The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Part 2

Nia diligenta kolegaro En laboro paca ne lacigos, Gis la bela songo de l' homaro Por eterna ben' efektivigos.

L. L. Zamenhof.

El Fundamenta Krestomatio.

HOPE.

Literal Translation.

A new sentiment has come into the world, A mighty call is pa.s.sing through the world; On wings of a light breeze From place to place now let it fly.

Not to the sword thirsting for blood Does it draw the family of mankind: To the ever-warring world It promises holy harmony.

Under the sacred sign of hope Peaceful combatants are gathering, And the cause is rapidly growing Through the labour of the hopeful.

Strongly stand the walls of thousands of years Between the divided peoples; But the obstinate barriers shall leap asunder, Beaten down by sacred love.

On a neutral lingual foundation, Understanding one another, The peoples shall form in agreement One great family circle.

Our diligent colleagues Will not weary of their peaceful labour, Until the beautiful dream of mankind For eternal blessing shall be realized.

LA VOJO.

Tra densa mallumo briletas la celo, Al kiu kurage ni iras, Simile al stelo en nokta cielo, Al ni la direkton gi diras.

Kaj nin ne timigas la noktaj fantomoj, Nek batoj de l' sorto, nek mokoj de l' h.o.m.oj, Car klara kaj rekta kaj tre difinita Gi estas, la voj' elekt.i.ta.

Ni semas kaj semas, neniam lacigas, Pri l' tempoj estontaj pensante, Cent semoj perdigas, mil semoj perdigas,-- Ni semas kaj semas konstante.

"Ho, cesu!" mokante la h.o.m.oj admonas, "Ne cesu, ne cesu!" en kor' al ni sonas: "Obstine antauen! La nepoj vin benos Se vi pacience eltenos."

Se longa sekeco au ventoj subitaj Velkantajn foliojn desiras, Ni dankas la venton kaj, repurigitaj, Ni forton pli fresan akiras.

Ne mortos jam nia bravega anaro, Gin jam ne timigas la vento, nek staro: Obstine gi pasas, provita, hardita, Al cel' unu fojon signita

Nur rekte, kurage kaj ne flankigante Ni iru la vojon celitan!

Ec guto malgranda, konstante frapante, Traboras la monton granitan.

L' espero, l' obstino kaj la pacienco-- Jen estas la signoj, per kies potenco Ni paso post paso, post longa laboro, Atingos la celon en gloro.

L. L. Zamenhof.

PART I

ALPHABET (Alfabeto).

1. The Alphabet (la alfabeto) consists of 28 letters, viz.:--5 vowels (vokaloj) and 23 consonants (konsonantoj).

Aa, Bb, Cc, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Gg, Hh, Hh, Ii, Jj, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ss, Tt, Uu, Uu, Vv, Zz.

2. The Characters are written as in English, the marks over the letters requiring them being added as printed. In telegrams c, g, h, j, s, u, may be written ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, u.

3. Typewriting.--If the letters c, g, h, j, s, u, are not on the machine, type the plain letters and add the supersigns afterwards with the pen; most makers, however, supply a machine with the necessary characters, or they can be added to any machine on a "dead key" at the cost of a few shillings.

4. The Names given to the letters are different from those of other languages. For instance, in English we add E to _some_ of the consonants to name the letter, but in Esperanto O is added to _all_ the 23 consonants, and the alphabet runs thus:--A, Bo, Co, Co, Do, E, Fo, Go, Go, Ho, Ho, I, Jo, Jo, Ko, Lo, Mo, No, O, Po, Ro, So, So, To, U, Uo, Vo, Zo. Note particularly the p.r.o.nunciation of the 12 consonants, given in the next paragraph.

See "Hints to Learners," page 363.

p.r.o.nUNCIATION (p.r.o.nonco).

5. The Consonants are p.r.o.nounced as in English, with the following exceptions:--

C p.r.o.nounced _tso_ like _ts_ in _pits_, _Tsar_.

C p.r.o.nounced _cho_ like _ch_ in _choke_ or _church_.

G p.r.o.nounced _go_ like _g_ in _get_ or _go_, always hard.

G p.r.o.nounced _djo_ like _j_ in _Joe_, or _G_ in _George_.

H p.r.o.nounced _hHo_ like _ch_ in _loch_ (is a very strong guttural aspirate).

J p.r.o.nounced _yo_ like _y_ in _yoke_.

J p.r.o.nounced _zho_ like _s_ in _pleasure_, _leisure_.

R p.r.o.nounced _ro_ like _rr_ in _terror_.

S p.r.o.nounced _so_ like _s_ in _so_ (never has the sound of _z_).

S p.r.o.nounced _sho_ like _sh_ in _show_.

U p.r.o.nounced _oo-o_ or _wo_ like _w_ in _cow_.

Z p.r.o.nounced _zo_ like _z_ in _zone_.

For the p.r.o.nunciation of the vowels, see pars. 8 and 9.

6. In spelling a word use the Esperanto name, thus:--A, No, To, A, Wo, spells _antau_ (before). E, Wo, Ro, O, Po, O, spells _Europo_ (Europe). U, No, U, spells _unu_ (one).

7. Consonants. Note the following:--

(_a_). C and J are the only consonants which have a different sound than in English.

(_b_). C, C and S are the equivalents of the English combinations _ts_, _ch_ (soft) and _sh_.

(_c_). G has always the English _hard_ sound.

(_d_). G is like the English J.

(_e_). J is like the English Y.

(_f_). H is always aspirated.