The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 76

4. TRIoSTEUM, L. FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.

Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf-like, persistent. Corolla tubular, gibbous at base, somewhat equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 5. Ovary mostly 3-celled, in fruit forming a rather dry drupe, containing as many ribbed 1-seeded bony nutlets.--Coa.r.s.e, hairy, perennial herbs, leafy to the top; the ample entire pointed leaves tapering to the base, but connate round the simple stem. Flowers sessile, solitary or cl.u.s.tered in the axils. (Name an abbreviation of _Triosteospermum_, alluding to the three bony nutlets.)

1. T. perfoliatum, L. _Softly hairy_ (2--4 high); _leaves oval, abruptly narrowed below_, downy beneath; flowers brownish-purple, mostly cl.u.s.tered; fruit orange-color, ' long.--Rich woodlands, Canada and N.

Eng. to Minn., Iowa, and Ala. June. Also called TINKER'S-WEED, WILD COFFEE, etc.

2. T. angustiflium, L. Smaller, _bristly-hairy; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base_; flowers greenish-cream-color, mostly single in the axils.--Shady grounds, Va. to Ill., Mo., and Ala. May.

5. LINNae'A, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.

Calyx-teeth 5, awl-shaped, deciduous. Corolla narrow bell-shaped, almost equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, two of them shorter, inserted toward the base of the corolla. Ovary and the small dry pod 3-celled, but only 1-seeded, two of the cells having only abortive ovules.--A slender creeping and trailing little evergreen, somewhat hairy, with rounded-oval sparingly crenate leaves contracted at the base into short petioles, and thread-like upright peduncles forking into 2 pedicels at the top, each bearing a delicate and fragrant nodding flower. Corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. (Dedicated to the immortal _Linnaeus_, who first pointed out its characters, and with whom this pretty little plant was a special favorite.)

1. L. borealis, Gronov.--Moist mossy woods and cold bogs, N. Eng. to N. J. and the mountains of Md., west to Minn.; also far north and west.

June. (Eu.)

6. SYMPHORICaRPOS, Dill. s...o...b..RRY.

Calyx-teeth short, persistent. Corolla bell-shaped, regularly 4--5-lobed, with as many short stamens inserted into its throat. Ovary 4-celled, only 2 of the cells with a fertile ovule; the berry therefore 4-celled but only 2-seeded. Seeds bony.--Low and branching upright shrubs, with oval short-petioled leaves, which are downy underneath and entire, or wavy toothed or lobed on the young shoots. Flowers white tinged with rose-color, in close short spikes or cl.u.s.ters. (Name composed of s?f????, _to bear together_, and ?a?p??, _fruit_; from the cl.u.s.tered berries.)

[*] _Style bearded; fruit red; flowers all in short dense axillary cl.u.s.ters._

1. S. vulgaris, Michx. (INDIAN CURRANT. CORAL-BERRY.) Flowers in the axils of nearly all the leaves; corolla sparingly bearded; berries small.--Rocky banks, western N. Y. and Penn. to Dak., Neb., and Tex.

July.

[*][*] _Style glabrous; fruit white; flowers in cl.u.s.ters or sometimes solitary._

2. S. occidentalis, Hook. (WOLFBERRY.) _Flowers in dense terminal and axillary spikes_; corolla much bearded within; stamens and style protruded.--Rocky ground, N. Mich. and Ill., west to the Rocky Mts.--Flowers larger and more funnel-form, and stamens longer, than in the next.

3. S. racemsus, Michx. (s...o...b..RRY.) _Flowers in a loose and somewhat leafy interrupted spike_ at the end of the branches; corolla bearded inside; berries large.--Rocky banks, N. New Eng. and Penn., to Minn. and westward; common in cultivation. June--Sept. Berries ripe in autumn.--Var. PAUCIFLRUS, Robbins. Low, diffusely branched and spreading; leaves smaller (about 1' long), the spike reduced to one or two flowers in the uppermost axils.--Mountains of Vt. and Penn. to Minn., Dak., and westward.

7. LONiCERA, L. HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.

Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often gibbous at the base, irregularly or almost regularly 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 2--3-celled. Berry several-seeded.--Leaves entire. Flowers often showy and fragrant. (Named in honor of _Adam Lonitzer_, latinized _Lonicerus_, a German herbalist of the 16th century.)

-- 1. XYLoSTEON. _Upright bushy shrubs; leaves all distinct; peduncles axillary, single, 2-flowered at the summit; the two berries sometimes united into one; calyx-teeth not persistent._

[*] _Bracts (2 or sometimes 4) at the base of the ovaries minute._

1. L. ciliata, Muhl. (FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.) Branches straggling (3--5 high); _leaves oblong-ovate, often heart-shaped, petioled, thin_, downy beneath; _filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves_; corolla funnel-form, almost spurred at the base (greenish-yellow, ' long), the lobes nearly equal; _berries separate (red)_.--Rocky woods, N. Brunswick to Penn. and Minn. May.

2. L. caerulea, L. (MOUNTAIN F.) Low (1--2 high); branches upright; _leaves oval_, downy when young; _peduncles very short; bracts awl-shaped, longer than the ovaries, which are united into one (blue) berry_; flowers yellowish.--Mountain woods and bogs, Lab. to R. I., Minn., and northward. May. (Eu.)

3. L. oblongiflia, Muhl. (SWAMP F.) Shrub 2--5 high, branches upright; _leaves_ (2--3' long) _oblong_, downy when young, smooth when old; _peduncles long and slender; bracts minute or deciduous; corolla deeply 2-lipped_ (' long, yellowish-white); _berries (purple) united_ or nearly distinct.--Bogs, N. New Eng. and N. Y., to Minn. June.

[*][*] _The two flowers involucrate by 4 conspicuous and broad foliaceous bracts._

4. L. involucrata, Banks. p.u.b.escent, or becoming glabrous; branches 4-angular; leaves (2--5' long) ovate-oblong, mostly pointed, petioled, and with a strong midrib, exceeding the peduncle; corolla yellowish, viscid-p.u.b.escent, cylindraceous (6--8" long); ovaries and globose dark-purple berries distinct.--Deep woods; sh.o.r.es of L. Superior, and north and westward.

-- 2. CAPRIFLIUM. _Twining shrubs, with the flowers in sessile whorled cl.u.s.ters from the axils of the (often connate) upper leaves, forming interrupted terminal spikes; calyx-teeth persistent on the (red or orange) berry._

[*] _Corolla trumpet-shaped, almost regular; stamens and style little exserted._

5. L. sempervirens, Ait. (TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE.) Flowers in somewhat distant whorls, scentless, nearly 2' long, deep red outside, yellowish within or rarely throughout; leaves oblong, smooth, the lower petioled, the uppermost pairs connate.--Copses, Conn. to Ind., and southward; common in cultivation. May--Oct.--Leaves deciduous at the north.

[*][*] _Corolla ringent; the lower lip narrow, the upper broad and 4-lobed; stamens and style conspicuously exserted._

[+] _Corolla-tube an inch long, glabrous inside; stamens and style glabrous._

6. L. grata, Ait. (AMERICAN WOODBINE.) Leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, obovate, the 2 or 3 upper pairs united; flowers whorled in the uppermost axils; corolla whitish with a purple tube, fading yellowish, not gibbous at base, fragrant.--Rocky woodlands, N. J. and Penn. to Mich. and Mo., and southward; also cultivated. May.

[+][+] _Corolla hairy within, the tube 6" long or less._

7. L. hirsuta, Eaton. (HAIRY HONEYSUCKLE.) Twining and rather high-climbing; leaves deep green above, downy-hairy beneath, as well as the branches, veiny, dull, broadly oval, the uppermost united, the lower short-petioled; flowers in approximate whorls; tube of the (orange-yellow) clammy-p.u.b.escent corolla gibbous at base, slender.--Damp copses and rocks, Maine to Penn., Mich., and Minn. July.--A coa.r.s.e large-leaved species.

8. L. Sullivantii, Gray. At length _much whitened with glaucous bloom_, 3--6 high, glabrous; leaves oval and obovate-oblong (2--4' long), sessile and mostly connate on the flowering stems, the uppermost into an orbicular disk; corolla pale yellow; _filaments nearly glabrous_. (L.

flava of former edition, mainly.)--Ohio to Ill., Minn., and L. Winnipeg; also in Tenn. and N. C.

9. L. glauca, Hill. Glabrous, or lower leaf surface sometimes p.u.b.erulent, 3--5 high; leaves oblong (2--3' long), glaucous but less whitened than in the last, the 1--4 _upper pairs connate_; corolla greenish-yellow or purplish; _tube only 3--4" long, within and also style and base of filaments hirsute_. (L. parviflora, _Lam._, and part of var. Douglasii, _Gray._)--Rocky grounds, N. Eng. and Penn. to Minn., and northward.

8. DIERViLLA, Tourn. BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.

Calyx-tube tapering at the summit; the lobes slender, awl-shaped, persistent. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed, almost regular. Stamens 5.

Pod ovoid-oblong, pointed, 2-celled, 2-valved, septicidal, many-seeded.--Low upright shrubs, with ovate or oblong pointed serrate leaves, and cymosely 3--several-flowered peduncles, from the upper axils or terminal. (Named in compliment to _Dr. Dierville_, who brought it from Canada to Tournefort.)

1. D. trifida, Moench. Leaves oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, petioled; peduncles mostly 3-flowered; pod long-beaked.--Rocks, Newf. to the mountains of N. C., west to Minn. June--Aug.--Flowers honey-color, not showy, as are the j.a.panese species cultivated under the name of WEIGELA.

ORDER 52. RUBIaCEae. (MADDER FAMILY.)

_Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, or in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2--4-celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (4--5), and inserted on its tube._--Flowers perfect, but often dimorphous (as in Mitch.e.l.la and Houstonia). Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious hard alb.u.men.--A very large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as the Coffee and Peruvian-Bark trees), tropical.

I. CINCHONEae. Ovules numerous in each cell; leaves opposite.

1. Houstonia. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, 4-lobed. Seeds rather few, thimble-shaped or saucer-shaped. Low herbs.

2. Oldenlandia. Corolla wheel-shaped in our species, 4-lobed. Seeds very numerous and minute, angular. Low herbs.

II. COFFEINEae. Ovules solitary in the cells; leaves mostly opposite.

[+] Flowers in a close and globose long-peduncled head. Fruit dry.

Shrubs.

3. Cephalanthus. Corolla tubular; lobes 4. Fruit inversely pyramidal, 2--4-seeded.