The Grammar of English Grammars Part 212

[Fist][The following questions call the attention of the student to the main doctrines in the foregoing code of Prosody, and embrace or demand those facts which it is most important for him to fix in his memory; they may, therefore, serve not only to aid the teacher in the process of examining his cla.s.ses, but also to direct the learner in his manner of preparation for recital.]

LESSON I.--OF PUNCTUATION.

1. Of what does Prosody treat? 2. What is _Punctuation?_ 3. What are the princ.i.p.al points, or marks? 4. What pauses are denoted by the first four points? 5. What pauses are required by the other four? 6. What is the general use of the Comma? 7. How many rules for the Comma are there, and what are their heads? 8. What says Rule 1st of _Simple Sentences?_ 9. What says Rule 2d of _Simple Members?_ 10. What says Rule 3d of _More than Two Words?_ 11. What says Rule 4th of _Only Two Words?_ 12. What says Rule 5th of _Words in Pairs?_ 13. What says Rule 6th of _Words put Absolute?_ 14.

What says Rule 7th of _Words in Apposition?_ 15. What says Rule 8th of _Adjectives?_ 16. What says Rule 9th of _Finite Verbs?_ 17. What says Rule 10th of _Infinitives?_ 18. What says Rule 11th of _Participles?_ 19. What says Rule 12th of _Adverbs?_ 20. What says Rule 13th of _Conjunctions?_ 21.

What says Rule 14th of _Prepositions?_ 22. What says Rule 15th of _Interjections?_ 23. What says Rule 16th of _Words Repeated?_ 24. What says Rule 17th of _Dependent Quotations?_

LESSON II.--OF THE COMMA.

1. How many exceptions, or forms of exception, are there to Rule 1st for the comma? 2.--to Rule 2d? 3.--to Rule 3d? 4.--to Rule 4th? 5.--to Rule 5th? 6.--to Rule 6th? 7.--to Rule 7th? 8.--to Rule 8th? 9.--to Rule 9th?

10.--to Rule 10th? 11.--to Rule 11th? 12.--to Rule 12th? 13.--to Rule 13th?

14.--to Rule 14th? 15.--to Rule 15th? 16.--to Rule 16th? 17.--to Rule 17th?

18. What says the Exception to Rule 1st of a _Long Simple Sentence?_ 19.

What says Exception 1st to Rule 2d of _Restrictive Relatives?_ 20. What says Exception 2d to Rule 2d of _Short Terms closely Connected?_ 21. What says Exception 3d to Rule 2d of _Elliptical Members United?_ 22. What says Exception 1st to Rule 4th of _Two Words with Adjuncts?_ 23. What says Exception 2d to Rule 4th of _Two Terms Contrasted?_ 24. What says Exception 3d to Rule 4th of a mere _Alternative of Words?_ 25. What says Exception 4th to Rule 4th of _Conjunctions Understood?_

LESSON III.--OF THE COMMA.

1. What rule speaks of the separation of _Words in Apposition?_ 2. What says Exception 1st to Rule 7th of _Complex Names?_ 3. What says Exception 2d to Rule 7th of _Close Apposition?_ 4. What says Exception 3d to Rule 7th of _a p.r.o.noun without a Pause?_ 5. What says Exception 4th to Rule 7th of _Names Acquired?_ 6. What says the Exception to Rule 8th of _Adjectives Restrictive?_ 7. What is the rule which speaks of a finite _Verb Understood?_ 8. What says the Exception to Rule 9th of a _Very Slight Pause?_ 9. What is the Rule for the pointing of _Participles?_ 10. What says the Exception to Rule 11th of _Participles Restrictive?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Comma in Section First.]

LESSON IV.--OF THE SEMICOLON.

1. What is the general use of the Semicolon? 2. How many rules are there for the Semicolon? 3. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Complex Members?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Simple Members?_ 6. What says Rule 3d of _Apposition, &c.?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Semicolon in Section Second.]

LESSON V.--OF THE COLON.

1. What is the general use of the Colon? 2. How many rules are there for the Colon? 3. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Additional Remarks?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Greater Pauses?_ 6. What says Rule 3d of _Independent Quotations?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Colon in Section Third.]

LESSON VI.--OF THE PERIOD.

1. What is the general use of the Period? 2. How many rules are there for the Period? 3. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Distinct Sentences?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Allied Sentences?_ 6. What says Rule 3d of _Abbreviations?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Period in Section Fourth.]

LESSON VII.--OF THE DASH.

1. What is the general use of the Dash? 2. How many rules are there for the Dash? 3. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Abrupt Pauses?_ 5.

What says Rule 2d of _Emphatic Pauses?_ 6. What says Rule 3d of _Faulty Dashes?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Dash in Section Fifth.]

LESSON VIII.--OF THE EROTEME.

1. What is the use of the Eroteme, or Note of Interrogation? 2. How many rules are there for this mark? 3. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Questions Direct?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Questions United?_ 6.

What says Rule 3d of _Questions Indirect?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Eroteme in Section Sixth.]

LESSON IX--OF THE ECPHONEME.

1. What is the use of the Ecphoneme, or Note of Exclamation? 2. How many rules are there for this mark? 2. What are their heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _Interjections?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Invocations?_ 6. What says Rule 3d of _Exclamatory Questions?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Ecphoneme in Section Seventh.]

LESSON X.--OF THE CURVES.

1. What is the use of the Curves, or Marks of Parenthesis? 2. How many rules are there for the Curves? 3. What are their t.i.tles, or heads? 4. What says Rule 1st of _the Parenthesis?_ 5. What says Rule 2d of _Included Points?_

[Now, if you please, you may correct orally, according to the formules given, some or all of the various examples of _False Punctuation_, which are arranged under the rules for the Curves in Section Eighth.]

LESSON XI.--OF THE OTHER MARKS.

1. What is the use of the Apostrophe? 2. What is the use of the Hyphen? 3.

What is the use of the Diaeresis, or Dialysis? 4. What is the use of the Acute Accent? 5. What is the use of the Grave Accent? 6. What is the use of the Circ.u.mflex? 7. What is the use of the Breve, or Stenotone? 8. What is the use of the Macron, or Macrotone? 9. What is the use of the Ellipsis, or Suppression? 10. What is the use of the Caret? 11. What is the use of the Brace? 12. What is the use of the Section? 13. What is the use of the Paragraph? 14. What is the use of the Guillemets, or Quotation Points? 15.

How do we mark a quotation within a quotation? 16. What is the use of the Crotchets, or Brackets? 17. What is the use of the Index, or Hand? 18. What are the six Marks of Reference in their usual order? 19. How can references be otherwise made? 20. What is the use of the Asterism, or the Three Stars? 21. What is the use of the Cedilla?

[Having correctly answered the foregoing questions, the pupil should be taught to apply the principles of punctuation; and, for this purpose, he may be required to read a portion of some accurately pointed book, or may be directed to turn to the _Fourteenth Praxis_, beginning on p. 821,--and to a.s.sign a reason for every mark he finds.]

LESSON XII.--OF UTTERANCE.

1. What is _Utterance?_ 2. What does it include? 3. What is articulation?

4. How does articulation differ from p.r.o.nunciation? 5. How does Comstock define it? 6. What, in his view, is a good articulation? 7. How does Bolles define articulation? 8. Is a good articulation important? 9. What are the faults opposite to it? 10. What says Sheridan, of a good articulation? 11.

Upon what does distinctness depend? 13. Why is just articulation better than mere loudness? 13. Do we learn to articulate in learning to speak or read?

LESSON XIII.--OF p.r.o.nUNCIATION.

1. What is p.r.o.nunciation? 2. What is it that is called _Orthoepy?_ 3. What knowledge does p.r.o.nunciation require? 4. What are the just powers of the letters? 5. How are these learned? 6. Are the just powers of the letters in any degree variable? 7. What is quant.i.ty? 8. Are all long syllables equally long, and all short ones equally short? 9. What has stress of voice to do with quant.i.ty? 10. What is accent? 11. Is every word accented? 12. Do we ever lay two equal accents on one word? 13. Have we more than one sort of accent? 14. Can any word have the secondary accent, and not the primary?

15. Can monosyllables have either? 16. What regulates accent? 17. What four things distinguish the elegant speaker?