The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 116

5. G. Shortii, Gray. Resembles n. 3, but larger-leaved; corolla oblong-conical in bud, dark crimson-purple, its lobes ligulate (fully 6" long); _crown about 10-toothed, the alternate teeth thinner, narrower and longer, either emarginate or 2-parted_.--Along the mountains, E. Ky. (_Short_) to N. W. Ga. (_Chapman_).

6. G. Carolinensis, R. Br. Flower-bud oblong; corolla brownish-purple; its lobes oblong or linear-oblong (4--5" long); _crown undulately and very obtusely 5-lobed and with a longer bifid subulate process in each sinus_.--From Va. to La., extending north to Ark. and central Mo.

ORDER 68. LOGANIaCEae. (LOGANIA FAMILY.)

_Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with opposite and entire leaves, and stipules or a stipular membrane or line between them, and with regular 4--5-merous 4--5-androus perfect flowers, the ovary free from the calyx_; a connecting group between Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae (from all which they are known by their stipules) and Rubiaceae, from which they differ in their free ovary; our representatives of the family are all most related to the Rubiaceae, to which, indeed, they have been appended.

[*] Woody twiners; leaves evergreen, stigmas 4.

1. Gelsemium. Corolla large, the 5 lobes imbricated in the bud. Style slender.

[*][*] Herbs; stigma single, entire or 2-lobed.

2. Polypremum. Corolla 4-lobed, not longer than the calyx, imbricated in the bud.

3. Spigelia. Corolla 5-lobed, valvate in the bud. Style single, jointed in the middle.

4. Mitreola. Corolla 5-lobed, valvate in the bud. Styles 2, short, converging, united at the summit, and with a common stigma.

1. GELSeMIUM, Juss. YELLOW (FALSE) JESSAMINE.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla open-funnel-form, 5-lobed; the lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens 5, with oblong sagittate anthers. Style long and slender; stigmas 2, each 2-parted, the divisions linear. Capsule elliptical, flattened contrary to the narrow part.i.tion, 2-celled, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds many or several, winged. Embryo straight, in fleshy alb.u.men; the ovate flat cotyledons much shorter than the slender radicle.--Smooth and twining shrubby plants with ovate or lanceolate leaves, minute deciduous stipules, and showy yellow flowers, of two sorts as to relative length of stamens and style. (_Gelsomino_, the Italian name of the Jessamine.)

1. G. sempervirens, Ait. (YELLOW JESSAMINE of the South.) Stem climbing high; leaves short-petioled, shining, nearly persistent; flowers in short axillary cl.u.s.ters; pedicels scaly-bracted; flowers very fragrant (the bright yellow corolla 1--1' long); capsule flat, pointed.--Low grounds, E. Va. to Fla. and Tex. March, April.

2. POLYPReMUM, L.

Calyx 4-parted; the divisions awl-shaped from a broad scarious-margined base. Corolla not longer than the calyx, almost wheel-shaped, bearded in the throat; the 4 lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens 4, very short; anthers globular. Style 1, very short; stigma ovoid, entire. Capsule ovoid, a little flattened, notched at the apex, 2-celled, loculicidally 2-valved, many-seeded.--A smooth, diffuse, much-branched, small annual, with narrowly linear or awl-shaped leaves, connected at base by a slight stipular line; the small flowers solitary and sessile in the forks and at the ends of the branches; corolla inconspicuous, white. (Name altered from p???p?e???, _many-stemmed_.)

1. P. proc.u.mbens, L.--Dry fields, mostly in sandy soil, Md. to Tex.; also adventive in Penn. June--Oct.

3. SPIGeLIA, L. PINK-ROOT. WORM-GRa.s.s.

Calyx 5-parted; the lobes slender. Corolla tubular-funnel-form, 5-lobed at the summit, valvate in bud. Stamens 5; anthers linear. Style 1, slender, hairy above, jointed near the middle. Capsule short, 2-celled, twin, laterally flattened, separating at maturity from a persistent base into 2 carpels, which open loculicidally, few-seeded.--Chiefly herbs, with opposite leaves united by stipules, and the flowers spiked in one-sided cymes. (Named for _Adrian Spiegel_, latinized _Spigelius_, who wrote on botany early in the 17th century, and was perhaps the first to give directions for preparing an herbarium.)

1. S. Marilandica, L. (MARYLAND PINK-ROOT.) Stems simple and erect from a perennial root (6--18' high); leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute; spike simple or forked, short; corolla 1' long, red outside, yellow within; tube 4 times the length of the calyx, the lobes lanceolate; anthers and style exserted.--Rich woods, N. J. to Wisc. and Tex. June, July.--A well-known officinal anthelmintic, and a showy plant.

4. MITReOLA, L. MITREWORT.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla little longer than the calyx, somewhat funnel-form, 5-lobed, valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, included. Ovary at the base slightly adnate to the bottom of the calyx, 2-celled; styles 2, short, converging and united above by a common stigma. Capsule exserted, strongly 2-horned or mitre-shaped, opening down the inner side of each horn, many-seeded.--Annual smooth herbs, 6'--2 high, with small stipules between the leaves, and small white flowers spiked along one side of the branches of a terminal petioled cyme. (Diminutive of _mitra_, a mitre, from the shape of the pod.)

1. M. petiolata, Torr. & Gray. Leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, petioled.--Damp soil, from E. Va. to Tex.

ORDER 69. GENTIANaCEae. (GENTIAN FAMILY.)

_Smooth herbs, with a colorless bitter juice, opposite and sessile entire and simple leaves_ (except in Tribe II.) _without stipules, regular flowers with the stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, which are convolute (rarely imbricated and sometimes valvate) in the bud, a 1-celled ovary with 2 parietal placentae, or nearly the whole inner face of the ovary ovuliferous; the fruit usually a 2-valved and septicidal many-seeded capsule_.--Flowers solitary or cymose (racemose in n. 8). Calyx persistent. Corolla mostly withering-persistent; the stamens inserted on its tube. Seeds anatropous, with a minute embryo in fleshy alb.u.men. (Bitter-tonic plants.)

SUBORDER I. Gentianeae. Leaves always simple and entire, sessile, never alternate. aestivation of corolla never valvate.

[*] Lobes of corolla convolute in the bud.

[+] Style filiform, usually deciduous; anthers oblong to linear, mostly twisting or curving in age.

1. Erythraea. Parts of flower 5 or 4; corolla salver-form; anthers twisting spirally.

2. Sabbatia. Parts of flower 5--12; corolla rotate; anthers recurved or revolute.

3. Eustoma. Parts of flower 5 or 6; corolla campanulate-funnel-form; anthers versatile, straight or recurving; calyx-lobes long-ac.u.minate.

[+][+] Style stout and persistent or none; anthers remaining straight.

4. Gentiana. Corolla funnel-form or bell-shaped, mostly plaited in the sinuses, without spurs or glands. Calyx 4--5-cleft.

5. Frasera. Corolla 4-parted, rotate; a fringed glandular spot on each lobe.

6. Halenia. Corolla 4--5-cleft, campanulate, and 4--5-spurred at the base.

[*][*] Lobes of corolla imbricate in the bud; no appendages.

7. Bartonia. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla deeply 4-cleft, somewhat campanulate.

8. Obolaria. Calyx of 2 foliaceous sepals. Corolla 4-lobed, oblong-campanulate.

SUBORDER II. Menyantheae. Leaves all alternate and mostly petioled, sometimes trifoliolate or crenate. aestivation of corolla induplicate-valvate. Marsh or aquatic perennials.

9. Menyanthes. Corolla bearded inside. Leaves 3-foliolate.

10. Limnanthemum. Corolla naked, or bearded on the margins only. Leaves simple, rounded.

1. ERYTHRae'A, Richard. CENTAURY.

Calyx 4--5-parted, the divisions slender. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form, with slender tube and 4--5-parted limb. Anthers exserted, erect, twisting spirally. Style slender, single; stigma capitate or 2-lipped.--Low and small branching annuals, chiefly with rose-purple or reddish flowers (whence the name, from ???????, _red_); in summer.

E. CENTAuRIUM, Pers. (CENTAURY.) Stem upright (6--12' high), _corymbosely branched_ above; leaves oblong or elliptical, acutish, the basal rosulate, the uppermost linear; _cymes cl.u.s.tered, flat-topped, the flowers all nearly sessile_; tube of the (purple-rose-colored) corolla not twice the length of the oval lobes.--Waste grounds, sh.o.r.es of Lakes Ontario and Michigan. (Adv. from Eu.)

E. RAMOSiSSIMA, Pers. Low (2--6' high); _stem many times forked above and forming a diffuse cyme_; leaves ovate-oblong or oval, not rosulate below; _flowers all on short pedicels_; tube of the (pink-purple) corolla thrice the length of the elliptical-oblong lobes.--Wet or shady places, N. J., E. Penn., and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)

E. SPICaTA, Pers. Stem strictly upright (6--10' high); the _flowers sessile and spiked along one side of the simple or rarely forked branches_; leaves oval and oblong, rounded at base, acutish; tube of the (rose-colored or whitish) corolla scarcely longer than the calyx, the lobes oblong.--Sandy sea-sh.o.r.e, Nantucket, Ma.s.s., and Portsmouth, Va.

(Nat. from Eu.)

2. SABBaTIA, Adans.