The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 62

1. P. sedodes, L. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends.--Open wet places, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex.

July--Oct. Parts of the flower rarely in sixes or sevens.

2. TILLae'A, Mich.

Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils 3 or 4. Pods 2--many-seeded.--Very small tufted annuals, with opposite entire leaves and axillary flowers.

(Named in honor of _Michael Angelo Tilli_, an early Italian botanist.)

1. T. simplex, Nutt. Rooting at the base (1--2' high); leaves linear-oblong; flowers solitary, nearly sessile; calyx half the length of the (greenish-white) petals and the narrow 8--10-seeded pods, the latter with a scale at the base of each.--Muddy river-banks, Ma.s.s. to Md. July--Sept.

3. SeDUM, Tourn. STONE-CROP. ORPINE.

Sepals and petals 4 or 5. Stamens 8 or 10. Follicles many-seeded; a little scale at the base of each.--Chiefly perennial, smooth, and thick-leaved herbs, with the flowers cymose or one-sided. Petals almost always narrow and acute or pointed. (Name from _sedeo_, to sit, alluding to the manner in which these plants fix themselves upon rocks and walls.)

[*] _Flowers perfect and sessile, as it were spiked along one side of spreading flowering branches or of the divisions of a scorpioid cyme, the first or central flower mostly 5-merous and 10-androus, the others often 4-merous and 8-androus._

[+] _Flowers white or purple._

1. S. pulch.e.l.lum, Michx. Stems ascending or trailing (4--12' high); _leaves terete, linear-filiform_, much crowded; spikes of the cyme several, densely flowered; _petals rose-purple_.--Va. to Ga., west to Ky., E. Kan., and Tex.; also cultivated in gardens. July.

2. S. Nevii, Gray. Stems spreading, simple (3--5' high); _leaves all alternate_, those of the sterile shoots _wedge-obovate or spatulate_, on flowering stems _linear-spatulate_ and flattish; cyme about 3-spiked, densely flowered; _petals white_, more pointed than in the next; the flowering 3 or 4 weeks later; leaves and blossoms smaller.--Rocky cliffs, mountains of Va. to Ala.

3. S. ternatum, Michx. Stems spreading (3--6' high); _leaves flat, the lower whorled in threes, wedge-obovate_, the upper scattered, _oblong_; cyme 3-spiked, leafy; _petals white_.--Rocky woods, N. Y. to Ga., west to Ind. and Tenn.

[+][+] _Flowers yellow._

S. aCRE, L. (MOSSY STONE-CROP.) Spreading on the ground, moss-like; leaves very small, alternate, almost imbricated on the branches, ovate, very thick; petals yellow.--Escaped from cultivation to rocky roadsides, etc. July. (Nat. from Eu.)

4. S. Torreyi, Don. Annual; stems simple or branched from the base (2--4' high); _leaves flat_ or teretish, scattered, _oblong_, 2--3"

long; petals rather longer than the _ovate sepals_; carpels at length widely divergent.--Mo. to Ark. and Tex.

[*][*] _Flowers in a terminal naked and regular cyme or cl.u.s.ter, more or less peduncled; leaves flat, obovate or oblong, mostly alternate._

[+] _Flowers perfect, 5-merous, 10-androus._

5. S. telephiodes, Michx. Stems ascending (6--12' high), stout, leafy to the top; leaves oblong or oval, entire or sparingly toothed; cyme small; _petals flesh-color_, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed; _follicles tapering into a slender style_.--Dry rocks, N. J. to Ga., west to western N. Y. and S. Ind. June.

S. TELePHIUM, L. (GARDEN ORPINE or LIVE-FOR-EVER.) Stems erect (2 high), stout; leaves oval, obtuse, toothed; cymes compound; _petals purple_, oblong-lanceolate; _follicles abruptly pointed with a short style_.--Rocks and banks, escaped from cultivation in some places. July.

(Adv. from Eu.)

S. REFLeXUM, L. Glabrous, erect, 1 high; _leaves crowded, cylindric, subulate-tipped, spreading or reflexed; flowers yellow_, pedicelled.--Coast of Ma.s.s.; western N. Y.; rare. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Flowers dicious, mostly 4-merous and 8-androus._

6. S. Rhodola, DC. (ROSEROOT.) Stems erect (5--10' high); leaves oblong or oval, smaller than in the preceding; flowers in a close cyme, greenish-yellow, or the fertile turning purplish.--Throughout Arctic America, extending southward to the coast of Maine, and cliffs of Delaware River; also in the western mountains. May, June. (Eu.)

ORDER 37. DROSERaCEae. (SUNDEW FAMILY.)

_Bog-herbs, mostly glandular-haired, with regular hypogynous flowers, pentamerous and withering-persistent calyx, corolla, and stamens, the anthers fixed by the middle and turned outward, and a 1-celled capsule with twice as many styles or stigmas as there are parietal placentae._--Calyx imbricated. Petals convolute. Seeds numerous, anatropous, with a short and minute embryo at the base of the alb.u.men.--Leaves circinate in the bud, i.e., rolled up from the apex to the base as in Ferns. A small family of insectivorous plants.

1. DRoSERA, L. SUNDEW.

Stamens 5. Styles 3, or sometimes 5, deeply 2-parted so that they are taken for 6 or 10, slender, stigmatose above on the inner face. Capsule 3- (rarely 5-) valved; the valves bearing the numerous seeds on their middle for the whole length.--Low perennials or biennials; the leaves clothed with reddish gland-bearing bristles, in our species all in a tuft at the base; the naked scape bearing the flowers in a 1-sided raceme-like inflorescence, which nods at the undeveloped apex, so that the fresh-blown flower (which opens only in sunshine) is always highest.

The plants yield a purple stain to paper. (The glands of the leaves exude drops of a clear glutinous fluid, glittering like dew-drops, whence the name, from d??se???, _dewy_.)

1. D. rotundiflia, L. (ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW.) _Leaves...o...b..cular_, abruptly narrowed into the _spreading hairy petioles_; seeds spindle-shaped, the coat loose and chaff-like; flowers white, the parts sometimes in sixes.--Peat-bogs, Lab. to Minn., Ind., and southward; common. July, Aug. (Eu.)

2. D. intermedia, Hayne, var. Americana, DC. _Leaves spatulate-oblong_, tapering into the long rather _erect naked petioles_; seeds oblong, with a rough close coat; flowers white. (D. longifolia, _Gray_, Manual.)--Bogs, with the same range but less common. June--Aug.--Plant raised on its prolonged caudex when growing in water. (Eu.)

3. D. linearis, Goldie. (SLENDER SUNDEW.) _Leaves linear_, obtuse, the blade (2--3' long, scarcely 2" wide) _on naked erect petioles_ about the same length; seeds oblong, with a smooth and perfectly close coat; flowers white.--Sh.o.r.e of L. Superior, Mich., and Minn.

4. D. filiformis, Raf. (THREAD-LEAVED SUNDEW.) _Leaves very long and filiform_, erect, with no distinction between blade and stalk; seeds spindle-shaped; flowers numerous, purple rose-color (' broad).--Wet sand, near the coast, Ma.s.s. to N. J. and Fla.

DIONae'A MUSCiPULA, Ellis, the VENUS'S FLY-TRAP,--so noted for the extraordinary irritability of its leaves, closing quickly at the touch,--is a native of the sandy savannas of the eastern part of N. C.

It differs in several respects from the character of the order given above; the stamens being 15, the styles united into one, and the seeds all at the base of the pod.

ORDER 38. HAMAMELiDEae. (WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY.)

_Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple leaves and deciduous stipules; flowers in heads or spikes, often polygamous or moncious; the calyx cohering with the base of the ovary, which consists of 2 pistils united below, and forms a 2-beaked, 2-celled woody capsule, opening at the summit, with a single bony seed in each cell, or several, only one or two of them ripening._--Petals inserted on the calyx, narrow, valvate or involute in the bud, or often none at all. Stamens twice as many as the petals, and half of them sterile and changed into scales, or numerous.

Seeds anatropous. Embryo large and straight, in scanty alb.u.men; cotyledons broad and flat.

[*] Flowers with a manifest calyx, or calyx and corolla, and a single ovule suspended from the summit of each cell.

1. Hamamelis. Petals 4, strap-shaped. Stamens and scales each 4, short.

2. Fothergilla. Petals none. Stamens about 24, long; filaments thickened upward.

[*][*] Flowers naked, with barely rudiments of a calyx and no corolla, crowded into catkin-like heads. Ovules several or many in each cell.

3. Liquidambar. Moncious or polygamous. Stamens very numerous. Capsules consolidated by their bases in a dense head.

1. HAMAMeLIS, L. WITCH-HAZEL.

Flowers in little axillary cl.u.s.ters or heads, usually surrounded by a scale-like 3-leaved involucre. Calyx 4-parted, and with 2 or 3 bractlets at its base. Petals 4, strap-shaped, long and narrow, spirally involute in the bud. Stamens 8, very short; the 4 alternate with the petals anther-bearing, the others imperfect and scale-like. Styles 2, short.

Capsule opening loculicidally from the top; the outer coat separating from the inner, which encloses the single large and bony seed in each cell, but soon bursts elastically into two pieces.--Tall shrubs, with straight-veined leaves, and yellow, perfect or polygamous flowers. (From ?a, _at the same time with_, and ????, _an apple-tree_; a name anciently applied to the Medlar, or some similar tree.)

1. H. Virginiana, L. Leaves obovate or oval, wavy-toothed, somewhat downy when young; blossoming late in autumn, when the leaves are falling, and maturing its seeds the next summer.--Damp woods, N. Scotia to Fla., west to E. Minn. and La.

2. FOTHERGiLLA, L.

Flowers in a terminal catkin-like spike, mostly perfect. Calyx bell-shaped, the summit truncate, slightly 5--7-toothed. Petals none.