Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 96

CADINUM, L. _Prep._ (Eras. Wilson.) Lard and suet, of each 6 parts; beeswax, 4 parts; liquefy by heat, and add of pyroligneous oil of juniper ('huile de cade') 16 parts; with a few drops of any fragrant essential oil, to conceal the smell. In ringworm, and as a stimulant ointment in some other skin diseases.

=Ointment, Kirkland's.= See LEAD OINTMENT (Compound).

=Ointment of Labdanum.= (Quincy.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CRINISc.u.m. _Prep._ Labdanum, 6 dr.; bears' grease, 2 oz.; powdered southernwood, 3 dr.; oil of mace, 1 dr.; balsam of Peru, 2 dr.

=Ointment of Lard.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ADIPIS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1788.) Prepared lard, 2 lbs.; melt, add of rose water, 3 fl. oz.; beat the two well together, then set the vessel aside, and when the whole is cold, separate the congealed fat. A simple emollient. See OINTMENT, ELDER.

=Ointment of Lau'rel.= _Syn._ LAURINE OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM LAURINUM, U.

LAURI n.o.bILIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Lusit.) Suet (softened by heat), 8 oz.; laurel oil (expressed oil of bay), 1 lb.; oil of turpentine, 1-1/2 oz.

This is the 'nervine balsam' and 'nervine ointment' of the shops in the Peninsula, and in some other parts of Southern Europe. The Ph. Bat. 1805 added 1/2 oz. of rectified oil of amber.

2. (P. Cod.) Fresh bay leaves and berries (bruised), of each 1 lb.; lard, 2 lbs.; as hemlock ointment--Ph. L. Highly esteemed on the Continent as a stimulating friction, in bruises, strains, stiff joints, &c.; and in deafness.

3. (Trade.) From fresh bay leaves, 2 lbs.; bay berries, 1 lb.; neat's-foot oil, 5 pints; boil as last; to the strained oil add, of lard suet, 3 lbs., true oil of bay, 1/4 lb., and allow it to cool very slowly, in order that it may 'grain' well. Sold for laurel ointment and common oil of bay.

=Ointment of Lavender= (Baume). _Syn._ OLEUM LAVANDULae. _Prep._ Lard, 2-1/2 lbs.; lavender flowers, 10 lbs.; white wax, 3 oz. Melt the lard, digest with 2 lbs. of the flowers for two hours, and strain; repeat this with fresh flowers till all are used; melt the ointment and leave it at rest to cool; separate the moisture and dregs, and melt the ointment with the wax.

=Ointment of Lead.= _Syn._ (UNGUENTUM PLUMBI, U. LITHARGYRI--P. Cod.) _Prep._ 1. Litharge, 3 oz.; distilled vinegar, 4 oz.; olive oil, 9 oz.; mix with heat, and stir until they combine. Camphor, morphia, and opium are common additions to lead ointment, when an anodyne effect is desirable.

2. (Compound; NEUTRAL OINTMENT, HIGGIN'S O., KIRKLANDS' O.; UNGUENTUM NEUTRALE, U. PLUMBI COMPOSITUM--Ph. L.) Lead plaster, 2 lbs.; olive oil, 18 fl. oz.; mix by a gentle heat, and add of prepared chalk, 6 oz.; lastly, add of dilute acetic acid, 6 fl. oz., and stir well until the ma.s.s has cooled. As a dressing in indolent ulcers, "but its utility is doubtful." (Dr Garrod.)

_Obs._ It will be observed that the College has already modified the old formula of this ointment. The vinegar is now the last ingredient added to the ma.s.s. "Gradually add the chalk, separately mixed with the vinegar, the effervescence being finished, and stir," &c. (Ph. L. 1836.) See ACETATE OF LEAD, CARBONATE OF L., CHLORIDE OF L., IODIDE OF L.; EYE, GOULARD'S, LE MORT'S, and other OINTMENTS containing lead.

=Ointment, Le Mort's.= Carbonate of lead, corrosive sublimate, litharge, and Venice turpentine, of each 1 oz.; alum, 1/2 oz.; lard, 1/2 lb.; vermilion, q. s. to colour.

=Ointment of Lu'puline.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM LUPULINae, L. _Prep._ (Soubeiran.) Lupuline, 1 part; lard, 3 parts; digest by the heat of a water bath for 5 or 6 hours, and strain. As an anodyne dressing to cancerous ulcers, and as a friction to swollen and painful joints.

=Ointment of Lycopo'dium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM LYCOPODII, L. _Prep._ Lycopodium, 1 dr.; balsam of Peru, 1/2 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. In chaps and excoriations.

=Ointment of Mace.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM MACIDIS, L. _Prep._ From mace (beaten to a paste) and palm oil, of each 1 lb.; purified beef marrow, 3 lbs.; gently melted together, and strained. Emollient and stimulant; chiefly used as a pomade for the hair. Sold for 'common oil of mace.'

=Ointment of Marshmal'low.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ALTHaeae, DIALTHaeae, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1746.) Oil of mucilages, 2 lbs.; beeswax, 1/2 lb.; yellow resin, 3 oz.; melt them together, then add of Venice turpentine, 1/2 oz.; and stir the mixture until it concretes.

2. (Wholesale.) From palm oil, 1/2 lb.; yellow resin, 1-1/4 lb.; beeswax, 2-1/4 lbs.; pale linseed oil, 9 lbs. (say 1 gall.); melt together and stir until it is nearly cold.

_Uses, &c._ Emollient and stimulant; seldom used in regular practice, but in great repute amongst the common people. Linseed oil is now almost universally subst.i.tuted for the oil of mucilages.

=Ointment of Master-wort.= _Syn._ POMMADE ANTI-CANCeREUSE DE MILIUS; UNGUENTUM IMPERITORIae, L. _Prep._ (Beasley.) Powdered master-wort (_Imperatoria Ostruthium_), 1-1/2 oz.; tincture of master-wort, 1 oz.; lard, 2 oz.

=Ointment of Matico= (Mr Young). _Syn._ UNGUENTUM MATICO. _Prep._ Powdered matico, 3 drams; opium, 3 gr.; lard, 1 oz.

=Ointment, Mercu"rial.= _Syn._ (Strong MERCURIAL OINTMENT, BLUE O., NEAPOLITAN O.; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI--B. P., Ph. L. E. & D., U. H. FORTIUS, U. CaeRULEUM.) _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Mercury, 16; prepared lard, 16; prepared suet, 1; rub together until metallic globules cease to be visible. See also OINTMENT, MERCURIAL (Compound).

2 (Ph. L. & E.) Mercury; 1 lb.; lard, 11-1/2 oz.; suet, 1/2 oz.; rub the mercury with the suet and a little of the lard, until globules are no longer visible; then add the remaining lard, and triturate altogether.

3. (Ph. D.) Pure mercury and lard, of each 1 lb.; as before.

_Pur., &c._ The 'stronger mercurial ointment' of the shops is usually made with a less quant.i.ty of mercury than that ordered by the Colleges, and the colour is brought up with finely ground blue black or wood charcoal. This fraud may be detected by its inferior sp. gr., and by a portion being left undissolved when a little of the ointment is treated first with ether or oil of turpentine, to remove the fat, and then with dilute nitric acid, to remove the mercury. When made according to the instructions of the Ph., its sp. gr. is not less than 1781 at 60 Fahr. It "is not well prepared so long as metallic globules may be seen in it with a magnifier of 4 powers." (Ph. E.) When rubbed on a piece of bright copper or gold, it should immediately give it a coating of metallic mercury, and a silvery appearance.

The _Ung. hyd. fort._ of the wholesale houses is generally made of mercury, 12 lbs., suet, 1-1/2 lb., and lard, 16-1/2 lbs. It thus contains only 1/3 instead of 1/2 its weight of mercury. That of the same houses labelled '_Ung. hyd. partes aequales_' is prepared with mercury, 12 lbs.; suet, 1-1/2 lb.; lard, 13-1/2 lbs.

_Uses._ This ointment is chiefly used to introduce mercury into the system when the stomach is too irritable to bear it; in syphilis, hepatic affections, hydrocephalus, &c. For this purpose, 1/2 to 1 dr. is commonly rubbed into the inside of one of the thighs until every particle of the ointment disappears. This operation is repeated night and morning until the desired effect is produced, and should be, if possible, performed by the patient himself. During its administration the patient should avoid exposure to cold, and the use of fermented or acidulous liquors, and his diet should consist chiefly of toast, broth, gruel, milk-and-water, and other inoffensive matters. This ointment has been employed to prevent the 'pitting' in smallpox; and, diluted with 3 or 4 times its weight of lard, in several skin diseases, as a dressing for ulcers, to destroy pediculi, &c. Camphor is often added to this ointment to increase its activity. With the addition of a little extract of belladonna, or hydrochlorate of ammonia, it forms an excellent anodyne and resolvent friction in painful syphilitic tumours and glandular enlargements.

_Obs._ The preparation of mercurial ointment according to the common plan is a process of much labour and difficulty, and usually occupies several days. The instructions in the Pharmacopias are very meagre and unsatisfactory, and, so far as details go, are seldom precisely carried out. Employers grumble, and operatives become impatient, when they find the most a.s.siduous trituration apparently fails to hasten the extinction of the globules. To facilitate matters, various tricks are resorted to, and various contraband additions are often clandestinely made. Among the articles referred to, sulphur and turpentine are those which have been longest known, and, perhaps, most frequently employed for the purpose; but the first spoils the colour, and the other the consistence, of the ointment; whilst both impart to it more or less of their peculiar and respective odours. On the Continent, oil of eggs was formerly very generally used for the purpose, and is even now occasionally so employed.

Nearly half a century ago Mr W. Cooley clearly showed that the difficulty might be satisfactorily overcome by simply triturating the quicksilver with 1/8 to 1/4 of its weight of old mercurial ointment, before adding the lard; and that the effective power of this substance was in direct proportion to its age, or the length of time it had been exposed to the air. His plan was to employ the 'bottom' and 'sc.r.a.ping' of the store pots for the purpose. At a later period (1814-15) Mr Higginbottom, of Northampton, repeated this recommendation, and at length the plan has been imported into the Pharmacopia Borussica. About twenty years since, "we reopened an investigation of the subject, which extended over several months, during which we satisfied ourselves of the accuracy of the a.s.sertion of M. Roux, that the mercury in mercurial ointment exists entirely, or nearly so, in the metallic state, and not in the form of oxide, as was generally a.s.sumed. We succeeded in preparing an excellent sample of mercurial ointment by agitating washed suet and quicksilver together _in vacuo_. The quant.i.ty of oxide present at any time in this ointment is variable and accidental, and is largest in that which has been long prepared; but in no case is it sufficient to materially discolour the fat after the metallic mercury is separated from it. We were led to conclude that the property alluded to, possessed by old ointment, depends solely on the peculiar degree of consistence or viscidity of the fat present in it, and on the loss of much of the thoroughly greasy, 'anti-attritive' character, possessed by the latter in a recent state. In practically working out this idea we obtained pure fats (MAGNETIC ADEPS; SEVUM PRaePARATUM), which, without any addition, were capable of reducing, in a few minutes, 8, 16, 32, and even 48 times their weight of mercury. We also found that the formula of the Pharmacopia might be adopted, and that a perfect ointment might be readily obtained by skilful management in from half an hour to an hour, even without these resources. All that was necessary was to employ a very gentle degree of heat by either performing the operation in a warm apartment or by allowing the mortar to remain filled with warm water for a short time before using it. Suet or lard, reduced either by gentle warmth or by the addition of a little almond oil to the consistence of a thick cream, so that it will hang to the pestle without running from it, will readily extinguish 7 or 8 times its weight of running mercury by simple trituration. The exact temperature must, however, be hit upon, or the operation fails. This fact was afterwards noticed in the 'Ann. de Chim.,' and some other journals." (A. J. Cooley.)

M. Pomonti has proposed a method of preparing strong mercurial ointment, which, modified to suit the English operator, is as follows:--Fresh lard, 8 parts; solution of nitre (see _below_), 1 part; mix by trituration, add of mercury, 32 parts, and again triturate. The globules disappear after a few turns of the pestle, but reappear in a few minutes, and then again disappear to return no more. When this happens, the trituration is to be continued for a few minutes longer, when lard, 24 parts, is to be rubbed in, and the ointment at once put into pots. It is said that the globules are so completely extinguished as to escape detection, even when the ointment is examined by a microscope of low power. The SOLUTION.--Nitre, 100 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve. This quant.i.ty is sufficient for a kilogramme of mercury.

M. Lahens strongly recommends for the rapid preparation of mercurial ointment the application of oil of almonds in the following proportions:--Mercury, 1000 parts; oil of almonds, 20 parts; lard, 980 parts. The mercury is first triturated with the oil for about fifteen minutes, after which its globules are said to be no longer discernible by the naked eye; 200 parts of the melted lard are now added, and the trituration continued to the complete extinction of the metal, which is generally accomplished within an hour. The ointment is then mixed with the remainder of the lard. SEE OINTMENT OF OXIDE OF MERCURY.

=Ointment, Mercurial= (Milder). MILDER BLUE OINTMENT, TROOPER'S O., UNCTION; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI MITIUS, U. CaeRULEUM MITIUS. _Prep._ 1.

Stronger mercurial ointment, 1 lb.; lard, 2 lbs.

_Dose, &c._ In the itch and several other cutaneous diseases, as a dressing to syphilitic ulcers, to destroy pediculi on the body, &c. Each drachm contains 10 gr. of mercury. That of the shops generally contains considerably less.

2. (With SOAP; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI SAPONACEUM; SAVON MERCURIEL).--_a._ (Draper.) Mercurial ointment (softened by a gentle heat), 1 oz.; hydrate of pota.s.sa, 1 dr., dissolved in water, 1/2 fl. oz.; triturate them together until the ma.s.s solidifies.

_b._ (Swediaur.) Milder mercurial ointment, 8 parts; soft soap, 2 parts; camphor, 1 part. In periost.i.tis, engorgements of the t.e.s.t.i.c.l.es, soft corns, &c. See OINTMENT OF NITRATE OF MERCURY, &c.

=Ointment, Mercurial (Compound).= (B. P.) Mercurial ointment, 6; yellow wax, 3; olive oil, 3; camphor, 1-1/2. Melt the wax and oil, and when the mixture is nearly cold, add the camphor in powder and the mercurial ointment, and mix.

=Ointment, Mercurial, with Hydrochlorate of Ammonia.= (Dupuytren.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI c.u.m AMMONIae MURIATE. _Prep._ Stronger mercurial ointment, 2 oz.; hydrochlorate of ammonia, 1 dr.

=Ointment, Mercurial, with Soda.= (F. H.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI c.u.m SODA, SAVON MERCURIEL. _Prep._ Mercurial ointment, 3-1/2 oz.; solution of soda, 3 oz.; triturate until they combine.

=Ointment of Mercury, Oleate of.= (U. C. Hosp.) _Syn._ LINIMENTUM HYDRARGYRI OLEATIS, UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OLEATIS. (10 per cent.) _Prep._ Yellow peroxide of mercury, 1 dr.; pure oleic acid, 10 dr. To the oleic acid kept agitated in a mortar, sprinkle in the peroxide gradually, and triturate frequently during 24 hours, until the peroxide is dissolved, and a gelatinous solution is formed, 20 per cent. as above, using double the quant.i.ty of yellow oxide. To be applied with a brush, or spread lightly over the part with the finger. In persistent inflammation of the joints, Professor Marshall adds to ?j of the above preparation, 1 gr. of morphia--the pure alkaloid--not one of its salts, which are insoluble in oleic acid.

In the preparation of ointment of oleate of mercury it is of the utmost importance that the mercuric oxide should be thoroughly dry, and further that it should be sifted in small portions at a time upon the surface of the oleic acid, each fresh portion being well incorporated before another is added. Solution should be promoted by frequent stirring, at ordinary temperatures, since experience has shown that all heating is positively injurious.[66]

[Footnote 66: C. Rice.]

=Ointment of Mercury, Yellow Oxide of.= (U. S. Ph.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI, =Oxydi flavi=. _Prep._ Yellow oxide of mercury, 1 dr.; simple ointment, 420 gr.

=Ointment of Meze'reon.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM MEZEREI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Hamb.

Cod.) Alcoholic extract of mezereon, 2 dr.; dissolve in rectified spirit, q. s.; add it to white wax, 1 oz.; lard, 8 oz., and mix by a gentle heat.

2. (P. Cod.) Mezereon (dried root-bark), 4 oz.; moisten it with rectified spirit, bruise it well, and digest it for 12 hours, at the heat of boiling water, in lard, 14-1/2 oz.; then strain with pressure, and allow it to cool slowly; lastly, separate it from the dregs, remelt it, and add of white wax, 1-1/2 oz. Used as a stimulating application to blistered surfaces and indolent ulcers.

3. (P. Cod.) Ethereal extract of mezereon, 176 gr.; lard, 9 oz.; white wax, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 oz.; dissolve the extract in the alcohol, add the lard and wax, heat moderately, stir until the spirit is driven off, strain and stir till cold.

=Ointment of Monesia.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM MONESIae. _Prep._ Oil of almonds, 4 parts; white wax, 2 parts; extract of monesia, 1 part; water, 1 part.

=Ointment of Mustard.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM SINAPIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Flour of mustard, 3/4 oz.; water, 1 fl. oz.; mix, and add, of resin cerate, 2 oz; oil of turpentine, 1/2 oz. Rubefacient and stimulant. As a friction in rheumatism, &c.

2. (Frank.) Flour of mustard, 3 oz.; oil of almonds, 1/2 fl. oz.; lemon juice, q. s. In sunburn, freckles, &c.

=Ointment of Naph'thalin.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM NAPHTHALINae, L. _Prep._ (Emery.) Naphthalin, 1/2 dr.; lard, 7-1/2 dr. In dry tetters, lepra, psoriasis, &c.

=Ointment, Neapolitan.= See OINTMENT, MERCURIAL.