The Butterfly Book Part 32

The species ranges from Vancouver's Island southward on the Pacific coast and eastward into Nevada.

(2) =Coenonympha elko=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 25, ?, _under side_; Fig. 26, ? (The Elko Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Yellow on both sides of the wings, the lower side paler than the upper, and the basal area lightly clouded with fuscous.

_Early Stages._--Undescribed.

This species is found in Nevada and Washington.

(3) =Coenonympha inornata=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 13, ?, _under side_; Fig. 29, ? (The Plain Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--The wings on the upper side are ochreous-brown, lighter on the disk. The costal margin of the fore wings and the outer margin of both fore and hind wings are gray. The ocellus at the apex of the fore wings on the under side is faintly visible on the upper side. On the under side the fore wings are colored as on the upper side as far as the termination of the discal area, which is marked by a narrow transverse band of pale yellow, followed by a conspicuous ocellus. The hind wings are gray, darkest toward the base, behind the irregular whitish transverse band which crosses the outer portion of the disk.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

The species occurs in Montana, Minnesota, British America, and Newfoundland. Newfoundland specimens, of which I possess a large series, are distinctly darker in color than those taken in the Northwest. Some recent writers are inclined to regard this as a variety of the European _C. typhon_. I am persuaded that they are mistaken.

(4) =Coenonympha ochracea=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 11, ?; Fig. 12, ?, _under side_ (The Ochre Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Glossy ochreous, yellow above, with no markings but those which show through from below. On the under side the wings are marked precisely as in the preceding species, except that there are two or three small rays on the secondaries near the base, one on the cell and one on either side of it, of the same tint as the discal transverse band, and in some specimens there is a series of incomplete marginal ocelli on the hind wings.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

_Ochracea_ ranges from British Columbia to Arizona, as far east as Kansas.

(5) =Coenonympha ampelos=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 21, ?, _under side_; Fig. 30, ? (The Ringless Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Distinguished from its allies by the total absence of ocelli on both wings, above and below. Otherwise the species is very near _ochracea_.

_Early Stages._--These have been described with minute accuracy by Edwards in the "Canadian Entomologist," vol. xix, p. 41.

_Ampelos_ occurs from Nevada and Montana westward to Vancouver's Island.

(6) =Coenonympha kodiak=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 22, ? (The Alaskan Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Much darker both on the upper and under sides than _C.

california_, which in many other respects it resembles. The figure in the plate is that of the type. It is as yet rare in collections.

_Early Stages._--Nothing is known of these. It is found in Alaska.

(7) =Coenonympha pamphiloides=, Reakirt, Plate XXV, Fig. 27, ?, _under side_; Fig. 31, ? (The Utah Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Rather larger than the other species of the genus found in North America. Easily distinguished by the marginal row of ocelli on the secondaries, which are always present, though often "blind," that is to say, without a distinct dark pupil. The author of the species named it from a supposed likeness to the European _C. pamphilus_. The resemblance is only superficial. _C. pamphilus_ is a much smaller insect and much more plainly marked, judging from the large series of specimens I have received from various European localities. _Pamphilus_ has no eye-spots on the hind wings. They are a conspicuous feature of _pamphiloides_, more so than in any other North American species except _C. haydeni_.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

Habitat, Utah and California.

(8) =Coenonympha haydeni=, Plate XXV, Fig. 24, ?, _under side_ (Hayden's Ringlet).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Dark immaculate mouse-gray on the upper side. On the under side the wings are pale h.o.a.ry gray, with the hind wings adorned by a marginal series of small ocelli, black, ringed about with yellow and pupiled with pale blue.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

Hayden's Ringlet is found in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado.

Genus EREBIA, Dalman

(The Alpines)

"Then we gather, as we travel, Bits of moss and dirty gravel, And we chip off little specimens of stone; And we carry home as prizes Funny bugs of handy sizes, Just to give the day a scientific tone."

CHARLES EDWARD CARRYL.

_b.u.t.terfly._--Medium-sized or small b.u.t.terflies, dark in color, wings marked on the under side with eye-like spots; the antennae short, with a gradually thickened club. The eyes are naked. The costal vein of the fore wing is generally strongly swollen at the base. The subcostal vein is five-branched; the first two nervules generally emitted before the end of the cell; the third nearer the fourth than the end of the cell; the fourth and fifth nervules spring from a common stem, the fourth terminating immediately on the apex. The lower radial is frequently projected inwardly into the cell from the point where it intersects the union of the middle and lower discocellular veins. The outer margins of both wings are evenly rounded.

[Ill.u.s.tration FIG. 118.--Neuration of the genus _Erebia_, enlarged.]

_Egg._--Subconical, flattened at the base and at the top, the sides marked by numerous raised vertical ridges, which occasionally branch or intersect each other.

_Caterpillar._--The head is globular, the body cylindrical, tapering gradually backward from the head, the last segment slightly bifurcate.

_Chrysalis._--The chrysalis is formed about the roots of gra.s.s and on the surface of the ground, either lying loosely there or surrounded by a few strands of silk. The chrysalis is convex, both ventrally and dorsally, humped on the thorax, produced at the head; all the projections well rounded. The chrysalids are generally some shade of light brown or ashen-gray, with darker stripes and spots. This genus is arctic, and only found in the cooler regions of the North or upon elevated mountain summits. A few species range downward to lower levels in more temperate climates, but these are exceptional cases.

(1) =Erebia discoidalis=, Kirby, Plate XXV, Fig. 19, ? (The Red-streaked Alpine).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Easily distinguished by the plain black wings, relieved by a reddish-brown shade on the disk of the primaries on the upper side.

_Early Stages._--Hitherto undescribed.

This species is found in the far North. My specimens came from the sh.o.r.es of Hudson Bay.

(2) =Erebia disa=, var. =mancinus=, Doubleday and Hewitson, Plate XXV, Fig.

23, ? (The Alaskan Alpine).

_b.u.t.terfly._--The wings are dark brown on the upper side. On the outer third below the apex are three or four black ocelli, broadly ringed with red and pupiled with white. The upper ocellus is generally bipupiled, that is to say, the black spot is twinned, and there are two small light spots in it. On the under side the fore wings are as on the upper side.

The hind wings are broadly sown with gray scales, giving them a h.o.a.ry appearance. The base is more or less gray, and there is a broad, regularly curved mesial band of dark gray, which in some specimens is very distinct, in others more or less obsolete. The female does not differ from the male, except that the ocelli on the fore wings are larger and more conspicuous.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

This species is found in Alaska and on the mountains of British Columbia.

(3) =Erebia callias=, Edwards, Plate XXV, Fig. 20, ? (The Colorado Alpine).

_b.u.t.terfly._--Pale brown on the upper side, with a more or less indistinctly defined broad transverse band of reddish on the outer third of the fore wings. At the apical end of this band are two black ocelli, pupiled with white. The fore wings on the under side are reddish, with the costa and outer margin grayish. The ocelli on this side are as on the upper side. The hind wings are gray, dusted with brown scales and crossed by narrow, irregular, dark-brown subbasal, median, and submarginal lines.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.