The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 24

The _Noosdalums_, or Nusdalums, 'dwell on Hood's Channel.' _Ludewig_, _Ab. Lang._, p. 135. 'Die Noosdalum, wohnen am Hood's-Ca.n.a.l;'

_Buschmann_, _Brit. Nordamer._, p. 373. 'Noostlalums, consist of eleven tribes or septs living about the entrance of Hood's ca.n.a.l, Dungeness, Port Discovery, and the coast to the westward.' _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 700.

The _Chimak.u.m_, or Chinak.u.m, 'territory seems to have embraced the sh.o.r.e from Port Townsend to Port Ludlow.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 242-244. 'On Port Townsend Bay.' _Id._, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp. 431, 435; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598.

The _Clallams_, or Clalams, are 'about Port Discovery.' _Nicolay's Ogn.

Ter._, p. 143. 'Their country stretches along the whole southern sh.o.r.e of the Straits to between Port Discovery and Port Townsend.' _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 429; _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 242, 244. Southern sh.o.r.e of the Straits of Fuca east of the Cla.s.sets. _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 220. At Port Discovery. _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. iv., p. 319.

Sklallum, 'between Los Angelos and Port Townsend.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598. Sklallams, 'at Cape Flattery.' _Id._, vol. v., p. 491. 'Scattered along the strait and around the bays and bights of Admiralty Inlet, upon a sh.o.r.eline of more than a hundred miles.'

_Scammon_, in _Overland Monthly_, 1871, vol. vii., p. 278. 'S'Klallams, Chemak.u.m, Toanhooch, Skokomish, and bands of the same, taking names from their villages, ... and all residing on the sh.o.r.es of the straits of Fuca and Hood's Ca.n.a.l.' _Webster_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1862, p. 407.

Kahtai, Kaquaith, and Stehllum, at Port Townsend, Port Discovery, and New Dungeness. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 491; _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 249. Stentlums at New Dungeness. _Id._, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435.

[Sidenote: INDIANS OF THE COAST OF WASHINGTON.]

The _Makahs_, or _Cla.s.sets_, dwell about Cape Flattery. Macaw, 'Cape Flattery to Neah Bay.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598.

Pistchin, 'Neah Bay to Los Angelos Point.' _Ib._ 'Country about Cape Flattery, and the coast for some distance to the southward, and eastward to the boundary of the Halam or Noostlalum lands.' _Id._, vol. v., p.

700; _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 241, 249; _Hale_, in _Id._, 1862, p. 390; _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp. 429, 435. 'At Neah Bay or Waadda, and its vicinity.' _Simmons_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1858, p. 231. Tatouche, a tribe of the Cla.s.sets. _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. iv., p. 516. Cla.s.sets 'reside on the south side of the Straits of Fuca.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 220; _Mitch.e.l.l and Harley_, in _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p.

388. Tatouche or Cla.s.sets, 'between the Columbia and the strait of Fuca.' _Nicolay's Ogn. Ter._, p. 143. 'Clatset tribe.' _Cornwallis' N.

El Dorado_, p. 97. 'Cla.s.sets, on the Strait of Fuca.' _Greenhow's Hist.

Ogn._, p. 30; _Stevens' Address_, p. 10. Makahs, 'inhabiting a wild broken peninsula circ.u.mscribed by the river Wyatch, the waters of the Strait and the Pacific.' _Scammon_, in _Overland Monthly_, 1871, vol.

vii., p. 277. Klaizzarts, 'living nearly three hundred miles to the South' of Nootka Sound. _Jewitt's Nar._, p. 75. The Elkwhahts have a village on the strait. _Sproat's Scenes_, p. 153.

List of tribes between Columbia River and Cape Flattery on the Coast; Calasthocle, Chillates, Chiltz, Clamoctomichs, Killaxthocles, Pailsh, Potoashs, Quieetsos, Quinnechart, Quiniults. _Morse's Rept._, p. 371.

The _Quillehute_ and _Queniult_, or Quenaielt, 'occupy the sea-coast between Ozelt or old Cape Flattery, on the north, and Quinaielt river on the south.' _Simmons_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1860, p. 195. Quinaielt, Quillehute, Queets, and Hoh, live on the Quinaielt river and ocean.

_Smith_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 21. The Queniult live 'at Point Grenville.' _Swan's N. W. Coast_, p. 210. 'On the banks of a river of the same name.' _Id._, p. 78. The Wilapahs 'on the Wilapah River.'

_Id._, p. 211. The Copalis 'on the Copalis River, eighteen miles north of Gray's Harbor.' _Id._, p. 210. Quinaitle, north of Gray's Harbor.

_Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 249. Quinaik, 'coast from Gray's harbor northward.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p.

435. Ehihalis, Quinailee, Grey's Harbor and north. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 490. South of the Cla.s.sets along the coast come the Quinnechants, Calasthortes, Chillates, Quinults, Pailsk, etc. _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p. 428. The Kaliouches and Konnichtchates, spoken of as dwelling on Destruction Island and the neighboring main. _Tarakanov_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1823, tom. xx., p. 336, et seq.

The _Chehalis_, or Chickeeles, 'inhabit the country around Gray's Harbour.' _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. v., p. 140. On the Chehalis river. _Nesmith_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1867, p. 8. Frequent also Shoalwater Bay. _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 240, 249. On the Cowelits. 'Among the Tsihailish are included the Kwaiantl and Kwenaiwitl ... who live near the coast, thirty or forty miles south of Cape Flattery.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., pp.

211-12. 'In the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia.' _Catlin's N. Am.

Ind._, vol. ii., p. 113. 'Chekilis, et Quinayat. Pres du havre de Gray et la riviere Chekilis.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p. 335; _Swan's N. W. Coast_, p. 210; _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435; _Starling_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 599. 'A quarante milles au nord, (from the Columbia) le long de la cote, habitent les Tcheilichs.' _Stuart_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1821, tom. x., p. 90. The Whiskkah and Wynooche tribes on the northern branches of the Chihailis. _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 240. Sachals 'reside about the lake of the same name, and along the river Chickeeles.' _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. v., p. 140.

The _Cowlitz_ live on the upper Cowlitz River. Occupy the middle of the peninsula which lies west of Puget Sound and north of the Columbia.

_Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 211. On the Cowlitz River. The Taitinapams have their abode at the base of the mountains on the Cowlitz. _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435; and in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 240, 249; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 599, vol. v., p. 490. Cowlitsick, 'on Columbia river, 62 miles from its mouth.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 368. There are three small tribes in the vicinity of the Cowlitz Farm, 'the Cowlitz, the Checaylis and the Squally.' _Simpson's Overland Journ._, vol. i., p. 179. The Staktomish live 'between Nisqually and Cowlitz and the head waters of Chehaylis river.' _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 389; _Harley_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701.

[Sidenote: THE CHINOOK FAMILY.]

THE CHINOOK FAMILY includes, according to my division, all the tribes of Oregon west of the Cascade Range, together with those on the north bank of the Columbia river. The name has usually been applied only to the tribes of the Columbia Valley up to the Dalles, and belonged originally to a small tribe on the north bank near the mouth. 'The nation, or rather family, to which the generic name of Chinook has attached, formerly inhabited both banks of the Columbia River, from its mouth to the Grand Dalles, a distance of about a hundred and seventy miles.' 'On the north side of the river, first the Chinooks proper (Tchi-nuk), whose territory extended from Cape Disappointment up the Columbia to the neighborhood of Gray's _Bay_ (not Gray's _Harbor_, which is on the Pacific), and back to the northern vicinity of Shoalwater Bay, where they interlocked with the Chihalis of the coast.' _Gibbs' Chinook Vocab._, pp. iii., iv. The name Watlalas or Upper Chinooks 'properly belongs to the Indians at the Cascades,' but is applied to all 'from the Multnoma Island to the Falls of the Columbia.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U.

S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., pp. 214-5. 'The princ.i.p.al tribes or bands were the Wakaikam (known as the Wahkyek.u.m), the Katlamat (Cathlamet), the Tshinuk (Chinook), and the Tlatsap (Clatsop).' _Ib._ 'The natives, who dwell about the lower parts of the Columbia, may be divided into four tribes--the Clotsops, who reside around Point Adams, on the south side; ... the Chinooks; Waakiac.u.ms; and the Cathlamets; who live on the north side of the river, and around Baker's Bay and other inlets.' _Dunn's Oregon_, p. 114. The tribes may be cla.s.sed: 'Chinooks, Clatsops, Cathlamux, Wakic.u.ms, Wacalamus, Cattleputles, Clatscanias, Killimux, Moltnomas, Chickelis.' _Ross' Adven._, p. 87. Tribes on north bank of the Columbia from mouth; Chilts, Chinnook, Cathlamah, Wahkiak.u.me, Skillute, Quathlapotle. _Lewis and Clarke's Map._ 'All the natives inhabiting the southern sh.o.r.e of the Straits (of Fuca), and the deeply indented territory as far as and including the tide-waters of the Columbia, may be comprehended under the general term of Chinooks.'

_Pickering's Races_, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. ix., p. 25. 'The Chenook nation resides along upon the Columbia river, from the Cascades to its confluence with the ocean.' _Parker's Explor. Tour_, p. 261. 'Inhabiting the lower parts of the Columbia.' _Catlin's N. Am. Ind._, vol. ii., p.

110. 'Hauts-Tchinouks, pres des cascades du Rio Colombia. Tchinouks d'en bas, des Cascades jusqu'a la mer, Bas-Tchinouks.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., pp. 335, 350-1. 'On the right bank of the Columbia.'

_Ludewig_, _Ab. Lang._, p. 40. The Cheenooks and Kelussuyas, 4 tribes, live at 'Pillar Rock, Oak Point, the Dallas, the Cascades, Cheate River, Takama River, on the Columbia.' 'Cheenooks, Clatsops and several tribes near the entrance of the Columbia River.' _Warre and Vavasour_, in _Martin's Hud. B._, p. 81. Upper and Lower Chinooks on the Columbia River, Lower Chinooks at Shoalwater Bay. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 490. Chinooks, 'north of the Columbia.' _Id._, p. 492. 'Upper Chinooks, five bands, Columbia River, above the Cowlitz. Lower Chinooks, Columbia River below the Cowlitz, and four other bands on Shoalwater Bay.' _Stevens_, in _Id._, p. 703. 'Mouth of Columbia river, north side, including some 50 miles interior.' _Emmons_, in _Id._, vol. iii., p.

201. The Chinnooks 'reside chiefly along the banks of a river, to which we gave the same name; and which, running parallel to the sea coast ...

empties itself into Haley's Bay.' _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p. 425, and map; _Irving's Astoria_, p. 335. 'To the south of the mouth of the Columbia.' _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 15. 'Chenooks on the Columbia.' _Swan's N. W. Coast_, p. 210. North side of the Columbia.

_Morse's Report_, p. 368; _Greenhow's Hist. Ogn._, p. 286. Tshinuk south of the Columbia at mouth. Watlala on both sides of the river from the Willamette to Dalles. They properly belong to the Indians at the Cascades. _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., pp. 214-5, and map, p. 197. Banks of the Columbia from Dalles to the mouth. _Farnham's Trav._, p. 85. The upper Chinooks were the Shalala and Echeloots of Lewis and Clarke. _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 417. In the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia, there are, besides the Chinooks, the Klickatacks, Cheehaylas, Naas, and many other tribes.

_Catlin's N. Am. Ind._, vol. ii., p. 113.

'The Flathead Indians are met with on the banks of the Columbia River, from its mouth eastward to the Cascades, a distance of about 150 miles; they extend up the Walhamette River's mouth about thirty or forty miles, and through the district between the Walhamette and Fort Astoria.'

_Kane's Wand._, p. 173. 'The Flatheads are a very numerous people, inhabiting the sh.o.r.es of the Columbia River, and a vast tract of country lying to the south of it.' _Catlin's N. Am. Ind._, vol. ii., p. 108.

'The Cathlascon tribes, which inhabit the Columbia River.' _Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 225. Cathlascos on the Columbia River, S. side 220 miles from its mouth. _Morse's Rept._, p. 368.

Shoalwater Bay Indians: Whilapah on Whilapah river; Necomanchee, or Nickomin, on Nickomin river, flowing into the east side of the bay; Quelaptonlilt, at the mouth of Whilapah river; Wharhoots, at the present site of Bruceport; Querqueltin, at the mouth of a creek; Palux, on Copalux or Palux river; Marhoo, Nasal, on the Peninsula. _Swan's N. W.

Coast_, p. 211. 'Karweewee, or Artsmilsh, the name of the Shoalwater Bay tribes.' _Id._, p. 210. Along the coast north of the Columbia are the Chinnooks, Killaxthockle, Chilts, Clamoitomish, Potoashees, etc. _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p. 428. Quillequeoquas at Shoalwater Bay. Map in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 200. Kwalhioqua, north of the Columbia near the mouth. _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 204, and map, p. 197. Klatskanai, 'on the upper waters of the Nehalem, a stream running into the Pacific, on those of Young's River, and one bearing their own name, which enters the Columbia at Oak Point.'

_Gibbs' Chinook Vocab._, p. iv. Willopahs, 'on the Willopah River, and the head of the Chihalis.' _Ib._

The _Chilts_ inhabit the 'coast to the northward of Cape Disappointment.' _c.o.x's Adven._, vol. i., p. 302. 'North of the mouth of the Columbia and Chealis rivers.' _Parker's Explor. Tour_, p. 261, and map. 'On the sea-coast near Point Lewis.' _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p.

401.

Miscellaneous bands on the Columbia; Aleis, on the north side of the Colombia. _Ga.s.s' Jour._, p. 285. Cathlac.u.mups 'on the main sh.o.r.e S.W. of Wappatoo Isl.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 371. Cathlakamaps, 'at the mouth of the Wallaumut.' _Id._, p. 368. Cathlanamenamens, 'On the island in the mouth of the Wallaumut.' _Id._, p. 368. Cathlanaquiahs, 'On the S.W.

side of Wappatoo Isl.' _Id._, p. 371. Cathlapootle, eighty miles from mouth of the Columbia opposite the mouth of the Willamette. _Id._, p.

368. Calhlathlas, 'at the rapids, S. side.' _Id._, p. 368. Clahclellah, 'below the rapids.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 370. Clannarminnamuns, 'S.W.

side of Wappatoo Isl.' _Id._, p. 371. Clanimatas, 'S.W. side of Wappatoo Isl.' _Ib._ Clockstar, 'S.E. side of Wappattoo Isl.' _Ib._ c.o.o.niacs, 'of Oak Point (Kahnyak or Kukhnyak, the Kreluits of Franchere and Skilloots of Lewis and Clarke).' _Gibbs' Chinook Vocab._, p. iv. h.e.l.lwits, 'S.

side 39 miles from mouth.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 368. Katlagakya, 'from the Cascades to Vancouver.' _Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255. Katlaminimim, on Multnomah Island. _Ib._ Katlaportl, river of same name, and right bank of Columbia for five miles above its mouth. _Ib._ Ketlakaniaks, at Oak Point, formerly united with Kolnit.

_Ib._ Klakalama, between Kathlaportle and Towalitch rivers. _Ib._ Mamnit, 'Multnomah Isl.' _Ib._ Nechakoke, 'S. side, near Quicksand river, opposite Diamond Isl.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 370. Neerchokioon, south side above the Wallaumut river. _Ib._ Shalala at the grand rapids down to the Willamet. _Ib._ Quathlapotle, between the Cowlits and Chahwahnahinooks (Cathlapootle?) river. _Lewis and Clarke's Map._ Seamysty, 'at the mouth of the Towalitch River.' _Framboise_, in _Lond.

Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255. Shoto, W. side back of a pond and nearly opposite the entrance of the Willamut. _Morse's Rept._, p. 370.

Skillutes, 'about junction of Cowlitz.' _Lewis and Clarke's Map._ Skiloots on the Columbia on each side, from the lower part of the Columbia Valley as low as Sturgeon Island, and on both sides of the Coweliskee River. _Morse's Rept._, p. 371. Smockshop. _Id._, p. 370.

Trile Kalets, near Fort Vancouver. _Warre and Vavasour_, in _Martin's Hud. B._, p. 81. Wahclellah, 'below all the rapids.' _Morse's Rept._, p.

370. Wakama.s.s, 'Deer's Isle to the lower branch of the Wallamat.'

_Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255. Wyampams, at the narrows. _Ross' Adven._, pp. 117-19. Tchilouits on the Columbia, south bank, below the Cowlitz. _Stuart_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1821, tom. x., p. 112. Cathlakaheckits and Cathlathlalas in vicinity of the Cascades. _Id._, tom. xii., 1821, p. 23.

The _Clatsops_ live on Point Adams. _Hines' Voy._, p. 88. 'South side of the (Columbia) river at its mouth.' _Greenhow's Hist. Ogn._, pp. 30, 286. 'Southern sh.o.r.e of the bay at the mouth of the Columbia, and along the seacoast on both sides of Point Adams.' _Morton's Crania_, p. 211; _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, pp. 401, 426, and map. 12 miles from mouth, south side. _Morse's Rept._, p. 368. 'South side of the river.' _Ga.s.s'

Jour._, p. 244. 'From near Tillamook Head to Point Adams and up the river to Tongue Point.' _Gibbs' Chinook Vocab._, p. iv. Klakhelnk, 'on Clatsop Point, commonly called Clatsops.' _Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog.

Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 201, vol. v., p. 492.

[Sidenote: COAST TRIBES OF OREGON.]

The _Wakiak.u.m_, or 'Wakaik.u.m, live on the right bank of the Columbia; on a small stream, called Cadet River.' _Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255. Wakiak.u.ms (Wakaiak.u.m) 'towards Oak Point.'

_Gibbs' Chinook Vocab._, p. iv. Wahkiac.u.ms, adjoining the Cathlamahs on the south-east and the Skilloots on the north-west. _Lewis and Clarke's Map._ Waakic.u.ms, thirty miles from the mouth of the Columbia, north side. _Morse's Rept._, p. 368.

The _Cathlamets_ extend from Tongue Point to Puget's Island. _Gibbs'

Chinook Vocab._, p. iv. 'Opposite the lower village of the Wahkiac.u.ms.'

_Irving's Astoria_, p. 336. '30 miles from the mouth of Columbia.'

_Morse's Rept._, p. 368. 'On a river of same name.' _Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 255; _Lewis and Clarke's Map._

'Along the coast south of the Columbia river are the Clatsops, Killamucks, Lucktons, Kahunkle, Lickawis, Youkone, Necketo, Ulseah, Youitts, Shiastuckle, Killawats, Cookoose, Shalalahs, Luckasos, Hannakalals.' _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, pp. 427-8. 'Along the coast S.

of Columbia river, and speak the Killamucks language,' Youicone, Neekeetoos, Ulseahs, Youitts, Sheastukles, Killawats, Cookkoooose, Shallalah, Luckkarso, Hannakallal. _Morse's Rept._, p. 371. Naelim, 'on a river on the sea-coast, 30 miles S. of Clatsop Point,' and the following tribes proceeding southward. Nikaas, Kowai, Neselitch, Tac.o.o.n, Aleya, Sayonstla, Kiliwatsal, Kaons, G.o.damyou (!), Stotonia, at the mouth of Coquin river. _Framboise_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol.

xi., pp. 255-6.

The _Killamooks_ dwell along the coast southward from the mouth of the Columbia. 'Near the mouth of the Columbia.' _Parker's Explor. Tour_, p.

262. Callimix, '40 miles S. of Columbia.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 368.

Killamucks, 'along the S.E. coast for many miles.' _Id._, p. 371.

Tillamooks, 'along the coast from Umpqua River to the Neachesna, a distance of one hundred and twenty miles.' _Palmer_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1854, pp. 256, 259. Kilamukes, 'south and east of mouth of the Columbia, extending to the coast.' _Emmons_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 201. Nsietshawus, or Killamuks, 'on the sea-coast south of the Columbia.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 211, and map, p. 197. 'Between the river Columbia and the Umpqua.' _Warre and Vavasour_, in _Martin's Hud. B._, p. 81. 'Country about Cape Lookout.'

_Palmer's Jour._, p. 105. 'On comprend sous le nom general de Killimous, les Indiens du sud du Rio Colombia, tels que les Nahelems, les Nikas, les Kaouais, les Alsiias, les Umquas, les Toutounis et les Sastes. Ces deux dernieres peuplades se sont jusqu'a present montrees hostiles aux caravanes des blancs.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., pp. 335, 357.

Killamucks, next to the Clatsops. _Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p. 426.

'Callemeux nation.' _Ga.s.s' Jour._, p. 260. Callemax on the coast forty leagues south of the Columbia. _Stuart_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, tom. x., p. 90.