The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 58

[*][*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals spreading after flowering and deciduous; infrastipular spines usually present, often with scattered p.r.i.c.kles; sepals, globose receptacle, and pedicel usually hispid; teeth simple; p.u.b.escence not resinous._

[+] _Leaflets mostly finely many-toothed._

7. R. Carolna, L. Stems usually tall (1--7 high), with stout straight or usually more or less curved spines; stipules long and very narrow; leaflets dull green, 5--9 (usually 7), usually narrowly oblong and acute at each end and petiolulate, but often broader, usually p.u.b.escent beneath.--Borders of swamps and streams, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Miss.

[+][+] _Leaflets coa.r.s.ely toothed._

8. R. lucida, Ehrh. Stems often tall and stout (a few inches to 6 high), _with at length stout and usually more or less hooked spines; stipules_ usually naked, _more or less dilated; leaflets_ (mostly 7) dark green, rather thick, _smooth and often shining above_; flowers corymbose or solitary; outer sepals frequently with 1 or 2 small lobes.--Margins of swamps or moist places, Newf. to N. Eng., N. Y., and E. Penn.

9. R. humilis, Marsh. Stems usually low (1--3) and more slender, less leafy, with _straight slender spines_, spreading or sometimes reflexed; _stipules narrow_, rarely somewhat dilated; leaflets as in the last, but usually thinner and paler; flowers very often solitary; _outer sepals always more or less lobed_. (R. lucida of most authors.)--Mostly in dry soil or on rocky slopes, Maine to Ga., west to Minn., Mo., Ind. Terr., and La.

10. R. nitida, Willd. Low, nearly or quite _glabrous throughout, the straight slender spines often scarcely stouter than the p.r.i.c.kles which usually thickly cover the stem and branches; stipules mostly dilated_; leaflets bright green and shining, usually narrowly oblong and acute at each end; flowers solitary (rarely 2 or 3); _sepals entire_.--Margins of swamps, Newf. to N. Eng.

_Naturalized species._

R. CANNA, L. (DOG ROSE.) Stems armed with stout recurved spines, without p.r.i.c.kles, the branches sometimes unarmed; leaflets 5--7, elliptical or oblong-ovate, glabrous or somewhat p.u.b.escent, simply toothed, not resinous-p.u.b.erulent; flowers solitary (or 2--4) on usually naked pedicels; sepals pinnatifid, deciduous; fruit oblong-ovate to nearly globular.--Roadsides, E. Penn., Tenn., etc. (Int. from Eu.)

R. RUBIGINSA, L. (SWEETBRIER. EGLANTINE.) Resembling the last, but of more compact habit, _the leaflets densely resinous beneath and aromatic, and doubly serrate_; the short pedicels and pinnatifid sepals hispid.

(Incl. R. micrantha, _Smith_; less aromatic, with oblong fruit and glabrous styles.)--N. Scotia and Ont. to S. C. and Tenn. (Int. from Eu.)

16. P?RUS, L. PEAR. APPLE.

Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals roundish or obovate.

Stamens numerous. Styles 2--5. Pome fleshy or berry-like; the 2--5 carpels or cells of a papery or cartilaginous texture, 2-seeded.--Trees or shrubs, with handsome flowers in corymbed cymes. (The cla.s.sical name of the Pear-tree.)

-- 1. MaLUS (APPLE). _Leaves simple; cymes simple and umbel-like; pome fleshy, globular, sunk in at the attachment of the stalk._

1. P. coronaria, L. (AMERICAN CRAB-APPLE.) _Leaves ovate_, often rather heart-shaped, _cut-serrate or lobed_, soon glabrous; _styles woolly and united at base_.--Glades, Ont. and W. New York to N. C., west to Minn., Kan., and La. May.--Tree 20 high, somewhat th.o.r.n.y, with large rose-colored very fragrant blossoms, few in a corymb; fruit fragrant and greenish.

2. P. angustiflia, Ait. Resembling the last, but with _leaves oblong or lanceolate_, often acute at base, mostly toothed, glabrous; _styles distinct_.--Glades, Penn. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and La. April.

-- 2. ADENRHACHIS. _Leaves simple, the midrib glandular along the upper side; cymes compound; styles united at base; fruit berry-like, small._

3. P. arbutiflia, L. f. (CHOKE-BERRY.) A shrub usually 1--3 high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate, mostly acute or ac.u.minate, finely glandular-serrate, tomentose beneath; cyme tomentose; flowers white or reddish; fruit pear-shaped, or globose when ripe, small, red or purple, astringent.--Swamps and damp thickets; common, from N. Scotia to Fla., and west to Minn., Ill., Mo., and La.

Var. melanocarpa, Hook. Nearly smooth throughout, with larger black fruit; leaves usually less acute.--Of apparently the same range.

-- 3. SoRBUS. _Leaves odd-pinnate, with rather numerous leaflets; cymes compound; styles separate; pome berry-like, small._

4. P. Americana, DC. (AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Tree or tall shrub, _nearly glabrous_ or soon becoming so; _leaflets 13--15, lanceolate, taper-pointed_, sharply serrate with pointed teeth, bright green; cymes large and flat; berries globose, bright red, not larger than peas; _leaf-buds pointed, glabrous_ and somewhat _glutinous_.--Swamps and mountain-woods, Newf. to mountains of N. C., west to N. Mich, and Minn.

Often cultivated.

5. P. sambuciflia, Cham. & Schlecht. _Leaflets oblong, oval, or lance-ovate, mostly obtuse_ or abruptly short-pointed, serrate (mostly doubly) with more spreading teeth, often pale beneath; cymes smaller; flowers and berries larger, the latter (4" broad) when young ovoid, at length globose; _leaf-buds sparingly hairy_; otherwise nearly as the preceding.--Lab. to northern N. Eng. and Lake Superior, and westward.

17. CRATae'GUS, L. HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.

Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, roundish. Stamens many, or only 10--15. Styles 1--5. Pome drupe-like, containing 1--5 bony 1-seeded stones.--Th.o.r.n.y shrubs or small trees, with simple and mostly lobed leaves, and white (rarely rose-colored) blossoms. (Name from ???t??, _strength_, on account of the hardness of the wood.)

[*] _Corymbs many-flowered._

[+] _Fruit small, depressed-globose (not larger than peas), bright red; flowers mostly small; calyx-teeth short and broad (except in n. 3); styles 5; glabrous (except_ C. Pyracantha_) and glandless._

C. PYRACaNTHA, Pers. (EVERGREEN THORN.) _Leaves evergreen_, shining (1'

long), _oblong_ or spatulate-lanceolate, crenulate; the short petioles and young branchlets p.u.b.escent; corymbs small.--Shrub, spontaneous near Washington and Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.)

1. C. spathulata, Michx. Shrub or tree, 10--25 high; _leaves thickish, shining_, deciduous, _spatulate_ or oblanceolate, with a _long tapering base, crenate_ above, rarely cut-lobed, _nearly sessile_.--Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

2. C. cordata, Ait. (WASHINGTON THORN.) Trunk 15--25 high; _leaves broadly ovate or triangular_, mostly truncate or a little heart-shaped at the base, on a _slender petiole, variously 3--5-cleft or cut, serrate_.--Va. to Ga. in the mountains, west to Mo.

3. C. viridis, L. A small tree, often unarmed; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, mostly acute at both ends, on slender petioles, acutely serrate, often somewhat lobed, and often downy in the axils; flowers larger, numerous; fruit bright red or rarely orange. (C. arborescens, _Ell._)--Mississippi bottoms from St. Louis to the Gulf, and from S. Car. to Tex.

[+][+] _Fruit small (--{1/3}' long), ovoid, deep red; flowers rather large; styles 1--3._

C. OXYACaNTHA, L. (ENGLISH HAWTHORN.) Smooth; _leaves obovate_, cut-lobed and toothed, _wedge-form_ at the base; calyx not glandular.

More or less spontaneous as well as cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)

4. C. apiiflia, Michx. Softly p.u.b.escent when young; _leaves roundish_, with a broad truncate or slightly heart-shaped base, _pinnately 5--7-cleft_, the crowded divisions cut-lobed and sharply serrate; petioles slender; calyx-lobes glandular-toothed, slender.--S. Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

[+][+][+] _Fruit large (--1' long), red; flowers large; styles and stones even in the same species 1--3 (when the fruit is ovoid or pear-shaped) or 4--5 (in globular fruit); stipules, calyx-teeth, bracts, etc., often beset with glands; shrubs or low trees._ [Species as characterized by Prof. C. S. SARGENT.]

5. C. coccinea, L. Branches reddish; spines stout, chestnut-brown; villous-p.u.b.escent on the shoots, glandular peduncles, and calyx; leaves on slender petioles, thin, p.u.b.escent beneath or often glabrous, round-ovate, cuneate or subcordate at base, acutely glandular-toothed, sometimes cut-lobed; flowers ' broad; fruit coral-red, globose or obovate, ' broad.--Newf. to Minn. and southward.--Var. MACRACaNTHA, Dudley; spines longer; leaves thicker, cuneate at base, on stout petioles, often deeply incised; cymes broader; flowers and fruit rather larger.--From the St. Lawrence and E. Ma.s.s. to Minn.

Var. mollis, Torr. & Gray. Shoots densely p.u.b.escent; leaves large, slender-petioled, cuneate, truncate or cordate at base, usually with acute narrow lobes, often subscabrous above, more or less densely p.u.b.escent beneath; flowers 1' broad, in broad cymes; fruit bright scarlet with a light bloom, 1' broad. (C. tomentosa, var. mollis, _Gray_. C. subvillosa, _Schrad._)--E. Ma.s.s, to Mo. and Tex. Sometimes 20--30 high, blooming two weeks before the type.

6. C. tomentsa, L. Branches gray, rarely with stout gray spines; shoots, peduncles, and calyx villous-p.u.b.escent; glands none; leaves large, pale, prominently veined, densely p.u.b.escent beneath, ovate or ovate-oblong, sharply serrate, usually incisely lobed, contracted into a margined petiole; flowers small, ill-scented; fruit dull red, obovate, rarely globose (' broad), upright.--Western N. Y. to Mich., Mo., and Ga. In flower 2--3 weeks after n. 3.

7. C. punctata, Jacq. Branches horizontal; glands none; leaves smaller, mostly wedge-obovate, attenuate and entire below, unequally toothed above, rarely lobed, villous-p.u.b.escent becoming smooth but dull, the many veins more impressed, prominent beneath; fruit globose (1' broad), red or bright yellow. (C. tomentosa, var. punctata, _Gray_.)--Quebec to Ont. and south to Ga.

8. C. Crus-galli, L. (c.o.c.kSPUR THORN.) Branches horizontal, with slender thorns often 4' long; _glabrous; leaves thick_, dark green, _shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate_, tapering into a very short petiole, serrate above the middle; fruit globular, dull red ({1/3}'

broad).--Thickets, common.

[*][*] _Corymbs simple, few- (1--6-) flowered; calyx, bracts, etc., glandular._

9. C. flava, Ait. (SUMMER HAW.) Tree 15--20 high, somewhat p.u.b.escent or glabrous; _leaves wedge-obovate or rhombic-obovate_, narrowed into a glandular petiole, _unequally toothed and somewhat cut_ above the middle, _rather thin_, the teeth _glandular_; styles 4--5; fruit somewhat pear-shaped, yellowish, greenish, or reddish (' broad).--Sandy soil, Va. to Mo., and southward.

Var. p.u.b.escens, Gray. Downy or villous-p.u.b.escent when young; leaves thickish, usually obtuse or rounded at the summit; fruit larger ('

broad), scarlet or sometimes yellow.--Va. to Fla.

10. C. parviflia, Ait. (DWARF THORN.) Shrub 3--6 high, downy; _leaves thick, obovate-spatulate, crenate-toothed_ (--1' long), almost sessile, the upper surface at length shining; flowers solitary or 2--3 together on _very short peduncles; calyx-lobes as long as the petals_; styles 5; fruit globular or pear-shaped, yellowish.--Sandy soil, N. J.

to Fla. and La.

18. AMELaNCHIER, Medic. JUNE-BERRY.

Calyx 5-cleft; lobes downy within. Petals oblong, elongated. Stamens numerous, short. Styles 5, united below. Ovary 5-celled, each cell 2-ovuled, but a projection grows from the back of each and forms a false cartilaginous part.i.tion; the berry-like pome thus 10-celled, with one seed in each cell (when all ripen).--Small trees or shrubs, with simple sharply serrated leaves, and white racemose flowers. (_Amelancier_ is the name of A. vulgaris in Savoy.)