Trees of the Northern United States Part 21

* Calyx, stipules, bracts, etc., often glandular. (=A.=)

=A.= Flowers and fruit often over 6 in a cl.u.s.ter. (=B.=)

=B.= Leaves usually abrupt at base 1.

=B.= Leaves usually attenuate at base 2.

=A.= Flowers and fruit few, 1 to 6 in a cl.u.s.ter 10.

* Calyx, etc., without glands (No. 4 has glandular teeth to the calyx); flowers many in a cl.u.s.ter. (=C.=)

=C.= Leaves more or less tapering at base. (=D.=)

=D.= Leaves generally lobed; cultivated, rarely escaped 3.

=D.= Leaves rarely lobed; native. (=E.=)

=E.= Leaves small, shining, crenate at the end 5.

=E.= Leaves villous or p.u.b.escent, at least when young 9.

=E.= Leaves smooth or only downy at the axils, acutely serrate. South 7.

=C.= Leaves usually abrupt at base, sometimes cordate. (=F.=)

=F.= Leaves downy when young. (=G.=)

=G.= Leaves usually lobed 4.

=G.= Leaves rarely lobed; veins very prominent 8.

=F.= Leaves quite smooth 6.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. coccinea.]

1. =Crataegus coccinea=, L. (SCARLET-FRUITED THORN.) Leaves bright green, smooth, thin, roundish-ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed, on slender petioles. Branches reddish, villous-p.u.b.escent; spines stout, chestnut-brown. Flowers large, to 2/3 in., many in a corymb, on glandular peduncles. May to June. Fruit scarlet, round or pear-shaped, in.; ripe in September, with from 1 to 5 cells and seeds. Tall shrub or low tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, in hedges and woods; common from Canada to Florida.

Var. _mollis_ has the shoots densely p.u.b.escent; leaves large, slender-petioled, cuneate, cordate or truncate at base, usually with acute narrow lobes, often rough above, and more or less densely p.u.b.escent beneath. Flowers large, 1 in.; fruit light scarlet with a light bloom, 1 in. broad.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. Crus-galli.]

2. =Crataegus Crus-galli=, L. (c.o.c.kSPUR THORN.) Leaves smooth, thick, shining above, wedge-obovate, finely serrate above the middle, with a short petiole. There are broad and narrow-leaved varieties. Flowers large and numerous, in lateral corymbs. May to June. Fruit globular, 1/3 in. broad, dull red; ripe in September and October. A small tree with a flat, bushy head, horizontal branches, and long, sharp thorns. Wild and common throughout, and often planted.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. oxyacantha.]

3. =Crataegus oxyacantha.= (ENGLISH HAWTHORN.) Leaves obovate, smooth, wedge-shaped at base, cut-lobed and toothed above. No glands. Flowers medium-sized, in., single or double, white, rose, or pink-red, numerous in corymbs. In spring. Fruit coral-red, 1/3 in.; ripe in autumn. A small tree or shrub, fine for lawn; from Europe; also escaped in some places.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. apiifolia.]

4. =Crataegus apiifolia=, Michx. (PARSLEY-LEAVED THORN.) Leaves small, ovate, with a broad truncate or heart-shaped base, pinnatifid into 5 to 7 crowded, irregularly toothed lobes; white and soft-downy when young, smoothish when grown; petioles slender. Flowers medium-sized, in., many in a corymb, white. May to June. Fruit small, 1/3 in., coral-red, ripe in autumn. A handsome, low (10 to 20 ft. high), spreading tree, with flexible branches and white-downy twigs. Virginia and south, in moist woods.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. spathulata.]

5. =Crataegus spathulata=, Michx. (SPATULATE-LEAVED THORN.) Leaves almost evergreen, thick, shining, spatulate, crenate toward the apex and nearly sessile, those on the young downy branches somewhat cut or lobed.

Flowers small, in., in large cl.u.s.ters. May. Fruit small, in., bright red; ripe in October. A small tree, 12 to 25 ft. high; Virginia and south.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. cordata.]

6. =Crataegus cordata=, Ait. (WASHINGTON THORN.) Leaves broadly triangular-ovate, somewhat heart-shaped, thin, deep shining green, smooth, often 3- to 5-lobed and serrate, on slender petioles. Flowers small, 2/5 in., many in terminal corymbs, white. May, June. Fruit scarlet, about the size of peas; ripe in September. A compact, close-headed, small tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with many slender thorns.

Virginia, Kentucky, and southward. Sometimes planted in the North for hedges.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. viridis.]

7. =Crataegus viridis=, L. (TALL HAWTHORN.) Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, mostly acute at both ends, on slender petioles; acutely serrate, often somewhat lobed and often downy in the axils. Flowers numerous, in large cl.u.s.ters. Fruit bright red, or orange, ovoid, small, in. broad. A small tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with few large thorns or without thorns. Southern Illinois and Missouri, along the Mississippi and in the Southern States.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. tomentsa.]

8. =Crataegus tomentsa=, L. (BLACK OR PEAR HAWTHORN.) Leaves downy-p.u.b.escent on the lower side (at least when young), thickish, rather large, oval or ovate-oblong, sharply toothed and often cut-lobed below, abruptly narrowed into a margined petiole, the upper surface impressed along the main veins or ribs. Branches gray. Flowers ill-scented, many in a corymb. Fruit in. long, obovate to globose, dull red. Shrub or tree, 10 to 30 ft. high, wild in western New York, west and south.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. punctata.]

9. =Crataegus punctata.= (DOTTED-FRUITED HAWTHORN.) Leaves rather small, mostly wedge-obovate, attenuate and entire below, unequally toothed above, rarely lobed, villous-p.u.b.escent, becoming smooth but dull, the veins prominent beneath and impressed above. Fruit globose, large, 1 in. broad, red to bright yellow; peduncles not glandular. Shrub to tree, 10 to 20 ft. high, with horizontal branches; Canada to Georgia.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. flava.]

10. =Crataegus flava=, Ait. (YELLOW OR SUMMER HAW.) Leaves small, wedge-obovate, unequally toothed and cut above the middle; on short petioles; the teeth, stipules and petioles glandular. Flowers mostly solitary, white, large ( in). May. Fruit usually pear-shaped, quite large ( in. long), yellow or greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged or spotted with red, pleasant-flavored. Ripe in autumn. A low spreading tree, 15 to 20 ft. high. Virginia, south and west, in sandy soil.

Var. _p.u.b.escens_ is downy-or villous-p.u.b.escent when young, and has thicker leaves and larger and redder fruit.

GENUS =39. AMELaNCHIER.=

Small trees or shrubs with simple, deciduous, alternate, sharply serrate leaves; cherry-blossom-like, white flowers, in racemes at the end of the branches, before the leaves are fully expanded. Fruit a small apple-like pome; seeds 10 or less, in separate cartilaginous-coated cells.

[Ill.u.s.tration: A. Canadensis.]

=Amelanchier Canadensis=, Torr. & Gray. (SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.) A very variable species with many named varieties. The leaves, 1 to 3 in.

long, vary from narrow-oblong to roundish or cordate; bracts and stipules silky-ciliate. Flowers large, in drooping racemes, in early spring, with petals from 2 to 5 times as long as wide. Fruit globular, in. broad, purplish, sweet, edible; ripe in June. It varies from a low shrub to a middle-sized tree, 5 to 30 ft. high.

ORDER =XIX. HAMAMELiDEae.=

(WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY.)

A small family of trees and shrubs represented in most countries.

GENUS =40. HAMAMeLIS.=