Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 228

=Extract of Flesh.= See EXTRACT OF MEAT, ESSENCE OF BEEF, TEA (Beef), &c.

=Extract of Fox'glove.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1.

(Ph. L. 1836.) From the leaves of _Digitalis purpurea_, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--(Ph. L.)

2. (Ph. E.) From the filtered expressed juice, either evaporated _in vacuo_, with the aid of heat, or by exposure to a current of dry air.

3. (P. Cod.)--_a._ As EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

_b._ As EXTRACT OF BOX--P. Cod.

4. (Ph. Baden.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Bad.

_Obs._ The juice of foxglove is very readily injured by exposure to air and heat. The evaporation should therefore be conducted as rapidly as possible, but at a low temperature. It is narcotic, sedative, and is powerfully poisonous.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr., cautiously increased to 2 or 3 gr.

It is princ.i.p.ally given in fevers, dropsy, diseases of the heart, pulmonary consumption, epilepsy, scrofula, and asthma. This extract spoils by long keeping. The last two are stronger than the rest, and keep better.

It is omitted in the present Ph. L.

=Extract of Fu'mitory.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FUMARIae, L. _Prep._ 1. From either the infusion or decoction of the dried leaves of common fumitory (_Fumaria officinalis_).

2. (B. Cod.) From the clarified juice of the fresh herb. Slightly aperient, diaph.o.r.etic, and alterative. It has been given in obstructions of the liver and cutaneous affections of the leprous kind.

=Extract of Galls.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GALLae, E. GALLARUM, L. _Prep._ 1.

From the infusion by maceration or displacement with cold water.

2. From the hot infusion or decoction. The first is to be preferred.

Astringent. Used chiefly in ointments and injections for piles, foul ulcers, &c., and, internally, in haemorrhages, spitting of blood, &c.

=Extract of Gen'tian.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GENTIANae (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1.

(Ph. L.) Gentian root (sliced), 3 lbs.; distilled water (temperate), 4 pints; macerate for 12 hours, and gently express the liquor; repeat the maceration with water, 1 quart, for 6 hours; and evaporate the mixed liquors.

2. (Ph. L. 1836.) From the ordinary infusion of the root made with 10 or 12 times its weight of boiling water, the maceration being continued for 24 hours.

3. (Ph. E.) From an infusion prepared by percolation with cold water. The formulae of the Ph. Baden, Paris, and U. S. are similar.

4. (B. P.) Gentian, 1 lb.; water (boiling), 10; macerate for 2 hours, boil 15 minutes, strain, and evaporate to a soft pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 10 to 15 gr.

5. (Ph. D. 1826.) From the decoction.

_Obs._ On the large scale, this extract is almost universally prepared by exhausting the root by coction with water, as in the last formula. When well prepared it is one of the smoothest and brightest extracts of the Pharmacopia. Good gentian root yields by infusion in hot water fully 50%, and by decoction about 60% of extract.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 30 gr., two or three times daily, as a stomachic bitter and tonic; either alone or combined with rhubarb, ginger, or aloes. It is, however, more especially used as a vehicle for chalybeates and other metallic preparations. The princ.i.p.al consumption of extract of gentian is by the brewers, in lieu of hops.

6. (HARD E. OF G.; E. D. DURUM, L.) The last dried by a gentle heat until brittle enough to powder.

=Extract (Fluid) of Ginger.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ZINGIBERIS FLUIDUM. (Ph. U.

S.) As fluid extract of cubebs, but using rectified spirit.

=Extract (Fluid) of Golden Seal.= _Syn._ (Ph. U. S.) EXTRACTUM HYDRASTIS FLUIDUM. _Prep._ Hydrastis (Golden Seal) in very fine powder, 16 oz.

(troy); macerate with 2 oz. (old measure) of glycerine; rectified spirit, 14 oz. (old measure), in closed percolator for 4 days; then let the percolation commence, and finish it by adding a mixture consisting of 2 parts of spirit and 1 of water, until 24 oz. (old measure) have been obtained. Remove the first 14 oz.; evaporate the remaining 10 oz. to 2 oz. (old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.

=Extract, Goulard's.= See SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.

=Extract of Guaiac'um.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GUAIACI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.

1746.) From lignum vitae shavings or sawdust, exhausted by coction with water; as soon as the ma.s.s becomes thick, 1-8th of rectified spirit is to be added.

2. As the last, omitting the spirit. Diaph.o.r.etic, diuretic, and alterative; in dropsy, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, &c.

=Extract of Guarana'.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GUARANae, E. PAULLINIae, L. _Prep._ (Dr Gavrelle.) From tincture of guarana (seeds of _Paullinia sorbilis_), prepared by coction with proof spirit. Tonic and alterative.--_Dose_, 2 to 5 gr., twice or thrice daily.

=Extract, Haemostat'ic.= See EXTRACT OF ERGOT.

=Extract of Hedge Hyssop.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GRATIOLae, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.

Bor.) From the herb (_Gratiola officinalis_), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Bor.

2. (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Baden.

3. (Vinous.) As VINOUS EXTRACT OF CINCHONA. Purgative, diuretic, and vermifuge.--_Dose_, 2 to 5 gr., gradually increased, watching its effects; in dropsy, jaundice, gout, &c. It has been said to be the basis of the celebrated 'EAU MeDICINALE D'HUSSON,'

=Extract of Hel'lebore.= The extracts prepared from three different plants may be included under this head:--

1. (EXTRACT OF BLACK h.e.l.lEBORE; EXTRACTUM h.e.l.lEBORI, E. H. NIGRI, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L., 1788.) From the infusion or decoction of black h.e.l.lebore (_h.e.l.leborus officinalis_).--_Dose_, 5 to 12 gr.

_b._ (Alcoholic--P. Cod. & Ph. U. S.) As EXTRACT OF BOX (nearly). That of the Ph. Bad. is similar.--_Dose_, 3 to 8 gr.

_c._ (Vino-alcoholic--Cottereau.) Powdered black h.e.l.lebore, 2 lbs.; salt of tartar, 1/2 lb.; dilute alcohol (sp. gr. 935), 7 pints; digest 12 hours, and express the tincture; add to the marc, white wine, 7 pints; digest for 24 hours, express, mix the tincture, filter, and evaporate.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.

_Obs._ When prepared by coction with water till exhausted of soluble matter, black h.e.l.lebore root yields about 40% of extract. In small doses it is alterative, purgative, and resolvent; in larger ones, it is a drastic, hydragogue cathartic, and emmenagogue, dangerous unless combined and its effects carefully watched.

2. (EXTRACT OF GREEN h.e.l.lEBORE, E. OF AMERICAN H., E. OF ITCH-WOOD; EXTRACTUM VERATRI VIRIDIS, L.) From the fresh root (rhizome) of the green h.e.l.lebore (_Veratrum viride_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 1/6 to 1/2 gr. Used in America in the same cases as white h.e.l.lebore.

3. (EXTRACT OF WHITE h.e.l.lEBORE; EXTRACTUM VERATRI, E. h.e.l.lEBORI ALBI, L.) From the root (rhizome) of the white h.e.l.lebore (_Veratrum alb.u.m_), as EXTRACT OF BLACK h.e.l.lEBORE.--_Dose_, 1/12 gr. to 1/4 gr. Emetic, purgative, stimulant, and highly acrid. In gout, rheumatism, and nervous affections, mania, &c. See VERATRINE.

=Extract of Hem'lock.= _Syn._ INSp.i.s.sATED JUICE OF HEMLOCK; EXTRACTUM CONII (B. P.), SUCCUS Sp.i.s.sATUS CONII, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) The insp.i.s.sated juice of the fresh plant, prepared as directed for EXTRACTUM BELLADONNae.--_Dose_, 4 to 6 gr.

2. (Ph. L.) From the fresh plant (_Conium maculatum_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--Ph. L.

3. (Ph. E.) As EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE--Ph. E.

4. (Ph. D.) As EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA--Ph. D.

_Obs._ Of all the insp.i.s.sated juices (not even excepting that of aconite), this is the one most readily injured by exposure to the air and heat, and which soonest loses its qualities by age. Its active principle is CONINE.

Extract of hemlock has a greenish colour, and a strong odour of the fresh-bruised plant. It is "of good quality only when a very strong odour of conia (a 'mouse-odour') is disengaged by degrees, on its being carefully triturated with liquor of pota.s.sa." (Ph. E.) "The extracts of hemlock may become feeble, if not inert, in one of two ways,--either by the heat being continued after the concentration has been carried to a certain extent, or by long keeping. On the one hand, I have always observed that from the point at which the extract attains the consistence of thin syrup, ammonia begins to be given off in abundance, together with a modified odour of conine; and, on the other hand, I have found extracts which were unquestionably well prepared at first, entirely dest.i.tute of conine in a few years." (Christison.) "The most active extract is that which is procured by moderate pressure from the leaves only." (Brande.) "The extract of the Ph. D., being freed from the inert alb.u.men and chlorophyll, contains most of the active principle, and is nearly soluble in water." (Royle.) On the large scale, the whole of the green portion of the plant is pressed for juice. 1 cwt. of hemlock yields from 3 to 5 lbs.

of extract.--_Dose_, 2 gr., gradually increased to 5 gr., or more, until some obvious effect is produced; as an anodyne, alterative, and resolvent in various obstinate disorders, as glandular and visceral enlargements, foul and painful ulcers, scrofula, cancer, neuralgia, rheumatism, troublesome coughs, &c.

5. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM CONII ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.)--_a._ (Ph. Baden.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Baden.

_b._ (P. Cod.) As the last, but using proof spirit.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 gr.

6. (Dried; EXTRACTUM CONII SICc.u.m, L.)--_a._ As the DRIED EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod.

_b._ (Archer.) By drying the extract of the Dublin College with a continuous current of warm air.