The Dyeing of Woollen Fabrics Part 17

_Dark Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 2 lb. Serge Blue, 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil (p. 153) for one hour. This is a very common way of dyeing blues on serges, cashmeres and worsted goods. In place of serge blue, what are known as Blackley blues, or Dewsbury blues, may be employed. These have a similar composition, but vary a little in the tint of blue they give.

_Navy Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 2 lb. Induline A, 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil for one hour.

The Indulines are very useful colouring matters for dyeing navy or dark blues on wool. They have the defect of being liable to give uneven shades. This may be remedied by omitting the acid when first making up the bath, entering the wool, working for half an hour to thoroughly impregnate the material with the dye-liquor, then adding the acid, and continuing the working for another half-hour. Or the wool may be treated to a weak chlorine bath before it is dyed, by first pa.s.sing it through a weak hydrochloric acid bath and then through a bath of bleaching powder. By using acetic acid in place of sulphuric acid more even shades are obtained.

_Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 1 lb. Acid Blue 1 V, 9 oz. Acid Violet 1 V, 10 lb. Glauber's salt and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil for one hour.

_Blue Black_.--For this the dye-bath is made with 8 lb. Acid Blue 1 V, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil for one hour.

_Deep Navy Blue_.--A very good shade is dyed with 5 lb. Acid Blue 1 V, 3 lb. Acid violet 1 V, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil for one hour.

_Deep Navy_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 1 lb. Fast acid Magenta B, 3 lb.

Wool Blue B X, 4-3/4 oz. Orange I I, 5 lb. sulphuric acid, and 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, working at the boil for one hour.

The Patent Blues work exceedingly well on wool, giving good bright shades of a fair degree of fastness. The following recipes will (p. 154) give some idea of the nature of the shades which may be obtained from them, while later on their use in combination with other dyes for the production of compound shades will be shown.

_Bright Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 2 lb. Patent Blue N, or Patent Blue superior, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil for one hour.

_Bright Greenish Blue_.--Use 2 lb. Patent Blue V, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid.

_Royal Blue_.--Use 2 lb. Patent Blue B, or 2 lb. Patent Blue J (No.

3), 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid. Patent Blue J (No. 3) gives slightly more violet shades than Patent Blue N, but there is not much difference between them.

_Saxony Blue_.--Use 2 lb. Patent Blue J (No. 00), 2 lb. sulphuric acid, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt. Patent Blue J (No. 00) dyes shades very closely resembling those dyed with indigo extract, and where the latter is used in the dyeing of compound shades the former might be subst.i.tuted.

_Brilliant Royal Blue_.--Prepare a bath with 1-1/2 lb. New Victoria Blue B, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt. Enter at about 100 F., then raise to the boil and work for one hour. This gives a very brilliant shade of blue of a violet tone.

_Sky Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 1-1/2 oz. New Victoria Blue B and 2 lb. Glauber's salt, working in the manner described in the last recipe.

_Dark Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 1-1/2 oz. Acid Violet 5 B, and 1-1/2 lb. Fast Green Bluish, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb.

sulphuric acid, working at the boil to shade; then lift, wash and dry.

_Deep Blue_.--Make a dye-bath with 4 lb. Chromotrop 6 B, 10 lb.

Glauber's salt, and 4 lb. acetic acid. Work for one hour at the boil; then lift, add 2 lb. bichromate of potash and 3 lb. acetic acid, re-enter the goods and work for one hour longer; lift, wash and dry.

The blues produced from the Chromotrops according to the last (p. 155) recipe are full, solid-looking shades, and have a great degree of fastness to milling and light. Some other examples showing the production of blue shades from the Chromotrops will be given later on.

_Violet Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 2 lb. Victoria Violet 8 B S, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil to shade; then lift, wash and dry.

_Deep Blue_.--A fine deep blue is dyed on wool from a bath containing 6 lb. Victoria Violet 8 B S, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 2 lb.

sulphuric acid, working at the boil to shade.

_Deep Sky Blue_.--A fine shade is dyed in a bath containing 4 oz.

Cyanole extra, 10 lb. Glauber's salt and 2 lb. acetic acid.

_Electric Blue_.--Make the dye-bath with 4 oz. Cyanole extra, 1 oz.

Acid Green extra, and 10 lb. bisulphate of soda.

_Bright Blue_.--A very fine shade of blue can be dyed in a bath containing 3 lb. Cyanole extra and 10 lb. bisulphate of soda.

_Dark Navy Blue_.--Prepare the dye-bath with 4 lb. Cyanole extra, 9 oz. Archil Subst.i.tute N, and 10 lb. bisulphate of soda.

_Dark Navy_.--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Black Blue O, 1-3/4 oz.

Formyl Violet S 4 B, 4 oz. Patent Blue V, 25 lb. Glauber's salt, and 4 lb. bisulphate of soda, adding 1 lb. sulphuric acid when the dyeing is about half done.

The navy blues given in the last few recipes possess the merit of considerable resistance to light, air and milling.

_Pale Blue_.--Make the dye-bath with 1/2 oz. Chromotrop 2 R, 4 oz.

Cyanine B, 7-1/2 oz. Fast Acid Blue R, 1/2 oz. Azo Yellow, 10 lb.

acetic acid, and 15 lb. Glauber's salt.

_Peac.o.c.k Blue_.--A fine shade is dyed with 14 oz. Cyanine B, 1-1/2 lb.

Fast Acid Blue R, 2 oz. Azo Yellow, 10 lb. acetic acid, and 15 lb.

Glauber's salt.

_Dark Invisible Blue_.--Make the dye-bath with 2 lb. Victoria (p. 156) Black Blue, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 3 lb. sulphuric acid.

_Bright Blue_.--A very fine shade of blue, not, however, fast to light, is dyed from a bath containing 1/2 lb. Victoria Blue B, and 10 lb. Glauber's salt.

_Bright Electric Blue_.--Prepare a dye-bath with 3/4 lb. Glacier Blue, 10 lb. Glauber's salt and 3 lb. sulphuric acid, working at the boil.

This gives a very bright green shade of blue.

_Dark Peac.o.c.k Blue_.--Make the dye-bath with 1 lb. Naphthol Blue Black, 10 lb. Glauber's salt, and 3 lb. sulphuric acid.

Peri Wool Blues B & G dye wool in very fast dark blue shades from baths of Glauber's salt and acetic acid. They are dye-stuffs which form with copper blue colour lakes of some fastness. The copper is amalgamated with the dye-stuffs as put on the market.

_Pale Navy Blue_.--Mordant, 4 lb. bichromate of potash and 1-1/2 lb.

oxalic acid. Dye, 2-1/2 lb. Alizarine Bordeaux B.

_Navy Blue_.--Mordant, 4 lb. bichromate of potash and 2 lb. oxalic acid. Dye, 7 lb. Alizarine Bordeaux G.

_Bright Violet Blue_.--Mordant, 3 lb. fluoride of chrome and 2 lb.

oxalic acid. Dye, 3/4 lb. Celestine Blue B.

_Navy Blue_.--A reddish shade of navy blue is dyed by mordanting with 3 lb. fluoride of chrome and 2 lb. oxalic acid, and dyeing with 3 lb.

Celestine Blue B and 3/4 lb. Diamond Black.

The Alizarine Cyanines are excellent dye-stuffs for giving dark blue and navy blue shades on wool. They dye fairly easily, and uniform shades are readily obtained, while they possess some considerable penetrative power, so that they are well adapted for dyeing heavy piece goods. The following recipes show their use and indicate the character of the shades the various brands yield. It may be added (p. 157) that the shades are fast to light and milling.

_Red Navy Blue_.--Mordant, 4 lb. bichromate of potash, 2 lb. tartar, and 1-1/2 oz. sulphuric acid. Dye, 6 lb. Alizarine Cyanine R R R double. By using a mordant of 4 lb. fluoride of chrome and 2 lb.

oxalic acid the shade is made brighter and not so red in tone.

_Dark Blue_.--A red shade of blue almost approaching a navy is obtained by mordanting with bichromate of potash, as in the last recipe, and dyeing with 12 lb. Alizarine Cyanine R R, or with 13 lb.

Alizarine Cyanine R. The shade with the latter dye-stuff is scarcely so red as with the former.

_Dark Blue_.--Mordant with 4 lb. fluoride of chrome and 2 lb. oxalic acid and dye with 13 lb. Alizarine Cyanine R.