Washington - A Life Part 23

CHAPTER SIXTY: MAD DOG.

1. WWF, WWF,34:16. Letter to John Jay, November 1, 1794.2. Ibid.3. WWR, WWR,913. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 3, 1795.4. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:257. 7:257.5. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 336. 336.6. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 487. 487.7. Ibid.8. WWF, WWF,34:254. "Letter Book," August 1 and 25, 1795.9. Ibid., 262. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1795.10. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 227. 227.11. WWF, WWF, 34:251. Letter to the Secretary of War, July 27, 1795. 34:251. Letter to the Secretary of War, July 27, 1795.12. Ibid., 264. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1795.13. Ibid., 262.14. Diaries, Diaries,6:208.15. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:282. 7:282.16. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, Presidency of George Washington, 164. 164.17. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:279. 7:279.18. WWF WWF 34:276. Letter to the Secretaries of the Treasury and War, August 12-18, 1795. 34:276. Letter to the Secretaries of the Treasury and War, August 12-18, 1795.19. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:293. 7:293.20. Randolph, Vindication of Edmund Randolph Vindication of Edmund Randolph, 1.21. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:294-95. 7:294-95.22. Randolph, Vindication of Edmund Randolph, Vindication of Edmund Randolph, 2. 2.23. WWF, WWF,34:321. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, October 2, 1795.24. Ibid., 34:340. Letter to Edmund Randolph, October 21, 1795.25. Ibid., 34:344. Letter to Edmund Randolph, October 25, 1795.26. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:263. 3:263.27. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 117. 117.28. WWF, WWF,34:404. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, December 24, 1795.29. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:335. 7:335.30. WWF, WWF,34:279. Letter to John Adams, August 20, 1795.31. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 115. 115.32. WWR, WWR,918. Letter to Patrick Henry, October 9, 1795.33. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 504. 504.34. Ibid.35. WWF, WWF,26:349. Letter to James Madison, April 22, 1783.36. PWRT, PWRT, 2:500. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 9, 1798. 2:500. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 9, 1798.37. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:263. 3:263.38. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 598. 598.39. WWF, WWF, 34:288. Letter to John Marshall, August 26, 1795. 34:288. Letter to John Marshall, August 26, 1795.40. Ibid., 34:318. Letter to Edward Carrington, September 28, 1795.41. Ibid., 35:277. Letter to Charles Lee, November 14, 1796.42. Ibid., 34:375. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, November 23, 1795.43. Ibid., 34:299-300. Letter to George Cabot, September 7, 1795.44. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:304. 7:304.45. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 230. 230.46. WWF, WWF, 34:404. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, December 22, 1795. 34:404. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, December 22, 1795.47. Ibid., 34:425. Letter to James Madison, January 22, 1796.48. Ibid., 34:462. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 13, 1796.49. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 231. 231.50. WWF, WWF,34:473. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, February 20, 1796.51. Ibid., 34:486. Letter to James Madison, March 6, 1796.52. Ibid., 35:62. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796.53. PWRT, PWRT, 1:209. Letter to Segur, June 24, 1797. 1:209. Letter to Segur, June 24, 1797.54. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 62. 62.55. Ibid.56. Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 245. 245.

CHAPTER SIXTY-ONE: THE COLOSSUS OF THE PEOPLE.

1. WWR, WWR,933. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, March 31, 1796.2. Ibid., 934.3. Ibid., 931. " To the House of Representatives," March 30, 1796.4. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:376. 7:376.5. WWF, WWF,35:62. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796.6. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, Presidency of George Washington, 173. 173.7. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 200. 200.8. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 499. 499.9. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 200. 200.10. Ibid.11. WWF, WWF,35:30. Letter to Charles Carroll, May 1, 1796.12. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 499. 499.13. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:269. 3:269.14. Ibid., 268.15. WWR, WWR,952. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796.16. Ibid., 952.17. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:270. 3:270.18. WWR, WWR,951-52. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796.19. Ibid., 952.20. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 18. 18.21. PWRT, 2:176. "Comments on Monroe's A View of the Conduct of the Executive in the Foreign Affairs of the United States, A View of the Conduct of the Executive in the Foreign Affairs of the United States," ca. March 1798.22. WWR, WWR,936. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 8, 1796.23. WWF, WWF, 15:199. Letter to Archibald Cary, ca. May 1779. 15:199. Letter to Archibald Cary, ca. May 1779.24. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 34. 34.25. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 121. 121.26. Monroe, View of the Conduct of the Executive, View of the Conduct of the Executive, liv. liv.27. Ibid., xlviii.28. Ibid., x.x.x.29. Paine, Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, 705. 705.30. Ibid.31. Ibid., 695.32. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 33. 33.33. Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 305. 305.34. WWF, WWF,35:359.35. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 33. 33.36. Miles, George and Martha Washington, George and Martha Washington, 39. 39.37. Ibid., 42.38. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, Gilbert Stuart, 139. 139.39. MTV. "Early Descriptions, 1800-1841." "Early Descriptions, 1800-1841."40. Unger, Unexpected Washington, Unexpected Washington, 232. 232.41. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 276. 276.42. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 3:196. 3:196.43. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, Gilbert Stuart, 191. 191.44. Ibid.45. Ibid., 193.46. Ibid.47. Ibid., 191.48. Ibid.49. WWF, WWF,34:458. Letter to Elizabeth Parke Custis, February 10, 1796.50. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, Gilbert Stuart, 192. 192.51. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 62. 62.52. DiariesA, DiariesA,415.53. Ibid., 413.54. PWRT, PWRT, 1:266. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, July 23, 1797. 1:266. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, July 23, 1797.55. WWF, WWF,35:295. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, November 28, 1796.56. PWRT, PWRT,1:153. Letter to Samuel Stanhope Smith, May 24, 1797.57. Ibid., 1:159. Letter from George Washington Parke Custis, May 29, 1797.58. WWR, WWR,907. Letter to Charles Carter, March 10, 1795.59. WWF, WWF,34:502. Letter to William Pearce, March 20, 1796.60. Ibid., 34:451. Letter to William Pearce, February 7, 1796.61. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 308. 308.62. WWR, WWR,911. Letter to William Pearce, May 10, 1795.63. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 349. 349.64. WWF, WWF, 34:453. Letter to David Stuart, February 7, 1796. 34:453. Letter to David Stuart, February 7, 1796.65. Ibid., 35:182. Letter to James Anderson, August 18, 1796.

CHAPTER SIXTY-TWO: THE MASTER OF FAREWELLS.

1. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 47. 47.2. Wright, "Pickering's Letter."3. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 358. 358.4. WWF, WWF,35:37. Letter to Governor John Jay, May 8, 1796.5. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 505. 505.6. WWR, WWR,938. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 15, 1796.7. Ibid., 946. "Draft of the Farewell Address," May 15, 1796.8. Ibid., 948.9. Ibid., 950. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, June 26, 1796.10. WWF, WWF, 35:104. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, July 5, 1796. 35:104. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, July 5, 1796.11. Ibid., 35:126. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, July 6, 1796.12. Ibid., 35:178. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 10, 1796.13. Ibid., 35:190. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 25, 1796.14. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:403. 7:403.15. WWR, WWR, 962. "Farewell Address," September 19, 1796. 962. "Farewell Address," September 19, 1796.16. Ibid., 963.17. Ibid.18. Ibid., 965.19. Ibid., 968.20. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington, His Excellency: George Washington, 237. 237.21. WWR, WWR,968. "Farewell Address," September 19, 1796.22. Ibid., 969.23. Ibid., 973.24. Ibid.25. Ibid.26. Ibid., 975.27. Ibid., 977.28. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 54. Chernow, 54. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 507. 507.29. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 366. 366.30. Ibid.31. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 37. 37.32. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 508. 508.33. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 226. 226.34. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 349. 349.35. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 226. 226.36. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 103. 103.37. WWF, WWF, 34:154. Letter to William Pearce, March 22, 1795. 34:154. Letter to William Pearce, March 22, 1795.38. Ibid., 34:476. Letter to William Pearce, February 21, 1796.39. Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, Rise of American Democracy, 62. 62.40. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 30. 30.41. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 224. 224.42. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 177. 177.43. WWR, WWR,594. Letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.44. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, Private Affairs of George Washington, 268. 268.45. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 204. 204.46. Harvey and O'Brien, George Washington's South, George Washington's South, 202. 202.47. Ibid.48. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 323. 323.49. Harvey and O'Brien, George Washington's South, George Washington's South, 202. 202.50. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 287. 287.51. WWF, WWF, 35:201. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, September 1, 1796. 35:201. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, September 1, 1796.52. Ibid., 35:202.53. Ibid.54. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 326. 326.55. Ibid.56. WWF, WWF, 35:297. Letter to Joseph Whipple, November 28, 1796. 35:297. Letter to Joseph Whipple, November 28, 1796.57. Ibid.58. Ibid.59. Ibid., 35:298.60. Ibid.61. PWRT, PWRT,4:237. Letter to Burwell Ba.s.sett, Jr., August 11, 1799.62. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 332. 332.63. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 204. 204.64. PWRT, PWRT, 2:60. Letter to Frederick Kitt, January 29, 1798. 2:60. Letter to Frederick Kitt, January 29, 1798.65. Ibid., 2:16. Letter to Frederick Kitt, January 10, 1798.66. Harvey and O'Brien, George Washington's South, George Washington's South, 203. 203.67. PWRT, PWRT, 1:83. 1:83.68. Ibid., 1:422. Letter to Bushrod Washington, October 23, 1797.69. PWRT, PWRT,1:469. Letter to George Lewis, November 13, 1797.

CHAPTER SIXTY-THREE: EXITING THE STAGE.

1. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:420. 7:420.2. WWR, WWR,985. "Eighth Annual Message to Congress," December 7, 1796.3. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 236. 236.4. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, Public Men of the Revolution, 145. 145.5. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 182. 182.6. Grant, John Adams, John Adams, 384. 384.7. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:425. 7:425.8. Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 304. 304.9. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.10. DiariesA, DiariesA,404.11. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 211. 211.12. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 237. 237.13. WWF, WWF, 35:409. Letter to Henry Knox 35:409. Letter to Henry Knox, March 2, 1797. March 2, 1797.14. Ibid., 35:412. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, March 3, 1797.15. Ibid.16. Diaries, Diaries,6:236. Diary entry for March 4, 1797.17. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:437. 7:437.18. Ibid.19. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 434. 434.20. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 613. 613.21. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 64. 64.22. Ibid.23. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:298. 3:298.24. Ibid., 3:307.25. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 35. 35.26. Ibid., 31.27. Ibid., 31-32.28. Grant, John Adams John Adams 387. 387.29. PWRT, PWRT,1:130. Letter to Mary White Morris, May 1, 1797.30. Ibid., 1:28. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 11, 1797.31. Ibid., 1:29.32. Ibid., 1:52. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797.33. Ibid., 1:25. Letter to Tobias Lear, March 9, 1797.34. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 241. 241.35. PWRT, PWRT,1:71. Letter to James McHenry, April 3, 1797.36. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 85. 85.37. Magnet, "Alexander Hamilton," City Journal, City Journal, Winter 2009. Winter 2009.38. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 108. 108.

CHAPTER SIXTY-FOUR: SAMSON AND SOLOMON.

1. Brady, George Washington's Beautiful Nelly, George Washington's Beautiful Nelly, 31. 31.2. Ibid.3. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 240-41. 240-41.4. PWRT, PWRT,1:79. Letter to James Anderson, April 7, 1797.5. Ibid., 1:335. Letter to Lawrence Augustine Washington, September 3, 1797.6. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:453. 7:453.7. WWR, WWR,1002-3. Letter to Lawrence Lewis, August 4, 1797.8. Ibid.9. PWRT, PWRT,1:53. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797.10. WWR, WWR,998. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.11. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:469. 7:469.12. WWR, WWR,996. Letter to James McHenry, May 29, 179713. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 173. 173.14. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 215. 215.15. WWR, WWR,996. Letter to James McHenry, May 29, 1797.16. Ibid., 996-97.17. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 84. 84.18. PWRT, PWRT, 1:495. Letter to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., December 3, 1797. 1:495. Letter to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., December 3, 1797.19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 57. 57.20. PWRT, PWRT, 2:273. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, May 16, 1798. 2:273. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, May 16, 1798.21. Ibid., 2:272.22. Ibid., 2:274.23. Ibid., 1:79. Letter to James Anderson (of Scotland), April 7, 1797.24. Ibid., 2:74. Letter to James Anderson, February 6, 1798.25. Ibid., 1:378-79. Letter to Thomas Law, October 2,1797.26. WWF, WWF, 35:369. Letter to George Dunnington, January 15, 1797. 35:369. Letter to George Dunnington, January 15, 1797.27. PWRT, PWRT, 1:247. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 12, 1797. 1:247. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 12, 1797.28. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:493. 7:493.29. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:267. 3:267.30. Ibid., 3:305.31. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 235-36. 235-36.32. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 123. 123.33. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Jefferson and His Time, 3:310. 3:310.34. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 361. 361.35. PWRT, PWRT, 1:313. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 21, 1797. 1:313. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 21, 1797.36. Ibid., 1:158. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 28, 1797.37. Ibid., 1:384. Letter from Lafayette, October 6, 1797.38. Ibid., 3:282. Letter to Lafayette, December 25, 1798.39. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:496. 7:496.40. PWRT, PWRT,2:241. Letter to James Lloyd, April 15, 1798.41. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 245. 245.42. Brady, George Washington's Beautiful Nelly, George Washington's Beautiful Nelly, 52. 52.43. PWRT, PWRT, 2:280. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, May 19, 1798. 2:280. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, May 19, 1798.44. Ibid.45. Ibid.46. Ibid., 2:298. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 27, 1798.47. Ibid.48. Ibid.49. Ibid., 3:284. Letter to Lafayette, December 25, 1798.50. Ibid., 2:310. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, June 2, 1798.51. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 86. 86.52. Ibid.53. Ibid., 87.54. PWRT, PWRT,2:352. Letter from John Adams, June 22, 1798.55. Ibid.56. Ibid., 2:369. Letter to John Adams, July 4, 1798.57. Ibid., 2:370.58. Ibid., 2:457. Letter to John Trumbull, July 25, 1798.59. Ibid., 2:383. Letter to James McHenry, July 5, 1798.60. Ibid., 2:387. Letter from Timothy Pickering, July 6, 1798.61. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 556. 556.62. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 93. 93.63. WWR, WWR,1006. Letter to John Adams, July 13, 1798.64. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 558. 558.65. Ibid.66. PWRT, PWRT, 2:425. Letter to Henry Knox 2:425. Letter to Henry Knox, July 16, 1798. July 16, 1798.67. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 363. 363.68. PWRT, PWRT,2:469. Letter from Henry Knox, July 29, 1798.69. Ibid., 2:506. Letter to Henry Knox, August 9, 1798.70. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 368. 368.71. PWRT, PWRT, 2:563. Letter from Henry Knox, August 26, 1798. 2:563. Letter from Henry Knox, August 26, 1798.72. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 240. 240.73. PWRT, PWRT,3:59. Letter to James McHenry, September 30, 1798.74. Ibid.75. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 241. 241.76. PWRT, PWRT,3:21. Letter from James McHenry, September 19, 1798.77. Ibid., 2:589. Letter from James McHenry, September 7, 1798.78. Ibid., 2:609. Letter from Timothy Pickering, September 13, 1798.79. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 560. 560.80. PWRT, PWRT,3:37. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.81. Ibid., 3:38.82. Ibid., 3:41-42.83. Ibid., 3:42.84. Ibid., 3:43.85. PWRT, PWRT, 3:123. Letter to Henry Knox 3:123. Letter to Henry Knox, October 21, 1798. October 21, 1798.86. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 372. 372.87. PWRT, PWRT, 3:241. Letter to Lawrence Lewis, December 2, 1798. 3:241. Letter to Lawrence Lewis, December 2, 1798.88. Ibid., 3:298. Letter to David Stuart, December 30, 1798.89. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 253. 253.90. PWRT, PWRT,3:246. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 7, 1798.91. Ibid., 3:247.92. Bordewich, Washington, Washington, 61. 61.93. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 346. 346.94. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 593. 593.

CHAPTER SIXTY-FIVE: A MIND ON THE STRETCH.

1. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 570. 570.2. WWR, WWR,1016. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, November 22, 1798.3. PWRT, PWRT,3:287. Letter to William Vans Murray, December 26, 1798.4. Ibid., 3:398. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 25, 1799.5. PWRT, PWRT, 4:51. Letter to Bushrod Washington, May 5, 1799. 4:51. Letter to Bushrod Washington, May 5, 1799.6. Bordewich, Washington Washington, 209.7. PWRT, PWRT,1:220. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.8. Bordewich, Washington, Washington, 211. 211.9. Ibid., 98.10. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 346. 346.11. Thompson, "They Appear to Live Comfortable Together."12. PWRT, PWRT, 2:119. Letter to John McDowell, March 5, 1798. 2:119. Letter to John McDowell, March 5, 1798.13. Ibid., 2:448-49. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, July 24, 1798.14. Ibid., 3:179. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., November 4, 1798.15. Ibid., 3:291. Letter to Richard Raynal Keene, December 28, 1798.16. Ibid., 3:471. Letter to James Welch, April 7, 1799.17. Ibid., 4:423. Letter to Alexander Addison, November 24, 1799.18. Ibid., 4:296. Letter to James McHenry, September 14, 1799.19. Ibid., 4:297.20. Ibid., 2:109. Letter to William Augustine Washington, February 27, 1798.21. Ibid., 4:292. Letter to James Anderson, September 10, 1799.22. Ibid., 4:144. Letter from Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., June 22, 1799.23. WWR, WWR, 1044. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., July 21, 1799. 1044. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., July 21, 1799.24. Ibid.25. Ibid.26. Ibid., 1045.27. Ibid.28. PWRT, PWRT,4:275-76. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., August 30, 1799.29. Ibid., 4:276.30. Ibid.31. Ibid., 4:373. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 27, 1799.32. Ibid., 4:401. Letter from James McHenry, November 10, 1799.33. Ibid., 4:410. Letter to James McHenry, November 17, 1799.34. Ibid., 4:453. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, December 9, 1799.35. Ibid.

CHAPTER SIXTY-SIX: FREEDOM.

1. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68. 68.2. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 348. 348.3. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 79. 79.4. Ibid.5. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 351. 351.6. Ibid., 352.7. PWRT, PWRT,2:613. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, September 14, 1798.8. Ibid., 4:256. Letter to Robert Lewis, August 17, 1799.9. Ibid., 4:256-57.10. Ibid., 2:615.11. Ibid., 1:404. Letter to William Stoy, October 14, 1797.12. Harvey and O'Brien, George Washington's South, George Washington's South, 197. 197.13. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 7:583. 7:583.14. PWRT, PWRT, 4:491. "George Washington's Last Will and Testament," July 9, 1799. 4:491. "George Washington's Last Will and Testament," July 9, 1799.15. Ibid., 4:479.16. Ibid., 4:480.17. Ibid.18. Ibid.19. Ibid.20. Ibid.21. Ibid., 4:480-81.22. Ibid., 4:482.23. Ibid., 4:489.24. DiariesA, DiariesA,426.25. WWR, WWR, 1050. Letter to Burges Ball, September 22, 1799. 1050. Letter to Burges Ball, September 22, 1799.

CHAPTER SIXTY-SEVEN: .HOMECOMING.

1. PWRT, PWRT, 1:520. Letter from Martha Washington to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 17, 1797. 1:520. Letter from Martha Washington to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 17, 1797.2. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 89. 89.3. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Howell Lewis, December 9, 1799.4. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 136. 136.5. WWR, WWR,1051. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, December 12, 1799.6. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 192. 192.7. DiariesA, DiariesA,428. Diary entry for December 12, 1799.8. WWR, WWR,1052. Letter to James Anderson, December 13, 1799.9. PWRT, PWRT,4:548.10. DiariesA, DiariesA,428.11. Ibid., 429.12. Ibid.13. Ibid.14. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 202. 202.15. Ibid.16. DiariesA, DiariesA,430.17. Ibid., 430.18. PWRT, PWRT, 4:545. 4:545.19. DiariesA, DiariesA,430.20. Ibid.21. Ibid., 431.22. Ibid.23. Ibid.24. PWRT PWRT 4:491. "George Washington's Last Will and Testament," July 9, 1799. 4:491. "George Washington's Last Will and Testament," July 9, 1799.25. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 104. 104.26. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 26. 26.27. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 601. 601.28. Ibid.29. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 488. 488.30. DiariesA, DiariesA,423.31. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 32. 32.32. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 32. 32.33. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 266. 266.34. Weintraub, George Washington's Christmas Farewell, George Washington's Christmas Farewell, 66. 66.35. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 229. 229.36. Neely, "Mason Locke Weems's Life Life."37. Furstenberg, "Spinning the Revolution," New York Times, New York Times, July 4, 2006. July 4, 2006.38. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 135. 135.39. Ibid., 121.40. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 331. 331.41. Ibid.42. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 226. 226.43. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, Private Affairs of George Washington, 306. 306.44. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Letter from Sally Foster Otis to Mrs. Charles W. Apthorp, January 13, 1801.45. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Diary of Mana.s.seh Cutler, January 2, 1802.46. PWRT, PWRT,4:494.47. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Abigail Adams letter, December 21, 1800. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Abigail Adams letter, December 21, 1800.48. Bryan, First Lady of Liberty, First Lady of Liberty, 378. 378.49. PWRT, PWRT, 4:494. 4:494.50. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Undated letter by Sir Augustus John Foster.51. Malone, Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty, Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty, 3:443. 3:443.52. Smith,Correspondence and Miscellanies of the Hon. John Cotton Smith, 224. 224.53. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 19. 19.54. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1800-1841." Diary of Mana.s.seh Cutler, January 2, 1802.55. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 229. 229.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BOOKS.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893.

Addison, Joseph. Cato: A Tragedy, and Selected Essays Cato: A Tragedy, and Selected Essays. Reprint, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004.

Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. Reprint, New York: Vintage Books, 2001.

---. George Washington Remembers: Reflections on the French & Indian War George Washington Remembers: Reflections on the French & Indian War. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

Barratt, Carrie Rebora, and Ellen G. Miles. Gilbert Stuart Gilbert Stuart. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004.

Baxter, Katharine Schuyler. A G.o.dchild of Washington: A Picture of the Past A G.o.dchild of Washington: A Picture of the Past. New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1898.

Berg, Scott W. Grand Avenues: The Story of Pierre Charles L'Enfant, the French Visionary Who Designed Washington, D.C Grand Avenues: The Story of Pierre Charles L'Enfant, the French Visionary Who Designed Washington, D.C. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007.

Bla.s.singame, J. W., ed. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.

Bordewich, Fergus M. Washington: The Making of the American Capital Washington: The Making of the American Capital. New York: Amistad / HarperCollins, 2008.

Brady, Patricia. Martha Washington: An American Life. Martha Washington: An American Life. New York: Viking, 2005. New York: Viking, 2005.

---, ed. George Washington's Beautiful Nelly: The Letters of Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis to Elizabeth Bordley Gibson, 1794-1851 George Washington's Beautiful Nelly: The Letters of Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis to Elizabeth Bordley Gibson, 1794-1851. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1991.

Brookhiser, Richard. Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington. New York: Free Press, 1996.

Bryan, Helen. Martha Washington: First Lady of Liberty Martha Washington: First Lady of Liberty. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Burns, James MacGregor, and Susan Dunn. George Washington George Washington. New York: Times Books / Henry Holt, 2004.

Burr, Aaron. Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr. Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr. 2 vols. Edited by Mary-Jo Kline. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. 2 vols. Edited by Mary-Jo Kline. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books, 2006.

Cadou, Carol Borchert. The George Washington Collection: Fine and Decorative Arts at Mount Vernon The George Washington Collection: Fine and Decorative Arts at Mount Vernon. Manchester, N.Y.: Mount Vernon Ladies' a.s.sociation / Hudson Hills Press, 2006.

Callahan, North. Henry Knox: General Washington's General Henry Knox: General Washington's General. New York: Rinehart, 1958.

Cappon, Lester J., ed. The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams. Reprint, Chapel Hill and London: Published for the Omohundro Inst.i.tute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Virginia, 1959.

Casper, Scott E. Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon: The Forgotten History of an American Shrine. Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon: The Forgotten History of an American Shrine. New York: Hill & w.a.n.g, 2008. New York: Hill & w.a.n.g, 2008.

Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.

Chinard, Gilbert. George Washington as the French Knew Him George Washington as the French Knew Him. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1940.

Conkling, Margaret C. Memoirs of the Mother and Wife of Washington Memoirs of the Mother and Wife of Washington. Auburn, N.Y.: Derby, Miller, 1850.

Conway, Moncure Daniel. Omitted Chapters of History Disclosed in the Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph. Omitted Chapters of History Disclosed in the Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1888. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1888.

Cunliffe, Marcus. George Washington: Man and Monument George Washington: Man and Monument. Reprint, New York: New American Library, 1958.

Custis, George Washington Parke. Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1860.

Dalzell, Robert F., Jr., and Lee Baldwin Dalzell. George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Darnton, Robert. George Washington's False Teeth: An Unconventional Guide to the Eighteenth Century. George Washington's False Teeth: An Unconventional Guide to the Eighteenth Century. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.

Decatur, Stephen, Jr. Private Affairs of George Washington: From the Records and Accounts of Tobias Lear, Esquire, His Secretary Private Affairs of George Washington: From the Records and Accounts of Tobias Lear, Esquire, His Secretary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1933.

Elkins, Stanley, and Eric McKitrick. The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800 The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Ellis, Joseph. His Excellency: George Washington His Excellency: George Washington. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.

---. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007.

Evans, Dorinda. The Genius of Gilbert Stuart The Genius of Gilbert Stuart. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999.

Felder, Paula S. Fielding Lewis and the Washington Family: A Chronicle of 18th Century Fredericksburg. Fielding Lewis and the Washington Family: A Chronicle of 18th Century Fredericksburg. Fredericksburg, Va.: The American History Company, 1998. Fredericksburg, Va.: The American History Company, 1998.

Ferling, John E. The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon. The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009.

Fields, Joseph E., ed. "Worthy Partner": The Papers of Martha Washington "Worthy Partner": The Papers of Martha Washington. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994.

Fischer, David Hackett. Washington's Crossing Washington's Crossing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed. The Writings of George Washington The Writings of George Washington. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931-44.

Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington. George Washington. 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965-72. 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965-72.

Freeman, Douglas Southall. George Washington: A Biography. George Washington: A Biography. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948-57. Volume 7 completed by John A. Carroll and Mary W. Ashworth. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948-57. Volume 7 completed by John A. Carroll and Mary W. Ashworth.

Fulford, Roger. Hanover to Windsor Hanover to Windsor. London: B. T. Batsford, 1960.

Furstenberg, Francois. In the Name of the Father: Washington's Legacy, Slavery, and the Making of a Nation. In the Name of the Father: Washington's Legacy, Slavery, and the Making of a Nation. New York: Penguin Press, 2006. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.

Gaines, James R. For Liberty and Glory: Washington, Lafayette, and Their Revolutions For Liberty and Glory: Washington, Lafayette, and Their Revolutions. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.

Goldwin, Robert A. From Parchment to Power: How James Madison Used the Bill of Rights to Save the Const.i.tution. From Parchment to Power: How James Madison Used the Bill of Rights to Save the Const.i.tution. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1997. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1997.

Golway, Terry. Washington's General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution Washington's General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution. New York: Henry Holt, 2005.

Gordon-Reed, Annette. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.

Grant, James. John Adams: Party of One. John Adams: Party of One. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005.

Griswold, Mac. Washington's Gardens at Mount Vernon: Landscape of the Inner Man Washington's Gardens at Mount Vernon: Landscape of the Inner Man. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. George! A Guide to All Things Washington George! A Guide to All Things Washington. Charlottesville, Va.: Mariner, 2005.

Guerrero, Linda Dudik. John Adams' Vice-Presidency, 1789-1797: The Neglected Man in the Forgotten Office John Adams' Vice-Presidency, 1789-1797: The Neglected Man in the Forgotten Office. New York: Arno Press, 1982.

Hague, William. William Pitt the Younger: A Biography William Pitt the Younger: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

Harvey, Tamara, and Greg O'Brien, eds. George Washington's South George Washington's South. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003.

Hayden, Sidney. Washington and His Masonic Compeers Washington and His Masonic Compeers. New York: Masonic Publishing and Manufacturing Co., 1866.

Henriques, Peter R. Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006.

Hervey, N. The Memory of Washington with Biographical Sketches of His Mother and Wife The Memory of Washington with Biographical Sketches of His Mother and Wife. Boston: James Munroe, 1852.

Higginbotham, Don, ed. George Washington Reconsidered George Washington Reconsidered. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2001.