The Grammar of English Grammars Part 240

"Birds_ is a noun; it is the _common_ name of _feathered animals_."--_Kirkham cor._ "Adam gave names to _all_ living _creatures_."

Or thus: "Adam gave _a name_ to every living creature."--_Bicknell cor._ "The steps of a _flight of stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the human figure." Or thus: "_Stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the _ease of the users_."--_Kames cor._ "Nor ought an emblem, more than a simile, to be founded on _a_ low or familiar _object_."--_Id._ "Whatever the Latin has not from the Greek, it has from the _Gothic_."--_Tooke cor._ "The _mint_, and _the office of the secretary of state_, are neat buildings."--_The Friend cor._ "The scenes of dead and still _existence_ are apt to pall upon us."--_Blair cor._ "And Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus, the angelical _doctor_ and the subtle, are the brightest stars in the scholastic constellation."--_Lit. Hist. cor._ "The English language has three methods of distinguishing the _s.e.xes_."--_Murray et al. cor._; also _R. C. Smith_.

"In English, there are the three following methods of distinguishing _the s.e.xes_."--_Jaudon cor._ "There are three ways of distinguishing the _s.e.xes_."--_Lennie et al. cor._; also _Merchant. "The s.e.xes are_ distinguished in three ways."--_Maunder cor._ "Neither discourse in general, nor poetry in particular, can be called altogether an imitative _art_."--_Dr. Blair cor._

"Do we for this the G.o.ds and conscience brave, That one may rule and _all_ the rest _enslave_?"--_Rowe cor._

LESSON III.--ADJECTIVES.

"There is a deal _more_ of heads, than _of_ either heart or horns."--_Barclay cor._ "For, of all villains, I think he has the _most improper name_."--_Bunyan cor._ "Of all the men that I met in my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the _wrongest_ name."--_Id._ "I am _surprised_ to see so much of the distribution, and _so many of the_ technical terms, of the Latin grammar, retained in the grammar of our tongue."--_Priestley cor._ "Nor did the Duke of Burgundy bring him _any_ a.s.sistance."--_Hume and Priestley cor._ "Else he will find it difficult to make _an_ obstinate _person_ believe him."--_Brightland cor._ "Are there any adjectives which form the degrees of comparison _in a manner_ peculiar to themselves?"--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Yet _all_ the verbs are of the indicative mood."--_Lowth cor._ "The word _candidate_ is _absolute_, in the _nominative_ case."--_L. Murray cor._ "An Iambus has the first syllable unaccented, and the _last_ accented."--_L. Murray, D. Blair, Jamieson, Kirkham, Bullions, Guy, Merchant_, and others. "A Dactyl has the first syllable accented, and the _last two [syllables_] unaccented."--_Murray et al. cor._ "It is proper to begin with a capital the first word of every book, chapter, letter, note, or[553] other piece of writing."--_Jaudon's Gram._, p. 195; _John Flint's_, 105. "Five and seven make twelve, and one _more_ makes thirteen."--_L. Murray cor._ "I wish to cultivate a _nearer_ acquaintance with you."--_Id._ "Let us consider the means _which are proper_ to effect our purpose." Or thus: "Let us consider _what_ means _are_ proper to effect our purpose."--_Id._ "Yet they are of _so_ similar a nature as readily to mix and blend."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The Latin is formed on the same model, but _is_ more imperfect."--_Id._ "I know very well how _great_ pains have been taken." Or thus: "I know very well how much _care has_ been taken."--_Temple cor._ "The management of the breath requires a _great_ deal of care."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Because the mind, during such a momentary stupefaction, is, in a _great_ measure, if not totally, insensible."--_Kames cor._ "Motives of reason and interest _alone_ are not sufficient."--_Id._ "To render the composition distinct in its parts, and on the whole _impressive_."--_Id._ "_A_ and _an_ are named _the Indefinite article_, because they denote _indifferently any_ one thing of a kind."--_Maunder cor._ "_The_ is named _the Definite article_, because it points out some particular thing _or things_."--_Id._ "So much depends upon the proper construction of sentences, that, in _any_ sort of composition, we cannot be too strict in our attention to it." Or:--"that, in _every_ sort of composition, we _ought to be very_ strict in our attention to it."

Or:--"that, in _no_ sort of composition, _can we be_ too strict," &c.--_Dr.

Blair cor._ "_Every_ sort of declamation and public speaking was carried on by them." Or thus: "All _sorts_ of declamation and public speaking, _were_ carried on by them."--_Id._ "The _former_ has, on many occasions, a sublimity to which the latter never attains."--_Id._ "When the words, _therefore, consequently, accordingly_, and the like, are used in connexion with conjunctions, they are adverbs."--_Kirkham cor._ "Rude nations make _few_ or no allusions to the productions of the arts."--_Jamieson cor._ "While two of her maids knelt on _each_ side of her." Or, if there were only two maids kneeling, and not four: "While two of her maids knelt _one_ on _each_ side of her."--_Mirror cor._ "The personal p.r.o.nouns _of the third person_, differ from _one an_ other in meaning and use, as follows."--_Bullions cor._ "It was happy for the state, that Fabius continued in the command with _Minutius_: the phlegm _of the former_ was a check _on_ the vivacity _of the latter_."--_L. Murray and others cor._: see _Maunders Gram._, p. 4. "If it be objected, that the words _must_ and _ought_, in the preceding sentences, are _both_ in the present tense." Or thus: "If it be objected, that _in all_ the preceding sentences the words _must_ and _ought_ are in the present tense."--_L. Murray cor._ "But it will be well, if you turn to them now and then." Or:--"if you turn to them _occasionally_."--_Bucke cor._ "That every part should have a dependence on, and mutually contribute to support, _every_ other."--_Rollin cor._ "The phrase, '_Good, my lord_,' is not common, and _is_ low." Or:--"is _uncommon_, and low."--_Priestley cor._

"That brother should not war with brother, And _one_ devour _or vex an_ other."--_Cowper cor._

LESSON IV.--p.r.o.nOUNS.

"If I can contribute to _our_ country's glory." Or:--"to _your glory_ and _that of my country_."--_Goldsmith cor._ "As likewise of the several subjects, which have in effect each _its_ verb."--_Lowth cor._ "He is likewise required to make examples _for_ himself." Or: "He _himself_ is likewise required to make examples."--_J. Flint cor._ "If the emphasis be placed wrong, _it will_ pervert and confound the meaning wholly." Or: "If the emphasis be placed wrong, the meaning _will be perverted_ and _confounded_ wholly." Or: "If _we place_ the emphasis wrong, we pervert and confound the meaning wholly."--_L. Murray cor._; also _Dr. Blair_. "It was this, that characterized the great men of antiquity; it is this, _that_ must distinguish the moderns who would tread in their steps."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "I am a great enemy to implicit faith, as well the Popish as _the_ Presbyterian; _for_, in that, _the Papists and the Presbyterians_ are _very_ much alike."--_Barclay cor._ "Will he thence dare to say, the apostle held _an other_ Christ than _him_ that died?"--_Id._ "_Why_ need you be anxious about this event?" Or: "What need _have_ you to be anxious about this event?"--_Collier cor._ "If a substantive can be placed after the verb, _the latter_ is active."--_A. Murray cor._ "_To see_ bad men honoured and prosperous in the world, is some discouragement to virtue."

Or: "_It_ is some discouragement to virtue, _to see_ bad men," &c.--_L.

Murray cor._ "It is a happiness to young persons, _to be_ preserved from the snares of the world, as in a garden enclosed."--_Id._ "_At_ the court of Queen Elizabeth, _where all_ was prudence and economy."--_Bullions cor._ "It is no wonder, if such a man did not shine at the court of Queen Elizabeth, who was _so remarkable_ for _her_ prudence and economy."--_Priestley, Murray, et al cor._ "A defective verb is _a verb_ that wants some parts. _The defective verbs_ are chiefly the _auxiliaries_ and _the_ impersonal verbs."--_Bullions cor._ "Some writers have given _to the_ moods a much greater extent than _I_ have a.s.signed to them."--_L.

Murray cor._ "The personal p.r.o.nouns give _such_ information _as_ no other words are capable of conveying."--_M'Culloch cor._ "When the article _a, an_, or _the_, precedes the participle, _the latter_ also becomes a noun."--_Merchant cor._ "To some of these, there is a preference to be given, which custom and judgement must determine."--_L. Murray cor._ "Many writers affect to subjoin to any word the preposition with which it is compounded, or _that_ of which it _literally_ implies the idea."--_Id. and Priestley cor._

"Say, dost thou know Vectidius? _Whom_, the wretch Whose lands beyond the Sabines largely stretch?"--_Dryden cor._

LESSON V.--VERBS.

"We _should_ naturally expect, that the word _depend_ would require _from_ after it."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 158. "A dish which they pretend _is_ made of emerald."--_L. Murray cor._ "For the very nature of a sentence implies _that_ one proposition _is_ expressed."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p.

311. "Without a careful attention to the sense, we _should_ be naturally led, by the rules of syntax, to refer it to the rising and setting of the sun."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "For any rules that can be given, on this subject, _must be_ very general."--_Id._ "He _would be_ in the right, if eloquence were what he conceives it to be."--_Id._ "There I _should_ prefer a more free and diffuse manner."--_Id._ "Yet that they also _resembled one an other, and agreed_ in certain qualities."--_Id._ "But, since he must restore her, he insists _on having an other_ in her place."--_Id._ "But these are far from being so frequent, or so common, as _they have_ been supposed _to be_."--_Id._ "We are not _led_ to a.s.sign a wrong place to the pleasant or _the_ painful feelings."--_Kames cor._ "Which are of greater importance than _they are_ commonly thought."--_Id._ "Since these qualities are both coa.r.s.e and common, _let us_ find out the mark of a man of probity."--_Collier cor._ "Cicero did what no man had ever done before him; _he drew_ up a treatise of consolation for himself."--_Biographer cor._ "Then there can _remain_ no other doubt of the truth."--_Brightland cor._ "I have observed _that_ some satirists use the term." Or: "I have observed some satirists _to_ use the term."--_Bullions cor._ "Such men are ready to despond, or _to become_ enemies."--_Webster cor._ "Common nouns _are_ names common to many things."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "To make ourselves _heard_ by one to whom we address ourselves."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "That, in reading poetry, he may be the better able to judge of its correctness, and _may_ relish its beauties." Or:--"and _to_ relish its beauties."--_L. Murray cor._ "On the stretch to keep pace with the author, and _comprehend his meaning_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "For it might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and _the money_ have been given to the poor."--_Bible cor._ "He is a beam that _has_ departed, and _has_ left no streak of light behind."--_Ossian cor._ "No part of this incident ought to have been represented, but _the whole should have been_ reserved for a narrative."--_Kames cor._ "The rulers and people debauching themselves, _a country is brought to ruin_." Or: "_When_ the rulers and people _debauch_ themselves, _they bring_ ruin on a country."--_Ware cor._ "When _a t.i.tle_, (as _Doctor, Miss, Master_, &c.,) is prefixed to a name, the _latter only_, of the two words, is commonly _varied to form the_ plural; as, 'The _Doctor Nettletons_,'--'The two _Miss Hudsons_.'"--_A. Murray cor._ "Wherefore that field _has been_ called, '_The Field of Blood_,' unto this day."--_Bible cor._ "To comprehend the situations of other countries, which perhaps _it_ may be necessary for him to explore."--_Dr. Brown cor._ "We content ourselves now with fewer conjunctive particles than our ancestors _used_."--_Priestley cor._ "And who will be chiefly liable to make mistakes where others have _erred_ before them."--_Id._ "The voice of nature _and that of_ revelation _unite_." Or: "_Revelation and_ the voice of nature _unite_." Or: "The voice of nature _unites with revelation_." Or: "The voice of nature unites _with that of_ revelation."--_Wayland cor._

"This adjective, you see, we can't admit; But, changed to 'WORSE,' _the word is_ just and fit."--_Tobitt cor._

LESSON VI.--PARTICIPLES.

"Its application is not arbitrary, _or dependent_ on the caprice of readers."--_L. Murray cor._ "This is the more expedient, _because the work is_ designed for the benefit of private learners."--_Id._ "A man, he tells us, ordered by his will, to have _a statue erected_ for him."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "From some likeness too remote, and _lying_ too far out of the road of ordinary thought."--_Id._ "In the commercial world, money is a _fluid, running_ from hand to hand."--_Dr. Webster cor._ "He pays much attention to _the_ learning and singing _of_ songs."--_Id._ "I would not be understood to consider _the_ singing _of_ songs as criminal."--_Id._ "It is a _case decided by Cicero_, the great master of writing."--_Editor of Waller cor._ "Did they ever bear a testimony against _the_ writing _of_ books?"-- _Bates's Rep. cor._ "Exclamations are sometimes _mistaken_ for interrogations."--_Hist. of Print, cor._ "Which cannot fail _to prove_ of service."--_Smith cor._ "Hewn into such figures as would make them _incorporate_ easily and firmly."--_Beat, or Mur. cor._ "_After_ the rule and example, _there_ are practical inductive questions."--_J. Flint cor._ "I think _it_ will be an advantage, _that I have_ collected _my_ examples from modern writings."--_Priestley cor._ "He was eager _to recommend_ it to his fellow-citizens."--_Id. and Hume cor._ "The good lady was careful _to serve_ me _with_ every thing."--_Id._ "No revelation would have been given, had the light of nature been sufficient, in such a sense as to render one _superfluous_ and useless."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "Description, again, is _a representation which raises_ in the mind the conception of an object, by means of some arbitrary or inst.i.tuted symbols."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Disappointing the expectation of the hearers, when they look for _an end_." Or:--"for _the termination of_ our _discourse_."--_Id._ "There is a distinction, which, in the use of them, is _worthy_ of attention."-- _Maunder cor._ "A model has been contrived, which is not very expensive, and _which_ is easily managed."--_Ed. Reporter cor._ "The conspiracy was the more easily discovered, _because the conspirators were_ many."--_L.

Murray cor._ "Nearly ten years _had_ that celebrated work _been published_, before its importance was at all understood."--_Id._ "_That_ the _sceptre is_ ostensibly grasped by a female hand, does not reverse the general order of government."--_West cor._ "I have hesitated _about_ signing the Declaration of Sentiments."--_Lib. cor._ "The prolonging of men's lives when the world needed to be peopled, and _the subsequent_ shortening _of_ them when that necessity _had_ ceased."--_Rev. John Brown cor._ "Before the performance commences, we _see_ displayed the insipid formalities of the prelusive scene."--_Kirkham cor._ "It forbade the lending of money, or _the_ sending _of_ goods, or _the_ embarking _of_ capital in anyway, in transactions connected with that foreign traffic."--_Brougham cor._ "Even abstract ideas have sometimes the same important _prerogative conferred_ upon them."--_Jamieson cor._ "_Ment_, like other terminations, changes _y_ into _i_, when _the y is preceded_ by a consonant."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p.

25. "The term PROPER is from the French _propre_, own, or the Latin _proprius_; and _a Proper noun_ is _so called, because it_ is peculiar to the individual _or family_ bearing the name. The term COMMON is from the Latin _communis_, pertaining equally to several or many; and _a Common noun_ is _so called, because it is common_ to every individual comprised in the cla.s.s."--_Fowler cor._

"Thus oft by mariners are _showed_ (Unless the men of Kent are liars) Earl G.o.dwin's castles _overflowed_, And palace-roofs, and steeple- spires."--_Swift cor._

LESSON VII.--ADVERBS.

"He spoke to every man and woman _who was there_."--_L. Murray cor._ "Thought and language act and react upon each other."--_Murray's Key_, p.

264. "Thought and expression act _and react_ upon each other."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 356. "They have neither the leisure nor the means of attaining any knowledge, except what lies within the contracted circle of their several professions."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 160. "Before they are capable of understanding _much_, or indeed any thing, of _most_ other branches of education."--_Olney cor._ "There is _no_ more beauty in one of them, than in _an other_."--_L. Murray cor._ "Which appear to be constructed according to _no_ certain rule."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The vehement manner of speaking became _less_ universal."--Or better:--"_less general_."--_Id._ "_Not_ all languages, however, agree in this mode of expression." Or: "This mode of expression, however, _is not common to all_ languages."--_Id._ "The great occasion of setting _apart_ this particular day."--_Atterbury cor._ "He is much more promising now, than _he was_ formerly."--_L. Murray cor._ "They are placed before a participle, _without dependence_ on the rest of the sentence."--_Id._ "This opinion _does not appear to have been_ well considered." Or: "This opinion appears to _have been formed without due consideration_."--_Id._ "Precision in language merits a full explication; and _merits it_ the more, because distinct ideas are, perhaps, _but rarely_ formed _concerning_ it."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "In the more sublime parts of poetry, he is _less_ distinguished." Or:--"he is not so _highly_ distinguished."--_Id._ "_Whether_ the author was altogether happy in the choice of his subject, may be questioned."--_Id._ "But, _with regard to this matter_ also, there is a great error in the common practice."--_Webster cor._ "This order is the very order of the human mind, which makes things we are sensible of, a means to come at those that are not _known_." Or:--"which makes things _that_ are _already known, its_ means _of finding out_ those that are not so."--_Foreman cor._ "Now, who is not discouraged, and _does not fear_ want, when he has no money?"--_C.

Leslie cor._ "Which the authors of this work consider of little or no use."--_Wilbur and Liv. cor._ "And here indeed the distinction between these two cla.s.ses begins to be _obscure_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But this is a manner which deserves to be _avoided_." Or:--"which _does not deserve_ to be imitated."--_Id._ "And, in this department, a person effects _very_ little, _whenever_ he attempts too much."--_Campbell and Murray cor._ "The verb that signifies _mere_ being, is neuter."--_Ash cor._ "I hope to tire _but little_ those whom I shall not happen to please."--_Rambler cor._ "Who were utterly unable to p.r.o.nounce some letters, and _who p.r.o.nounced_ others very indistinctly."--_Sheridan cor._ "The learner may point out the active, pa.s.sive, and neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons _for thus distinguishing them_." Or: "The learner may point out the active, _the_ pa.s.sive, and _the_ neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons _for calling them so_."--_C. Adams cor._ "These words are _almost_ always conjunctions."--_Barrett cor._

"_How glibly_ nonsense trickles from his tongue!

How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung!"--_Pope cor._

LESSON VIII.--CONJUNCTIONS.

"Who, at least, either knew not, _or did not love_ to make, a distinction."

Or better thus: "Who, at least, either knew _no distinction_, or _did not like_ to make _any_."--_Dr. Murray cor._ "It is childish in the last degree _to let_ this become the ground of estranged affection."--_L. Murray cor._ "When the regular, _and when_ the irregular verb, is to be preferred [sic--KTH], p. 107."--_Id._ "The books were to have been sold this day."

Or:--"_on_ this day."--_Priestley cor._ "Do, _an_ you will." Or: "Do, _if_ you will."--_Shak. cor._ "If a man had a positive idea _either_ of infinite duration or _of infinite_ s.p.a.ce, he could add two infinites together." Or: "If a man had a positive idea of _what is_ infinite, either _in_ duration or _in_ s.p.a.ce, he could," &c.--_Murray's proof-text cor._ "None shall more willingly agree _to_ and advance the same _than_ I."--_Morton cor._ "That it cannot _but_ be hurtful to continue it."--_Barclay cor._ "A conjunction joins words _or_ sentences."--_Beck cor._ "The copulative conjunction connects words _or_ sentences together, and continues the sense."--_Frost cor._ "The _copulative_ conjunction serves to connect [_words or clauses_,]

_and_ continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a cause, or a supposition."--_L. Murray cor._ "All construction is either true or apparent; or, in other words, _either literal or_ figurative."--_Buchanan and Brit. Gram. cor._ "But the divine character is such _as_ none but a divine hand could draw." Or: "But the divine character is such, _that_ none but a divine hand could draw _it_."--_A. Keith cor._ "Who is so mad, that, on inspecting the heavens, _he_ is insensible of a G.o.d?"--_Gibbons cor._ "It is now submitted to an enlightened public, with little _further_ desire on the part of the _author_, than for its general utility."--_Town cor._ "This will sufficiently explain _why_ so many provincials have grown old in the capital without making any change in their original dialect."-- _Sheridan cor._ "Of these, they had chiefly three in general use, which were denominated ACCENTS, the term _being_ used in the plural number."--_Id._ "And this is one of the chief reasons _why_ dramatic representations have ever held the first rank amongst the diversions of mankind."--_Id._ "Which is the chief reason _why_ public reading is in general so disgusting."--_Id._ "At the same time _in which_ they learn to read." Or: "_While_ they learn to read."--_Id._ "He is always to p.r.o.nounce his words with _exactly_ the same accent that he _uses in speaking_."--_Id._ "In order to know what _an other_ knows, and in the same manner _in which_ he knows it."--_Id._ "For the same reason _for which_ it is, in a more limited state, a.s.signed to the several tribes of animals."--_Id._ "Were there masters to teach this, in the same manner _in which_ other arts are taught." Or: "Were there masters to teach this, _as_ other arts are taught."--_Id._

"Whose own example strengthens all his laws; _Who_ is himself that great sublime he draws."--_Pope cor._

LESSON IX.--PREPOSITIONS.

"The word _so_ has sometimes the same meaning _as_ ALSO, LIKEWISE, _or_ THE SAME."--_Priestley cor._ "The verb _use_ relates not to 'pleasures of the imagination;' but to the terms _fancy_ and _imagination_, which he was to employ as synonymous."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It never can view, clearly and distinctly, _more than_ one object at a time."--_Id._ "This figure [Euphemism] is often the same _as_ the Periphrasis."--_Adam and Gould cor._ "All the _intermediate_ time _between_ youth and old age."--_W. Walker cor._ "When one thing is said to act _upon an other_, or do something to _it_."--_Lowth cor._ "Such a composition has as much of meaning in it, as a mummy has _of_ life." Or: "Such a composition has as much meaning in it, as a mummy has life."--_Lit. Conv. cor._ "That young men, from fourteen to eighteen _years of age_, were not the best judges."--_Id._ "This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and _of_ blasphemy."--_Isaiah_, x.x.xvii, 3.

"Blank verse has the same pauses and accents _that occur in_ rhyme."--_Kames cor._ "In prosody, long syllables are distinguished by _the macron_ (); and short ones by what is called _the breve_ (~)."--_Bucke cor._ "Sometimes both articles are left out, especially _from_ poetry."--_Id._ "_From_ the following example, the p.r.o.noun and participle are omitted." Or: "In the following example, the p.r.o.noun and participle are _not expressed_."--_L. Murray cor._ [But the example was faulty. Say.]

"Conscious of his weight and importance,"--or, "_Being_ conscious of his own weight and importance, _he did_ not _solicit_ the aid of others."--_Id._ "He was an excellent person; _even in his_ early youth, a mirror of _the_ ancient faith."--_Id._ "The carrying _of_ its several parts into execution."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "Concord is the agreement which one word has _with_ an other, in gender, number, case, _or_ person."--_L.

Murray's Gram._, p. 142. "It might perhaps have given me a greater taste _for_ its antiquities."--_Addison cor._ "To call _on_ a person, and to wait _on_ him."--_Priestley cor._ "The great difficulty they found in fixing just sentiments."--_Id. and Hume cor._ "Developing the _differences of_ the three."--_James Brown cor._ "When the singular ends in x, ch soft, sh, ss, or s, we add _es to form_ the plural."--_L. Murray cor._ "We shall present him a list or specimen of them." "It is very common to hear of the evils of pernicious reading, how it enervates the mind, or how it depraves the principles."--_Dymond cor._ "In this example, the verb _arises_ is understood before 'curiosity' and _before_ 'knowledge.'"--_L. Murray et al.

cor._ "The connective is frequently omitted, _when_ several words _have the same construction_."--_Wilc.o.x cor._ "He shall expel them from before you, and drive them _out from_ your sight."--_Bible cor._ "Who makes his sun _to_ shine and his rain to descend, upon the just and the unjust." Or thus: "Who makes his sun shine, and his rain descend, upon the just and the unjust."--_M'Ilvaine cor._

LESSON X.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"This sentence violates _an established rule_ of grammar."--_L. Murray cor._ "The words _thou_ and _shall_ are again reduced to _syllables of_ short _quant.i.ty_."--_Id._ "Have the _greatest_ men always been the most popular? By no means."--_Lieber cor._ "St. Paul positively stated, that 'He _that loveth an other, hath_ fulfilled the law.'"--_Rom._, xiii, 8. "More _organs_ than one _are_ concerned in the utterance of almost every consonant."--_M'Culloch cor._ "If the reader will pardon _me for_ descending so low."--_Campbell cor._ "To adjust them in _such a manner_ as shall consist equally with the perspicuity and the grace of the period."

Or: "To adjust them so, _that they_ shall consist equally," &c.--_Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor._ "This cla.s.s exhibits a lamentable inefficiency, and _a great_ want of simplicity."--_Gardiner cor._ "Whose style, _in all its course_, flows like a limpid stream, _through which_ we see to the very bottom."--_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Murray_. "We _admit various ellipses_." Or thus: "An _ellipsis_, or _omission_, of some words, is frequently admitted."--_Lennie's Gram._, p. 116. "The ellipsis, of _articles may occur_ thus."--_L. Murray cor._ "Sometimes the _article a_ is improperly applied to nouns of different numbers; as, 'A magnificent house and gardens.'"--_Id._ "In some very emphatical expressions, _no_ ellipsis should be _allowed_."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the adjective _may happen_ in the following manner."--_Id._ "The following _examples show that there may be an_ ellipsis of the p.r.o.noun."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the verb _occur_ in the following instances."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the adverb _may occur_ in the following manner."--_Id._ "The following _brief expressions are all of them elliptical_." [554]--_Id._ "If no emphasis be placed on any words, not only will discourse be rendered heavy and lifeless, but the meaning _will_ often _be left_ ambiguous."--_Id._; also _J. S. Hart and Dr. Blair cor._ "He regards his word, but thou dost not _regard thine_."--_Bullions, Murray, et al., cor._ "I have learned my task, but you have not _learned yours_."--_Iid._ "When the omission of a word would obscure the _sense_, weaken _the expression_, or be attended with impropriety, _no ellipsis_ must be _indulged_."--_Murray and Weld cor._ "And therefore the verb is correctly put in the singular number, and refers to _them all_ separately and individually considered."--_L. Murray cor._ "_He was to me the most intelligible_ of all who spoke on the subject."--_Id._ "I understood him better than _I did_ any other who spoke on the _subject_."--_Id._ "The roughness found on the entrance into the paths of virtue and learning _decreases_ as we advance." Or: "The _roughnesses encountered in_ the paths of virtue and learning _diminish_ as we advance."--_Id._ "_There is_ nothing _which more_ promotes knowledge, than _do_ steady application and _habitual_ observation."--_Id._ "Virtue confers _on man the highest_ dignity _of which he is capable; it_ should _therefore_ be _the chief object of_ his desire."--_Id. and Merchant cor._ "The supreme Author of our being has so formed _the human soul_, that nothing but himself can be its last, adequate, and proper happiness."--_Addison and Blair cor._ "The inhabitants of China laugh at the plantations of our Europeans: 'Because,'

_say they_, 'any one may place trees in equal rows and uniform figures.'"--_Iid._ "The divine laws are not _to be reversed_ by those of men."--_L. Murray cor._ "In both of these examples, the relative _which_ and the verb _was_ are understood."--_Id. et al. cor._ "The Greek and Latin languages, though for many reasons they cannot be called dialects of one _and the same tongue_, are nevertheless closely connected."--_Dr. Murray cor._ "To ascertain and settle _whether_ a white rose or a red breathes the sweetest fragrance." Or thus: "To ascertain and settle which _of the two_ breathes the _sweeter_ fragrance, a white rose or a red _one_."--_J. Q.

Adams cor._ "To which he can afford to devote _but little_ of his time and labour."--_Dr. Blair cor._

"Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such _As_ still are pleased too little or too much."--_Pope cor._

LESSON XI.--OF BAD PHRASES.

"He _might as well_ leave his vessel to the direction of the winds."--_South cor._ "Without good-nature and grat.i.tude, men _might as well_ live in a wilderness as in society."--_L'Estrange cor._ "And, for this reason, such lines _very seldom_ occur together."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "His _greatness_ did not make him _happy_."--_Crombie cor._ "Let that which tends to _cool_ your love, be judged in all."--_Crisp cor._ "It is _worth_ observing, that there is no pa.s.sion in the mind of man so weak but it mates and masters the fear of death."--_Bacon cor._ "Accent dignifies the syllable on which it is laid, and makes it more _audible_ than the rest."--_Sheridan and Murray cor._ "Before he proceeds to argue on _either_ side."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The _general_ change of manners, throughout Europe."--_Id._ "The sweetness and beauty of Virgil's numbers, _through all_ his works."--_Id._ "The French writers of sermons, study neatness and elegance in _the division of their discourses._"--_Id._ "This _seldom_ fails to prove a refrigerant to pa.s.sion."--_Id._ "_But_ their fathers, brothers, and uncles, cannot, as good relations and good citizens, _excuse themselves for_ not standing forth to demand vengeance."--_Murray's Sequel_, p. 114. "Alleging, that their _decrial_ of the church of Rome, was a _uniting_ with the Turks."--_Barclay cor._ "To which is added the Catechism _by the_ a.s.sembly of Divines."--_N. E. Prim. cor._ "This treachery was always present in _the thoughts of both of them_."-- _Robertson cor._ "Thus far their words agree." Or: "Thus far _the words of both_ agree."--_W. Walker cor._ "Aparithmesis is _an_ enumeration _of the_ several parts of what, _as a whole_, might be expressed in few words."--_Gould cor._ "Aparithmesis, or Enumeration, is _a figure in which_ what might be expressed in a few words, is branched out into several parts."--_Dr. Adam cor._ "Which may sit from time to time, where you dwell, or in the vicinity."--_J. O. Taylor cor._ "Place together a _large-sized animal and a small one_, of the same species." Or: "Place together a large and a small animal of the same species."--_Kames cor._ "The weight of the swimming body is equal to that of the quant.i.ty of fluid displaced by it."--_Percival cor._ "The Subjunctive mood, in all its tenses, is similar to the Optative."--_Gwilt cor._ "No feeling of obligation remains, except that of _an obligation to_ fidelity."--_Wayland cor._ "Who asked him _why_ whole audiences should be moved to tears at the representation of some story on the stage."--_Sheridan cor._ "_Are you not ashamed_ to affirm that the best works of the Spirit of Christ in his saints are as filthy rags?"--_Barclay cor._ "A neuter verb becomes active, when followed by a noun of _kindred_ signification."--_Sanborn cor._ "But he has judged better in _forbearing_ to repeat the article _the_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Many objects please us, _and are thought_ highly beautiful, which have _scarcely any_ variety at all."--_Id._ "Yet they sometimes follow them."--_Emmons cor._ "For I know of nothing more _important_ in the whole subject, than this doctrine of mood and tense."--_R. Johnson cor._ "It is by no means impossible for an _error_ to be _avoided_ or _suppressed_."--_Philol.

Museum cor._ "These are things of the highest importance to _children and youth_."--_Murray cor._ "He _ought to_ have omitted the word _many_." Or: "He _might_ better have omitted the word _many_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Which _might_ better have been separated." Or: "Which _ought rather to_ have been separated."--_Id._ "Figures and metaphors, therefore, should _never_ be _used_ profusely."--_Id. and Jam. cor._ "Metaphors, _or_ other figures, should _never_ be _used in_ too _great abundance_."--_Murray and Russell cor._ "Something like this has been _alleged against_ Tacitus."-- _Bolingbroke cor._

"O thou, whom all mankind in vain withstand, _Who with the blood of each_ must one day stain thy hand!"

--_Sheffield cor._

LESSON XII.--OF TWO ERRORS.

"p.r.o.nouns sometimes precede the _terms_ which they represent."--_L. Murray cor._ "Most prepositions originally _denoted relations_ of place."--_Lowth cor._ "WHICH is applied to _brute_ animals, and _to_ things without life."--_Bullions cor._ "What _thing_ do they describe, or _of what do they_ tell the kind?"--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Iron _cannons_, as well as bra.s.s, _are_ now universally cast solid."--_Jamieson cor._ "We have philosophers, _more_ eminent perhaps _than those of_ any _other_ nation."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "This is a question about words _only_, and _one_ which common sense easily determines."--_Id._ "The low pitch of the voice, is _that which_ approaches to a whisper."--_Id._ "Which, as to the effect, is just the same _as to use_ no such distinctions at all."--_Id._ "These two systems, therefore, _really_ differ from _each_ other _but_ very little."--_Id._ "It _is_ needless to give many instances, as _examples_ occur so often."--_Id._ "There are many occasions _on which_ this is neither requisite nor proper."--_Id._ "Dramatic poetry divides itself into two forms, comedy _and_ tragedy."--_Id._ "No man ever rhymed _with more exactness_ than he." [I.e., than Roscommon.]--_Editor of Waller cor._ "The Doctor did not reap from his poetical labours a _profit_ equal to _that_ of his prose."--_Johnson cor._ "We will follow that which we _find_ our fathers _practised_." Or: "We will follow that which we _find to have been_ our _fathers'_ practice."--_Sale cor._ "And I _should_ deeply regret _that I had_ published them."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Figures exhibit ideas _with more vividness and power_, than could be _given them_ by plain language."--_Kirkham cor._ "The allegory is finely drawn, _though_ the heads _are_ various."--_Spect. cor._ "I should not have thought it worthy _of this_ place." Or: "I should not have thought it worthy _of being placed_ here."--_Crombie cor._ "In this style, Tacitus excels all _other_ writers, ancient _or_ modern."--_Kames cor._ "No _other_ author, ancient or modern, possesses the art of dialogue _so completely as_ Shakspeare."-- _Id._ "The names of _all the things_ we see, hear, smell, taste, _or_ feel, are nouns."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Of_ what number are _the expressions_, 'these boys,' 'these pictures,' &c.?"--_Id._ "This sentence _has faults_ somewhat _like those_ of the last."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Besides perspicuity, he pursues propriety, purity, and precision, in his language; which _qualities form_ one degree, and no inconsiderable one, of beauty."--_Id._ "Many critical terms have unfortunately been employed in a sense too loose and vague; none _with less precision_, than _the word_ sublime."--_Id._ "Hence no word in the language is used _with_ a more vague signification, than _the word_ beauty."--_Id._ "But still, _in speech_, he made use of general terms _only_."--_Id._ "These give life, body, and colouring, to the _facts recited_; and enable us to _conceive of_ them as present, and pa.s.sing before our eyes."--_Id._ "Which carried an ideal chivalry to a still more extravagant height, than _the adventurous spirit of knighthood_ had _ever attained_ in fact."--_Id._ "We write much more supinely, and _with far less labour_, than _did_ the ancients."--_Id._ "This appears indeed to form the characteristical difference between the ancient poets, orators, and historians, _and_ the modern."--_Id._ "To violate this rule, as the English too often _do, shows_ great incorrectness."--_Id._ "It is impossible, by means of any _training_, to _prevent them from_ appearing stiff and forced."--_Id. "And it also gives to_ the speaker the disagreeable _semblance_ of one who endeavours to compel a.s.sent."--_Id._ "And _whenever_ a light or ludicrous anecdote is proper to be recorded, it is generally better to throw it into a note, than to _run the_ hazard _of_ becoming too familiar."--_Id. "It is_ the great business of this life, to prepare and qualify _ourselves_ for the enjoyment of a better."--_L. Murray cor. "From_ some dictionaries, accordingly, it was omitted; and in others _it is_ stigmatized as a barbarism."--_Crombie cor._ "You cannot see a thing, or think of _one, the name of which is not_ a noun."--_Mack cor.

"All_ the fleet _have_ arrived, and _are_ moored in safety." Or better: "The _whole_ fleet _has_ arrived, and _is_ moored in safety."--_L. Murray cor._

LESSON XIII.--OF TWO ERRORS.

"They have _severally_ their distinct and exactly-limited _relations_ to gravity."--_Hasler cor._ "But _where the additional s_ would give too much of the hissing sound, the omission takes place even in prose."--_L. Murray cor._ "After _o_, it [the _w_] is sometimes not sounded at all; _and_ sometimes _it is sounded_ like a single _u_."--_Lowth cor._ "It is situation chiefly, _that_ decides the _fortunes_ and characters of men."--_Hume cor._; also _Murray_. "The vice of covetousness is _that_ [vice] _which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul than any other."--_Murray et al. cor. "Of all vices_, covetousness enters the _most deeply_ into the soul."--_Iid._ "_Of all the vices_, covetousness is _that which_ enters the _most deeply_ into the soul."--_Campbell cor._ "The vice of covetousness is _a fault which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul _than_ any other."--_Guardian cor._ "WOULD primarily denotes inclination of will; and SHOULD, obligation: but _they_ vary their import, and are often used to express simple _events_." Or:--"but _both of them_ vary their import," &c.