The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 71

Rept._, vol. iii. 'Los nombres de los pueblos del Moqui son, segun lengua de los Yavipais, Sesepaulaba, Masagneve, Janogualpa, Muqui, Concabe y Muca a quien los zunis llaman Oraive, que es en el que estuve.' _Garces_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., p. 332; _Ruxton's Adven. Mex._, p. 195; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p. 127.

[793] Affirmations are abundant enough, but they have no foundation whatever in fact, and many are absurd on their face. 'Nous affirmons que les Indiens Pueblos et les anciens Mexicains sont issus d'une seule et meme souche.' _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom.

cxxvi., p. 44. 'These Indians claim, and are generally supposed, to have descended from the ancient Aztec race.' _Merriwether_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1854, p. 174. 'They are the descendants of the ancient rulers of the country.' _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 114. 'They are the remains of a once powerful people.' _Walker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1872, p. 55; _Colyer_, in _Id._, 1869, p. 90. 'They (Moquis) are supposed by some to be descended from the band of Welsh, which Prince Madoc took with him on a voyage of discovery, in the twelfth century; and it is said that they weave peculiarly and in the same manner as the people of Wales.' _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 81. 'Il est a.s.sez singulier que les Moquis soient designes par les trappers et les cha.s.seurs americains, qui penetrent dans leur pays ... sous le nom d'Indiens Welches.' _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., p. 55. 'Moques, supposed to be vestiges of Aztecs.' _Amer.

Quart. Register_, vol. i., p. 173; _Prichard's Researches_, vol. v., p.

431.

[794] 'Les hommes sont pet.i.ts.' _Mendoza_, _Lettre_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 294. The Moquis are 'of medium size and indifferently proportioned, their features strongly marked and homely, with an expression generally bright and good-natured.' _Ives' Colorado Riv._, pp. 120-2, 123-7. The Keres 'sind hohen Wuchses.' _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. ii., p. 528; _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 453; _Ha.s.sel_, _Mex.

Guat._, p. 197; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. ii., p.

240; _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 301; _Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon._, p.

93; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp.

67-8; _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., pp.

52-3; _Pike's Explor. Trav._, p. 342.

[795] 'The people are somewhat white.' _Niza_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol.

iii., p. 372. 'Much fairer in complexion than other tribes.' _Ruxton's Adven. Mex._, p. 195; _Kendall's Nar._, vol. i., p. 379; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 230; _Prichard's Researches_, vol. v., pp. 423, 431; _Walker_, in _S. F. Herald_, _Oct. 15, 1853_; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol.

ii., p. 41.

[796] 'Prettiest squaws I have yet seen.' _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 111.

Good looking and symmetrical. _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 421-2.

[797] _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 81. 'Many of the inhabitants have white skin, fair hair, and blue eyes.' _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. i., p. 210, vol. ii., p. 66; _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 220-1; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 285; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 456.

[798] 'A robust and well-formed race.' _Cremony's Apaches_, pp. 90, 103.

'Well built, generally tall and bony.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._ The Maricopas 'sont de stature plus haute et plus athletique que les Pijmos.' _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., p. 290; see also _Emory_, in _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, pp.

49, 50; _Id._, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. ii., p. 12; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 19; _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom. iii., p. 103; _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 196; _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 132; _Bigler's Early Days in Utah and Nevada, MS._; _Johnson's Hist.

Arizona_, p. 11; _Brackett_, in _Western Monthly_, p. 169; _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., p. 448; _San Francis...o...b..lletin_, _July, 1860_.

[799] 'Las mujeres hermosas.' _Mange_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., pp. 298, 364. 'Rather too much inclined to embonpoint.' _Ives'

Colorado Riv._, pp. 31, 33, 39; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p.

229.

[800] 'Ambos secsos ... no mal parecidos y muy melenudos.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, pp. 116, 161. 'Triguenos de color.' _Sedelmair_, _Relacion_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 851. 'Die Ma.s.se, d.i.c.ke und Lange ihres Haupthaares grenzt an das Unglaubliche.'

_Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., p. 455; _Id._, _Cent. Amer._, p.

513; _Prichard's Nat. Hist. Man_, vol. ii., p. 557; _Pattie's Pers.

Nar._, pp. 143-5, 149; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 180.

[801] 'Heads are uncovered.' _Ruxton's Adven. Mex._, p. 196. 'Los hombres visten, y calcan de cuero, y las mugeres, que se precian de largos cabellos, cubren sus cabecas y verguencas con lo mesmo.'

_Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 275. 'De kleeding bestond uit kotoene mantels, huiden tot broeken, genaeyt, schoenen en laerzen van goed leder.' _Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, pp. 209, 217-18. The women 'having the calves of their legs wrapped or stuffed in such a manner as to give them a swelled appearance.' _Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon._, pp. 14, 115; _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, pp. 297-8, 301, 303, 312-13; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., pp. 377, 380; _Espejo_, in _Id._, pp.

384-96; _Niza_, in _Id._, pp. 368, 370; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 457; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, pp. 30, 122, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii.; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. i., pp.

197, 203, vol. ii., pp. 213, 281; _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 73-88; _Wizlizenus' Tour_, p. 26; _Larenaudiere_, _Mex. et Gaut._, p. 147; _Warden_, _Recherches_, p. 79; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp. 99-100, 105-6; _Foster's Pre-Hist. Races_, p. 394; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp.

61-68, 76, 163, 173, 177; _Jaramillo_, in _Id._, pp. 369-371; _Ives'

Colorado Riv._, pp. 119-127; _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., p. 53; _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 220; _Abert_, in _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 471; _Mayer's Mex., Aztec, etc._, vol. ii., p. 359; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 217, 283; _Kendall's Nar._, vol. i., p. 379; _Revilla-Gigedo_, _Carta, MS._; _Alcedo_, _Diccionario_, tom. iv., p. 388; _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, p. 479; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., pp. 248, 279-80; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. ii., pp. 195, 239.

[802] Both s.e.xes go bareheaded. 'The hair is worn long, and is done up in a great queue that falls down behind.' _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 147, 154-5, 421. The women 'trencan los cabellos, y rodeanse los a la cabeca, por sobre las orejas.' _Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 273. 'Llevan las viejas el pelo hecho dos trenzas y las mozas un mono sobre cada oreja.'

_Garces_, _Diario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., pp. 328-9; _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 220.

[803] 'Van vestidos estos indios con frazadas de alG.o.don, que ellos fabrican, y otras de lana.' _Garces_, _Diario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., p. 235. Their dress is cotton of domestic manufacture. _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 132. 'Kunstreich dagegen sind die bunten Gurtel gewebt, mit denen die Madchen ein Stuck Zeug als Rock um die Huften binden.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., pp. 440, 447; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 68; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 123; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 452, vol.

ii., pp. 216-7, 219; _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 104; _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp.

de Jesus_, tom. iii., p. 103; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, pp. 31, 33; _Mowry's Arizona_, p. 30; _Mange_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom.

i., pp. 364-5; _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 116; _Briefe aus den Verein. Staat._, tom. ii., p. 322.

[804] 'Men never cut their hair.' _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 90. They plait and wind it round their heads in many ways; one of the most general forms a turban which they smear with wet earth. _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., pp. 454-6; _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, p.

47; _Emory_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. ii., p. 9; _Pattie's Pers.

Nar._, pp. 143, 145, 149; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 107; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 296.

[805] _Sonora_, _Descrip. Geog._, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom.

iv., p. 542. 'All of them paint, using no particular design; the men mostly with dark colors, the women, red and yellow.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Johnson's Hist. Arizona_, p. 11. 'The women when they arrive at maturity, ... draw two lines with some blue-colored dye from each corner of the mouth to the chin.' _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p. 228.

[806] 'Adornanse con gargantillas de caracolillos del mar, entreverados de otras cuentas de concha colorada redonda.' _Mange_, in _Doc. Hist.

Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 299. 'They had many ornaments of sea sh.e.l.ls.' _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 132. 'Some have long strings of sea-sh.e.l.ls.' _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p. 230-1. 'Rarely use ornaments.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, pp. 252-6; _Sedelmair_, _Relacion_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp.

850-1.

[807] _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 91; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. 131, p. 292; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 108. The Maricopas 'occupy thatched cottages, thirty or forty feet in diameter, made of the twigs of cotton-wood trees, interwoven with the straw of wheat, corn-stalks, and cane.' _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 132; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 117; _Mange_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., pp. 277, 365-6.

'Leurs (Papagos) maisons sont de formes coniques et construites en jonc et en bois.' _Soc. Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 188; _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Villa-Senor y Sanchez_, _Theatro_, tom. ii., p.

395; _Sedelmair_, _Relacion_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom.

iv., p. 851; _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, pp. 115, 161. 'Andere, besonders die dummen Papagos, machten Locher und schliefen des Nachts hierinnen; ja im Winter machten sie in ihren Dachslochern zuvor Feuer, und hitzten dieselben.' _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 245. 'Their summer shelters are of a much more temporary nature, being constructed after the manner of a common arbor, covered with willow rods, to obstruct the rays of the vertical sun.' _Hughes' Doniphan's Ex._, p. 222. In front of the Pimo house is usually 'a large arbor, on top of which is piled the cotton in the pod, for drying.' _Emory_, in _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, p. 48. The Papagos' huts were 'fermees par des peaux de buffles.' _Ferry_, _Scenes de la Vie Sauvage_, p. 107. Granary built like the Mexican _jakals_. They are better structures than their dwellings, more open, in order to give a free circulation of air through the grain deposited in them. _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 382, vol. ii., pp. 233-5.

[808] _Villa-Senor y Sanchez_, _Theatro_, tom. ii., p. 412; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, pp. 21, 23, 122, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. ii.; _Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p. 177; _Salmeron_, _Relaciones_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp. 25, 30-1. 'Ellas son las que hacen, y edifican las Casas, a.s.si de Piedra, como de Adove, y Tierra amasada; y con no tener la Pared mas de vn pie de ancho, suben las Casas dos, y tres, y quatro, y cinco Sobrados, o Altos; y a cada Alto, corresponde vn Corredor por de fuera; si sobre esta altura hechan mas altos, o Sobrados (porque ay Casas que llegan a siete) son los demas, no de Barro, sino de Madera.' _Torquemada_, _Monarq. Ind._, tom. i., p.

681. For further particulars, see _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 2, 42, 58, 69, 71, 76, 80, 138, 163, 167, 169; _Niza_, in _Id._, pp. 261, 269, 270, 279; _Diaz_, in _Id._, pp. 293, 296; _Jaramillo_, in _Id._, pp. 369, _Cordoue_, in _Id._, tom.

x., pp. 438-9; _Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon._, pp. 13, 90, 114; _Bent_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. i., p. 244; _Ten Broeck_, in _Id._, vol.

iv., pp. 76, 80, and plates, pp. 24, 72; _Warden_, _Recherches_, p. 79; _Ruxton's Adven. Mex._, p. 191; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol.

xvii., p. 455; _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 453; _Ha.s.sel_, _Mex. Guat._, p. 278; _Mayer's Mex., Aztec, etc._, vol. ii., p. 359; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., pp. 268, 276; _Hughes'

Doniphan's Ex._, p. 195; _Garces_, _Diario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., p. 322; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, pp. 119, 121, 126; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp. 97, 99, 104, 105; _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., pp. 42, 45, 52, 57; _Gallatin_, in _Id._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., pp. 248, 257, 267, 270, 277, 278, 288; _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., pp. 385, 392, 394-6; _Coronado_, in _Id._, vol. iii., pp. 377, 379; _Niza_, in _Id._, vol. iii., pp. 367, 372; _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. ii., p. 538; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. ii., p. 238; _Id._, _Tagebuch_, pp.

217-18, 285; _Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, pp. 209, 215, 217. The town of Cibola 'domos e lapidibus et caemento affabre constructas et conjunctim dispositas esse, superliminaria portarum cyaneis gemmis, (Turcoides vocant) ornata.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, pp. 297, 311-14; _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, p. 480. 'The houses are well distributed and very neat. One room is designed for the kitchen, and another to grind the grain. This last is apart, and contains a furnace and three stones made fast in masonry.' _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 118-20, 141, 311, 313, 318, 420, 422; _Castano de Sosa_, in _Pacheco_, _Col.

Doc. Ined._, tom. iv., pp. 329-30; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p.

178; _Foster's Pre-Hist. Races_, p. 394.

[809] In the province of Tucayan, 'domiciliis inter se junctis et affabre constructis, in quibus et tepidaria quae vulgo Stuvas appellamus, sub terra constructa adversus hyemis vehementiam.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 301. 'In the centre was a small square box of stone, in which was a fire of guava bushes, and around this a few old men were smoking.' _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 110. 'Estufas, que mas propiamente deberian llamar sinagogas. En estas hacen sus juntas, forman sus conciliabulos, y ensayan sus bailes a puerta cerrada.' _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom. i., p. 333; _Beaumont_, _Cron. de Mechoacan, MS._, p. 418; _Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 273; _Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon._, pp. 13, 21; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 139, 165, 169-70, 176; _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., pp. 392-3; _Niel_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp. 90-1.

[810] 'Magna ipsis Mayzu copia et leguminum.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, pp. 298, 302, 310-13, 315. 'Hallaron en los pueblos y casas muchos mantenimientos, y gran infinidad de gallinas de la tierra.' _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., pp. 386, 393. 'Criaban las Indias muchas Gallinas de la Tierra.' _Torquemada_, _Monarq. Ind._, tom. i., p. 678.

'Zy leven by mair, witte orweten, haesen, konynen en vorder wild-braed.'

_Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, p. 215, and _Dapper_, _Neue Welt_, p. 242.

Compare _Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p. 177; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp.

97-8, 104, 108; _Cortez_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 122; _Sitgreaves' Zuni Ex._, pp. 5-6; _Jaramillo_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 369-71; _Diaz_, in _Id._, pp. 294-5; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., pp. 268, 281; _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 86; _Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon._, pp. 16, 82, 91, 113; _Wislizenus' Tour_, p. 26; _Bent_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. i., p. 244; Ruxton, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., p. 52; _Gallatin_, in _Id._, 1851, tom.

cx.x.xi., pp. 270-1, 279, 288-9, 292, 297; _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom.

ii., pp. 439, 445, 453; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in the Felsengeb._, tom.

ii., pp. 239, 284; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., pp. 178, 214-18, 233-7; _Browne's Apache Country_, pp. 78, 94, 107-10, 141-2, 276-7; _Sedelmair_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp. 848, 850; _Id._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 19; _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 131; _Mowry's Arizona_, p. 30; _Ha.s.sel_, _Mex. Guat._, p. 278; _Hughes'

Doniphan's Ex._, pp. 196, 221; _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol.

iv., p. 221; _Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 273; _Ind. Aff. Repts._, from 1857 to 1872.

[811] 'Para su sustento no reusa animal, por inmundo que sea.'

_Villa-Senor y Sanchez_, _Theatro_, tom. ii., p. 395. 'Los papagos se mantienen de los frutos silvestres.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, pp. 160-1. 'Hatten grossen Appet.i.t zu Pferd- und Mauleselfleisch.'

_Murr_, _Nachrichten_, pp. 247-9, 267, 282-92; _Sonora_, _Descrip., Geog._, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp. 837-8; _Soc.

Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 188; _Stone_, in _Hist. Mag._, vol. v., p. 166.

[812] The Pimas 'Hacen grandes siembras ... para cuyo riego tienen formadas buenas acequias.' _Garces_, _Diario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., pp. 235, 237. 'We were at once impressed with the beauty, order, and disposition of the arrangements for irrigating.'

_Emory_, in _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, pp. 47-8. With the Pueblos: 'Regen-bakken vergaederden 't water: of zy leiden 't uit een rievier door graften.' _Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, p. 218; _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 312; _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., pp.

385-7, 392-4; _Cutts' Conq. of Cal._, p. 196.