The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 126

11. Limosella. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla open bell-shaped, 5-cleft, nearly regular. Leaves alternate or fascicled, fleshy. Dwarf aquatic or marsh plant.

[*][*] Anther-bearing stamens 2; usually also a pair of sterile filaments.

12. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included; the sterile pair short or none.

13. Ilysanthes. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included; the sterile filaments protruded.

14. Micranthemum. Flowers minute. Calyx 4-toothed or cleft. Upper lip of corolla short or none. Filaments with an appendage; sterile pair none.

Dwarf aquatic.

II. RHINANTHIDEae. Under lip or the lateral lobes of the corolla covering the upper in the bud. Capsule commonly loculicidal.

Tribe V. DIGITALEae. Corolla wheel-shaped, salver-shaped, or bell-shaped.

Stamens 2 or 4, not approaching in pairs nor strongly didynamous; anthers 2-celled.

15. Synthyris. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla bell-shaped, 2--4-lobed, irregular. Stamens 2 or 4. Leaves alternate. Flowers racemed.

16. Veronica. Calyx 4-(rarely 3--5-) parted. Corolla wheel-shaped or salver-shaped, almost regular. Stamens 2. Leaves chiefly opposite or whorled. Flowers racemed.

Tribe VI. GERARDIEae. Corolla with a spreading and slightly unequal 5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, approximate in pairs. Leaves opposite, or the uppermost alternate.

[*] Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers 1-celled. Flowers in a spike.

17. Buchnera. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Limb of the elongated corolla 5-cleft.

[*][*] Corolla bell-shaped to funnel-form; anthers 2-celled.

18. Seymeria. Stamens nearly equal. Tube of the corolla broad, not longer than the lobe.

19. Gerardia. Stamens strongly unequal, included.

Tribe VII. EUPHRASIEae. Corolla tubular, obviously 2-lipped; the upper lip narrow, erect or arched, enclosing the 4 usually strongly didynamous stamens.

[*] Anther-cells unequal and separated. Capsule many-seeded.

20. Castilleia. Calyx tubular, cleft down the lower, and often also on the upper, side. Upper lip of corolla elongated; the lower short, often very small.

21. Orthocarpus. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-cleft. Upper lip of corolla little longer and usually much narrower than the inflated lower one.

[*][*] Anther-cells equal. Capsule many--several-seeded.

22. Schwalbea. Calyx 5-toothed, very oblique, the upper tooth much the smallest.

23. Euphrasia. Calyx 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed, and sides folded back. Capsule oblong.

24. Bartsia. Calyx 4-cleft. Upper lip of corolla entire and sides not folded back.

25. Rhinanthus. Calyx inflated, ovate. Capsule orbicular; seeds winged.

26. Pedicularis. Calyx not inflated. Capsule ovate or sword-shaped; seeds wingless.

[*][*][*] Anther-cells equal. Capsule 1--4-seeded.

27. Melampyrum. Calyx 4-cleft. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Capsule flat, oblique.

1. VERBaSc.u.m, L. MULLEIN.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-lobed, open or concave, wheel-shaped; the lobes broad and rounded, a little unequal. Stamens 5, all the filaments, or the 3 upper, woolly. Style flattened at the apex. Capsule globular, many-seeded.--Tall and usually woolly biennial herbs, with alternate leaves, those of the stem sessile or decurrent. Flowers in large terminal spikes or racemes, ephemeral; in summer. (The ancient Latin name, altered from _Barbasc.u.m_.)

V. THaPSUS, L. (COMMON MULLEIN.) _Densely woolly throughout; stem tall and stout, simple_, winged by the decurrent bases of the oblong acute leaves; _flowers_ (yellow, very rarely white) _in a prolonged and very dense cylindrical spike_; lower stamens usually beardless.--Fields, a common weed. (Nat. from Eu.)

V. BLATTaRIA, L. (MOTH M.) _Green and smoothish, slender_; lower leaves petioled, oblong, doubly serrate, sometimes lyre-shaped, the upper partly clasping, _raceme loose_; filaments all bearded with violet wool.--Roadsides, throughout our range. Corolla either yellow, or white with a tinge of purple. (Nat. from Eu.)

V. LYCHNTIS, L. (WHITE M.) _Clothed with thin powdery woolliness_; stem and branches angled above; leaves ovate, acute, not decurrent, greenish above; _flowers_ (yellow, rarely white) _in a pyramidal panicle_; filaments with whitish wool.--Fields, N. Atlantic States, rather rare.

(Adv. from Eu.)

2. LINaRIA, Tourn. TOAD-FLAX.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla personate, with the prominent palate often nearly closing the throat, spurred at base on the lower side. Stamens 4.

Capsule thin, opening below the summit by one or two pores or c.h.i.n.ks.

Seeds many.--Herbs, with at least all the upper leaves alternate (in ours), fl. in summer. (Name from _Linum_, the Flax, which the leaves of some species resemble.)

[*] _Slender glabrous annual or biennial; leaves linear, entire and alternate (or smaller, oblong, and opposite on proc.u.mbent shoots), small blue flowers in a naked terminal raceme_.

1. L. Canadensis, Dumont. Flowering stems nearly simple (6--30' high); leaves flat (1--2" wide); pedicels erect, not longer than the filiform curved spur of the corolla.--Sandy soil, common.

[*][*] _Perennial, erect (1--3 high), glabrous, with narrow entire and alternate pale leaves, and yellow flowers in a terminal raceme._

L. VULGaRIS, Mill. (RAMSTED. b.u.t.tER AND EGGS.) Leaves linear or nearly so, extremely numerous; raceme dense; corolla 1' long or more, including the slender subulate spur; seeds winged.--Fields and roadsides, throughout our range. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. GENISTIFLIA, Mill. Glaucous, paniculately branched; leaves lanceolate, acute; flowers smaller and more scattered; seeds wingless.--Sparingly naturalized near New York. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Annual, proc.u.mbent, much branched, with broad petioled veiny alternate leaves, and small purplish and yellow flowers from their axils._

L. ELATNE, Mill. Spreading over the ground, slender, hairy; leaves hastate or the lower ovate, much surpa.s.sed by the filiform peduncles; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla 3--4" long, including the subulate spur.--Sandy banks and sh.o.r.es, Canada to N. C., rather rare.

(Nat. from Eu.)

L. SPuRIA, Mill. Like the preceding, but with roundish or cordate leaves and ovate or cordate calyx-lobes.--Occasionally occurs on ballast or waste grounds near cities. (Nat. from Eu.)

3. ANTIRRHNUM, Tourn. SNAPDRAGON.

Corolla saccate at the base, the throat closed by the large bearded palate. Seeds oblong-truncate. Otherwise nearly as Linaria.--Corolla commonly showy, resembling the face of an animal or a mask; whence the name (from ??t?, _like_, and ???, _a snout_.) Fl. summer and autumn.

A. ORoNTIUM, L. A small-flowered annual or biennial, low, erect; leaves lance-linear; spike loose, leafy; sepals longer than the purplish or white corolla.--About gardens and old fields in Atlantic States. (Adv.

from Eu.)