The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Part 9

-IN- Denotes the feminine gender (in-o, _a female_), (par. 282):

frat-o, _a brother_, frat-in-o, _a sister_.

leon-o, _a lion_, leon-in-o, _a lioness_.

-IND- Denotes worthiness, deserving of something, worthy of (ind-o, _worth_, _merit_), (par. 275):

laud-i, _to praise_, laud-ind-a, _praiseworthy_.

estim-o, _esteem_, estim-ind-a, _estimable_, _worthy of esteem_.

-ING- Denotes a thing used for holding _only one_ object (ing-o, _a socket_, or _sheath_), (par. 278):

plum-o, _a pen_, plum-ing-o, _a penholder_.

kandel-o, _a candle_, kandel-ing-o, _a candlestick_.

-ISM- Denotes a theory, system, doctrine, school of thought (ism-o, _an "ism"_), (par. 293):

real-a, _real_, real-ism-o, _realism_.

protestant-o, _a protestant_, protestant-ism-o, _protestantism_.

-IST- Denotes a person occupied with the idea contained in the root (par. 272):

drog-o, _a drug_, drog-ist-o, _a druggist_.

stel-i, _to steal_, stel-ist-o, _a thief_.

-NJ- See CJ, page 29, and par. 274.

-OBL- Denotes a numeral multiple (par. 284):

du, _two_, du-obl-a, _double_.

tri, _three_, tri-obl-a, _triple_.

-ON- Denotes a numeral fraction (par. 284):

kvar, _four_, kvar-on-o, _a fourth_.

kvin, _five_, kvin-on-o, _a fifth_.

-OP- Denotes a numeral collective (op-a, _collective_), (par.

284):

du, _two_, du-op-e, _by twos_.

dek, _ten_, dek-op-e, _by tens_, _ten together_.

-UJ- Denotes that which contains, produces, encloses, or bears, a quant.i.ty or more than one article (uj-o, _a receptacle_), (par.

278):

ink-o, _ink_, ink-uj-o, _an inkpot_.

plum-o, _a pen_, plum-uj-o, _a pen box_ (not a penholder).

turk-o, _a Turk_, Turk-uj-o, _Turkey_.

-UL- Denotes a person or being characterized by the idea implied in the root (par. 272):

ric-a, _rich_, ric-ul-o, _a rich man_.

avar-a, _avaricious_, avar-ul-o, _a miser_.

-UM- Has no defined meaning. The meaning of a word with um is suggested by the context and the signification of the root to which it is joined. It is rarely used (par. 285):

kol-o, _a neck_, kol-um-o, _a collar_.

plen-a, _full_, plen-um-i, _to fulfil_.

man-o, _a hand_, man-um-o, _a cuff_.

55. LIST OF PREFIXES (Prefiksoj).

BO- Denotes any relationship resulting from marriage (par. 286):

patro, _a father_, bo-patro, _a father-in-law_.

filino, _a daughter_, bo-filino, _a daughter-in-law_.

DIS- Denotes division, dissemination, separation, etc., (dis-e, _separately_), (par. 287):

jeti, _to throw_, dis-jeti, _to throw about_, _to scatter_.

siri, _to tear_, dis-siri, _to tear in pieces_.

EK- Denotes the beginning of an action, or its short duration (par. 288):

kanti, _to sing_, ek-kanti, _to begin to sing_.

brili, _to shine_, ek-brili, _to flash_.

EKS- Denotes late, formerly, like the English _ex-_.