The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India Volume III Part 66

[373] Orpheus, p. 272; Religion of the Semites, p. 311.

[374] Religion of the Semites, p. 304.

[375] Ibidem, pp. 305, 306.

[376] Religion of the Semites, pp. 296, 297.

[377] Golden Bough, ii. p. 313.

[378] When the blood of the animal was poured out before the G.o.d as his share.

[379] Religion of the Semites, p. 246.

[380] Vide article on Dhanwar.

[381] Sir G. Robertson, Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, pp. 450, 451.

[382] Ibidem, p. 460.

[383] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 176.

[384] Grant-Duff, History of the Marathas, vol. i. p. 27. Mr. Hira Lal notes that owing to the predominance of Muhammadans in Berar the practice of slaughtering all animals by the method of halal and the regular employment of the Mullah to p.r.o.nounce the sacred text before slaughter may have grown up for their convenience. And, as in other instances, the Hindus may have simply imitated the Muhammadans in regarding this method of slaughter as necessary. This however scarcely seems to impair the force of the argument if the Hindus actually refused to eat animals not killed by halal; they must in that case have attached some religious significance or virtue to the rite, and the most probable significance is perhaps that stated in the text. As Mr. Hira Lal points out, the Hindu sacred books provide an elaborate ritual for the sacrifice of animals, but this may have fallen into abeyance with the decline in the custom of eating meat.

[385] Vide article on Mochi.

[386] V. A. Smith, Asoka, p. 56.

[387] Ibidem, p. 58.

[388] This article is compiled from papers by Mr. Rajaram Gangadhar, Tahsildar, Arvi; Mr. Sadasheo Jairam, Sanskrit Professor, Hislop College; and Mr. Deodatta Namdar, Manager, Court of Wards, Chauri.

[389] Crooke's Tribes and Castes, art. Thathera.

[390] Crooke's art. Thathera.

[391] A part of the information contained in this article is furnished by Mr. Aduram Chaudhri of the Gazetteer Office.

[392] Madras Census Report (1901), p. 151, quoting from South Indian Inscriptions, Buchanan's Mysore, Canara and Malabar, and Elliot's History of India.

[393] Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, ii. pp. 444, 445.

[394] The Golden Bough, vol. ii. p. 205 et seq.

[395] Garrett's Cla.s.sical Dictionary of the Hindus, p. 322.

[396] Westermarck, ibidem, quoting Ward's Hindus, p. 134.

[397] Wheeler's History of India, vol. iv. part ii. pp. 324, 325.

[398] Forbes, Rasmala, i. p. 247.

[399] Crooke's Tribes and Castes, art. Tawaif.

[400] Extract from the Dasa k.u.mara Charita or Adventures of the Ten Youths, in A Group of Hindu Stories, p. 72.

[401] S. M. Edwardes, By-ways of Bombay, p. 31.

[402] Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies, p. 93.

[403] Eastern India, i. p. 119.

[404] Ibidem, iii. p. 107.

[405] Ibidem, ii. p. 930.

[406] Persian Travels, book iii. chap. xvii.

[407] From a review of A German Staff Officer in India, written by Sir Evelyn Wood in the Sat.u.r.day Review, 5th February 1910.

[408] Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Vaishnava. The notice, as stated, refers only to the lowest section of Bairagis.

[409] Memoir of Central India.

[410] Tribes and Castes of the N.-W. P., art. Katwa.

[411] Temple and Fallon's Hindustani Proverbs.

[412] Perhaps a leather strap or belt.

[413] A revolution or circuit.

[414] A thousand.

[415] The third Baisakh (June).

[416] Butea frondosa.

[417] A description of the ceremony is given in the article on Kurmi.

[418] This article is based almost entirely on a monograph contributed by Mr. Hira Lal.

[419] Ethnology, p. 158.

[420] Fruit of the egg-plant.

[421] Ethnology, pp. 136, 137.

[422] Jungle Life in India, pp. 315, 316.