The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 70

25. Carum. Ribs filiform or inconspicuous; stylopodium short-conical.

Leaf-segments filiform. Roots tuberous.

26. Cicuta. Ribs flattish, corky, the lateral largest. Marsh perennials, with serrate leaflets, the veins often running to the notches.

27. aegopodium. Ribs filiform; oil-tubes none; stylopodium conical.

Leaves biternate.

[=][=][=][=] Leaves finely dissected; oil-tubes solitary. Very slender annuals.

28. Leptocaulis. Fruit bristly or tuberculate, with rather prominent equal ribs.

29. Discopleura. Dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral very thick and corky.

[++][++] Seed-face concave; fruit ovate, glabrous, with depressed stylopodium, and no oil-tubes.

30. Conium. An introduced biennial, with spotted stems, and large decompound leaves.

[++][++][++] Seed-face concave. Fruit linear-oblong, with conical stylopodium.

31. Chaerophyllum. Fruit glabrous, with small mostly solitary oil-tubes.

32. Osmorrhiza. Fruit bristly, with oil-tubes obsolete.

[+][+][+] Carpels (as well as fruit) strongly flattened laterally.

[++] Seed lunate, deeply sulcate on the face; umbels compound, leafy-bracted.

33. Erigenia. Fruit nearly orbicular, with numerous oil-tubes. Low, nearly acaulescent from a deep-seated tuber. Leaves ternately decompound.

[++][++] Seed straight, not sulcate; umbels simple.

34. Hydrocotyle. Fruit more or less...o...b..cular, with no oil-tubes. Low perennials, in or near water, with creeping stems, and peltate or reniform leaves.

[*][*][*][*] Fruit obovoid or globose, densely p.r.i.c.kly or scaly.

35. Eryngium. Flowers sessile in dense bracteate heads, white or blue.

Leaves mostly rigid and more or less spinose.

36. Sanicula. Flowers in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, yellow.

Leaves palmate.

1. DAuCUS, Tourn. CARROT.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oblong, flattened dorsally; stylopodium depressed; carpel with 5 slender bristly primary ribs and 4 winged secondary ones, each of the latter bearing a single row of barbed p.r.i.c.kles; oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, two on the commissural side; seed-face somewhat concave or almost flat.--Bristly annuals or biennials, with pinnately decompound leaves, foliaceous and cleft involucral bracts, and white flowers in compound umbels which become strongly concave. (The ancient Greek name.)

D. CARTA, L. Biennial; stem bristly; ultimate leaf-segments lanceolate and cuspidate; rays numerous.--Naturalized everywhere, from Eu.

2. CAUCaLIS, L.

Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate or oblong, flattened laterally; stylopodium conical; p.r.i.c.kles barbed or hooked; seed-face deeply sulcate. Otherwise as Daucus.--Our species annual. (The ancient Greek name.)

C. NODSA, Hudson. Dec.u.mbent, branching only at base, stems 1--2 long, retrorsely hispid; umbels naked, opposite the leaves and nearly sessile, of 2 or 3 very short rays.--Md., Iowa, and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)

C. ANTHRiSCUS, Hudson, has 1--2-pinnate leaves with broad leaflets, and more regularly compounded umbels.--Ohio, etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

3. ANGeLICA, L.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally; primary ribs very prominent, the laterals extended into broad distinct wings, forming a double-winged margin to the fruit; oil-tubes one to several in the intervals or indefinite, 2 to 10 on the commissure.--Stout perennials, with ternately or pinnately compound leaves, large terminal umbels, scanty or no involucres, small many-leaved involucels, and white or greenish flowers. (Named _angelic_ from its cordial and medicinal properties.)

[*] _Seed adherent to the pericarp; oil-tubes one to several in the intervals; uppermost leaves mostly reduced to large inflated petioles._

1. A. Curtisii, Buckley. Glabrous; leaves twice ternate or the divisions quinate; _leaflets thin_, ovate-lanceolate (_1--3' broad), sharply and irregularly toothed; fruit glabrous_, 1--3" broad; oil-tubes mostly one in the intervals (sometimes 2 or 3).--Along the Alleghanies from Penn. to N. C. Aug.

2. A. hirsuta, Muhl. _p.u.b.escent above_; leaves twice pinnately or ternately divided; _leaflets thickish_, lanceolate to oblong (_5--10"

broad), serrate; fruit p.u.b.escent_, 2" broad; oil-tubes 3--6 in the intervals. (Archangelica hirsuta, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Dry ground, Conn. to Minn., Tenn., and Fla. July.

[*][*] _Seed loose; oil-tubes indefinite (25--30); upper petioles not so prominent._

3. A. atropurpurea, L. Very stout, glabrous throughout, with dark purple stem; leaves 2--3-ternately divided, the pinnate segments of 5--7 lanceolate to ovate leaflets (1--1' broad), sharply mucronate-serrate.

(Archangelica atropurpurea, _Hoffm._)--River-banks, Lab. to Del., Ill.

and Minn. June.

4. CONIOSELNUM, Fisch. HEMLOCK-PARSLEY.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopodium slightly conical. Fruit oval, flattened dorsally, glabrous, the dorsal ribs very prominent, the lateral ones extended into broad wings; oil-tubes 1--4 in the intervals, 4--8 on the commissure; seed slightly concave on the inner face.--Tall slender glabrous perennial, with finely 2--3-pinnately compound leaves, few-leaved involucre or none, involucels of elongated linear-setaceous bractlets, and white flowers. (Compounded of _Conium_ and _Selinum_, from its resemblance to these genera.)

1. C. Canadense, Torr. & Gray. Leaflets pinnatifid; wings nearly as broad as the seed; oil-tubes 2--3 in the intervals, sometimes 1 or 4.--Swamps and cold cliffs, from Maine to Minn., southward to N. C. (in the higher mountains), Ind., Ill., and Mo. Aug.--Oct.

5. TIEDEMaNNIA, DC.

Calyx-teeth evident. Fruit ovate to obovate, flattened dorsally; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly winged, closely contiguous and strongly nerved next to the body (giving the appearance of 5 dorsal ribs); oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2--6 on the commissure; stylopodium short, thick-conical.--Glabrous erect aquatic herbs, with leaves reduced to petioles or of few narrow leaflets; involucre and involucels present, and flowers white. (Dedicated to the anatomist _Prof. Tiedemann_, of Heidelberg.)

1. T. teretiflia, DC. Stem hollow, 2--6 high; _leaves reduced to cylindrical hollow pointed nodose petioles_; oil-tubes filling the intervals.--Ponds and swamps, Del. to Fla., and west to La. Aug., Sept.

2. T. rigida, Coult. & Rose. (COWBANE.) Stem 2--5 high; _leaves simply pinnate_, with 3--9 linear to lanceolate entire or remotely toothed leaflets; oil-tubes mostly small. (Archemora rigida, _DC._)--Swamps, N. Y. to Minn., south to the Gulf. Aug. Poisonous; roots tuberiferous.

6. HERACLeUM, L. COW-PARSNIP.

Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit broadly oval or obovate, like Pastinaca, but with a thick conical stylopodium, and the conspicuous obclavate oil-tubes extending scarcely below the middle.--Tall stout perennial, with large ternately compound leaves, broad umbels, deciduous involucre, and many-leaved involucels, white flowers, and obcordate petals, the outer ones commonly larger and 2-cleft. (Dedicated to _Hercules_.)

1. H. lanatum, Michx. Woolly; stem grooved, 4--8 high; leaflets broad, irregularly cut-toothed.--Wet ground, Newf. to the Pacific, and southward to N. C., Ky., and Kan. June.