arraignments and their ultimate fates are all described in the State Papers, the Acts of the Privy Council, the journals of Parliament and Hall's Chronicle. For Henry's advancing stoutness, see Marillac. Hall records the pa.s.sing of the Act of Attainder for treason against the Queen and Lady Rochford; the Act is in the House of Lords Record Office. Chapuys and the Journals.of Parliament report Katherine's refusal to plead before the Lords. The Spanish Calendar describes Katherine's last days at Syon and speculation as to her fate. Hall and the journals of Parliament confirm that Henry's a.s.sent to the Attainder was given under Letters Patent. His recovery from his grief and flirtation with ladies of the court is doc.u.mented by Chapuys. The journals of Parliament record 607Katherine being informed of the sentence of death pa.s.sed on her. Her removal to the Tower is described by Chapuys andL & P;Chapuys tells how she sent for the block. For Otwell Johnson's letters, and Katherine's last days in the Tower, see Barbara Winchester'sTudor Family Portrait(1955), also the Lisle Letters. Katherine's execution is described by Chapuys, Marillac, Hall and Foxe; spurious details are given by the Spanish Chronicle and Leti.

16.

The dispatches of Chapuys are one of the chief sources for Henry VIII's domestic life during this period. Henry's health is described by Andrew Boorde inA Breviary of Health(1542; ed. F. J. Furnivall, Early English Texts Society, London, 1870), and his happier frame of mind by Chapuys. For Scottish affairs, see Hall and Byrne. For the affairs of the Lady Mary, see the dispatches of Marillac, the Venetian Calendar and the Spanish Calendar. Negotiations for the marriage of Katherine Parr to Henry Scrope are described by Strickland. For Katherine Parr's Throckmorton relations, see A. L. Rowse'sRaleigh and the Throckmortons(Macmillan, 1962), and for Anne Parr, see Sir Tresham Lever'sThe Herberts of Wilton(1967). Snape Hall is described inCollectanea.For William Parr's matrimonial entanglements, see Hall, the Spanish Calendar and the Complete Peerage. Chapuys records that Henry used emotional blackmail to win Katherine's sympathy. His corpulence is described by Sir John Spelman.

Katherine Parr's religious zeal is mentioned by Foxe, and there is ample evidence for it in the two tracts published by her:Prayers and Meditations(1545) andThe Lamentations of a Sinner(1547). Her character is discussed in the Spanish Calendar, the Spanish Chronicle and Foxe's Book of Martyrs. A poem by her in French is in the Cecil Papers at Hatfield House, and corroborates contemporary references to her ability to speak French. The special licence for her marriage is in the State Papers, and the ceremony itself is described by Hall.

609.

17.

For the character of Sir Thomas Seymour, see Hay ward. The) j character of the Lady Elizabeth is described in theLife of Jane Dormer.j!

Hall records Katherine's wish to marry Seymour. For Katherine's iij house at Chelsea, see Mary Cathcart Borer'sTwo Villages: The Story of Chelsea and Kensington(W. H. Allen, 1973) and Thea Holme's|i Chelsea(Hamish Hamilton, 1972). Katherine's marriage to Seymour If!

is mentioned by Edward VI in his journal, which also refers to the!( offence taken by Lord Protector Somerset and the Council; see also''( the indictment of Lord Sudeley, 1549, in the State Papers. William'k Camden relates the feud between Katherine and the d.u.c.h.ess of ;'

Suffolk. For a description of Lady Jane Grey, see the letter of BaptistIj Spinola, 10 July 1553, in the Genoese Archives. There are two;j excellent modern biographies of Jane: Hester W. Chapman'sLady; Jane Grey(Jonathan Cape, 1962) and Alison Plowden'sLady Jane, Grey and the House of Suffolk(Sidgwick andjackson, 1985). Udall'sj praise is recorded in hisThe First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of!

Erasmus upon the New Testament(1548).'{ Details of the affair between Seymour and Elizabeth are to bei, found in the State Papers (Deposition of Katherine Ashley, January[ 1549, Deposition of Thomas Parry, January, 1549, and Deposition of the Lady Elizabeth, January, 1549). The rumours that Elizabeth boreI; the Admiral a child are referred to inThe Life of Jane Dormer.

Elizabeth's illness is recorded in the State Papers. Sudeley Castle isj1 described by Leland inCollectanea;for Throckmorton's descriptionIf of it as a second court see Rowse. Katherine's death and funeral are'

recorded inA Breviate of the Interment of the Lady Katherine Parr,;|hiQueen Dowager, late wife to King Henry VIIIetc.,a ma.n.u.script in the Royal College of Arms.

For the later life of Anne of Cleves, the best sources are the State Papers and Strickland, who quotes most of the relevant doc.u.ments relating to Anne. See also Fuller'sChurch History.For Anne's funeral, see the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library.

The inventory of effects belonging to Katherine Parr's daughter is in the Lansdowne MSS. and is reproduced by Strickland, who also 610.

quotes all the evidence for and against the child growing to maturity. The fortunes of Katherine Parr's tomb and corpse are recounted by Treadway Russell Nash inOn the Time of Death and Place of Burial of Queen Katherine Parr(1876), and also by Martiensson and Strickland.

611Genealogical Tables 612.

613.

614.

615.

616.

617.

618.

619.

620.

621.

Abcll, Thomas, 220, 233-4, 263, 266, 283, 432.

Alcala dc Hcnarcs, Spain, 19 Alcares, Sr, 27 Aldrich, Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, 370 Aless, Alexander, 279, 314, 334-5 Alfonso, Infante of Portugal, 20 Alhambra, Palace of the, Granada, Spain, 19, 25 Allington Castle, Kent, 148 Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, 1 57 Amboise, Chateau of, France, 150 Amelia of Cleves, 385-6, 389, 569 America, 19 Ampthill, Beds, 242-3, 248, 251, 290, 436, 441, 443 Andre, Bernard, 30 Angoulemc, Duke of (see Charles of Valois) Anne of Cleves, Queen of England: alleged early betrothal, 389-90, 401,403, 411, 420-1 ancestry, 145 annulment of marriage, 421-5, 427 appearance, 382, 387, 390, 392, 394, 397, 404.

arrival in England, 395 as queen, 407 as stepmother, 407-8, 427 birth, 385 character, 3, 387, 389, 393-5, 404, 429, 466, 570-1 clothes, 386-8, 396, 401, 403, 405-7, 432.

comes to London, 390-9 conjugal relations with Henry VIII, 406-7, 410-11, 436 coronation plans, 391, 399, 409 courted by Henry VIII, 377-8, 396-7 courtly pursuits and functions, 403, 417.

death, 569 'divorce' settlement, 228, 422-3, 569 dowry waived, 387-8 education, 389, 404 funeral, 569-70 Henry VIII's aversion to her, 378, 396-9, 403-7, 412, 417, 421 household, 390-1, 396, 402, 409-10, 425-6, 435, 473, 569-71 journey to England, 390-5 leaves court, 418-19 life in retirement, 422-5, 427-8, 432, 498, 566-8 marriage negotiations, 378, 385-404, 432 marriage to Henry VIII, 6, 7, 405-6, 455.

motto, 405 popularity, 407, 427-8 portraits, 6, 377, 388-9, 392, 396, 404 reception at Blackheath, 399-402 622.

Anne of Clcvcs(cont.): relationship with Henry VIII, 347,401-2, 404, 410-12, 416-18, 423, 425-7. 432, 440relations with Henry's later wives, 428, 438, 497-8 religious inclinations, 388, 390, 405, 412, 568-9.

rumoured pregnancies, 436, 473 rumoured rehabilitation, 457, 466, 484.

state entry into London, 391, 409 tomb, 570 upbringing, 387, 389, 396 will, 568-9 also mentioned, 381, 433, 465, 502, 504, 530-1, 537 Anne of Denmark, Queen of Great Britain, 565 Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 374 d'Annebaut, Claude, Admiral of France, 524 Antwerp, Flanders, 231, 247, 253, 330, 392.

Aquinas, St Thomas, 75 Ardres, France, 130-1 Arundel, Countess of, 569 Arundel, Thomas, 413 Ascham, Roger, 505, 514, 523, 550 Ashburnham, Earl of, 494 Ashby, William, 467, 475 Ashley, Henry, 567 Ashley, Katherine, 551-4, 557 Ashmolcan Museum, Oxford, 344 Asked, Robert, 358-9, 361 Askew, Anne, 512-3, 517-8 Athequa, George de, Bishop of Llandaff, 263, 297-8 Audlcy, Elizabeth, Lady, 400 Audley, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor of England, 232, 311, 316, 324, 335, 402, 468, 504 Ayala, Pedro dc, 22, 36, 39, 58 Aylmcr, John, 144 Aylsham, Norfolk, 145 Barker, Father, 263 Barlow, John, 152 Barnes, Mr, 460 Barnes, Robert, 278, 386-7, 432 Barnet, Herts, 206 Barton, Elizabeth, the Nun of Kent, 181, 230-1, 239-40, 251-2, 266 Barwike, Dorothy, 445 Baskerville, Mrs, 454 Ba.s.sctt, Anne, 363-5, 390-2, 394, 409 10,.

478.

Ba.s.sett, Elizabeth, 465-6 Ba.s.sett, Katherine, 363-4, 390, 567 Bath, Bishop of, 258 Bath Place, London, 189 Baynard's Castle, London, 33, 36, 94, 198, 300.

Baynton, Sir Edward, 246, 436, 459 Baynton, Lady, 435, 459 Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby, 10, 22, 28, 32, 34, 75, 109, 515 Bcauforts, the, 28, 534 Beaulieu, Ess.e.x, 172, 182, 230 Becket, St Thomas a, 3 ], 362, 411 Bedale, Yorks, 490 Beddington Park, Surrey, 321-2 Bedingfield, Sir Edmund, 269, 295, 297.

Bedingfield, Grace, Lady, 301 Bedwyn Magna, Wilts, 286, 361 Bennet, Margaret, 475 Benson, Ambrosius, 494 Berg Collection of Art, 28 Berkeley, Lady, 241, 246 Bertie, Richard, 563 Berwick, Northumberland, 501 Bewdley, Worcs, 23, 25, 30 Biscay, Bay of, 25 Bishop's Hatficld, Herts, (see Hatfield) Black Friars, London, 190, 199, 202, 204, 487.

Blackheath, Kent, 31)9-400 Blackmore, Ess.e.x, 122 Black Prince, the, 120 Bletchingly Place, Surrey, 422, 566-8 Blickling, Norfolk, 145, 147-8 Blois, Chateau of, France, 1 50 Blount, Elizabeth, Lady Tailboys, 122 3,.

134, 152, 435 Blount, Gertrude, Marchioness of Exeter, 252, 369 623.

Blount, William, Lord Mountjoy, 73, 75, 98, 109, 122, 243, 247, 253-4 Bolcyn, Anne, Queen of England: accomplishments, 151-3, 155 alienates supporters, 231-2 ancestry, 145 annulment of marriage, 319, 330, 332.

appearance, 10, 151-2, 274, 334, 382 arrest, 316, 355, 428 as mother, 259-60, 264, 284, 309, 311, 368.

as queen, 9, 144-5, 245, 275-6 at court of Brabant, 147, 150 at court of France, 147, 149-55 badge, 343 becomes Henry VIIIl's mistress, 173, 178, 236-7.

birthdate, 144, 146-7, 413 bones exhumed, 147 burial, 337, 482 case against her, 309-15, 323-4 character, 3, 9, 144, 153, 184-5, 341, 434.

charitable works, 280, 309 clothes and influence on fashion, 83, 151, 232, 239, 335.

coronation, 245, 249-52, 318, 350 courted by Henry VIII, 4, 139-40, 156-74, 178, 186-8, 192-4, 202,.

205-6, 211 - 13, 419, 494 courtly pursuits and functions, 153, 155-6, 212, 239, 282, 299, 315 created Lady Marquess of Pembroke, 146, 236-7 denies her guilt of the charges against her, 317-20, 326-7, 329, 332-3 dispensation issued for her marriage to Henry VIII, 183-4, 330 early love affairs, 154, 156-63, 169, 231, 237, 322.

education, 148-9 execution, 144, 332-3, 335-7, 339, 349, 354, 384, 440 faction forms around her, 168-9 fall from favour, 304-16 girlhood, 148 goes to Calais, 1532, 238-40 hatred of Wolsey, 158, 167, 169 household, 193, 231, 245-6, 290, 318, 324, 33<>. 345, 348, 382 illness in 1528, 186-7 imperialist plot to unseat her, 274, 291, 305-6, 308 imprisonment in the Tower, 144, 316-37, 342, 435, 459, 480-1 indictment against her, 323-4, 327 intellectual interests and abilities, 148-9, 279-80, 289 involvement in the 'great matter', 171-248 involvement in poison plot against Bishop Fisher, 222, 247 maid of honour to Queen Kathcrine, 155-6, 159, 193 marriage to Henry VIII, 6, 7, 144, 241-5, 248, 253, 312 motto, 245, 348 negotiations for Butler marriage, IS4-5 persecution of Katherine of Aragon and Mary Tudor, 235-6, 239, 243 4,.

247, 253, 255-6, 260, 262, 268,.

271, 276, 293-4, 298, 301,.

319-20 plots against Wolsey, 168, 170, 182 4,.

188-9, 194. 206-8, 217-19 political role and influence, 9, 145, 167, 171, 195, 198, 206, 264, 274,.

277, 281, 301, 308, 310, 340 portraits, 147, 152-3, 274 pregnancies and children, 11, 153, 173, 240-1, 243, 256-7, 258, 261,.

264, 271-2, 277, 281-3, 293-4,.

299, 301, 303-4, 307 reformist sympathies, 143-4, J95~6, 209, 222-4, 235, 278-9, 306, 343,.

358, 388, 444 relationship with Henry VIII, 143, 154, 217, 219, 230-1, 240, 256-7,.

261, 272, 274-7, 283-4, 299,.

303-4, 307, 309-10, 313-15,.

327, 336, 347.

relations with Jane Seymour, 303, 307 relations with Katherine of Aragon, 178, 187, 194, 208, 219, 268 relations with Wolsey, 170, 188-9, 206-7.

f 624.

Boleyn, Anne(com.): return to England from France, 147, 155.

rise to power, 167, 193-4,l9&,206, 208, 212, 219, 223, 230, 232, 238 state entry into London, 245, 249-50, 349.

trial and condemnation, 144, 324-8 unpopularity, 181, 194-5, '9^, 230 1, 235, 246-7, 250, 261, 265, 280 2,292, 306.

also mentioned, 78, 146, 156, 177, 181, 205, 214, 220, 259, 265-6, 273, 278, 285, 289, 292, 299, 338, 341-2, 345, 355, 364, 411, 413, 416, 422, 445, 474, 496, 500, 505, 515, 521, 530-1, 535, 551-2 Boleyn, Edward, 145 Boleyn, Elizabeth, Lady, 318, 325, 327 Boleyn, Sir Geoffrey, 145 Boleyn, George, Dean of Lichfield, 337 Boleyn, George, Viscount Rochford, 146, 156, 159, 195, 212, 238, 243, 277, 299, 310-12, 315-16, 318, 320, 322-4, 327-9, 331, 337, 344, 3SS.

Boleyn, Henry, 146 Boleyn, Sir James, 145, 148, 246, 318 Boleyn, Mary, 133-4, 139, 146, 149-50, 153-6, 158, 183, 187-8, 230, 273, 330 Boleyn, Thomas, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, 133, 145-50, 154-6, 169, 181-2, 187-8, 193-5, 203, 206-7,209, 211-14, 222-3, 256, 271, 273, 279, 318, 337, 352, 567 Boleyn, Thomas, 146 Boleyn, Sir William, 145, 147 Boleyn, William, 145 Bologna, Italy, 213 Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, 428, 569-70 Boorde, Andrew, 484 Boston, Lines, 441 Bosworth, Battle of, 15, 146 Boulogne, Siege of, 508-10 Bourbon, Duke of, 121 Bourbon, Nicholas, 279-80 Bourchier, Anne, 492, 550 Bourchier, Henry, Earl of Ess.e.x, 492 Bradgate Manor, Leics, 366, 539 Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 96, 122, 124-5, 150, 182, 188, 194, 204,.