Surnames as a Science Part 21

_Diminutive._

A.S. Cerdic, king of Wess.e.x. Also Ceardic, found in Ceardices beorh.

_Compound._

(_Har_, warrior), Frnk. Charterius--Eng. Charter.

In the next group, _child_ for _hild_, war, the Anglo-Saxon names seem rather uncertain, and though the Franks had many names from it, I only find one to compare in that form.

_Child_ for _hild_, war.

A.S. Cild, found in Cildeswic--Cilta found in Ciltanc.u.mb, now Chilcomb in Hants--Frnk. Childi, Cheldio, Chillo--Eng. Child, Chill.

_Compounds._

(_Hari_, warrior), O.G. Hilder--Eng. Childar. (_Man_, vir), O.G.

Hildman--Childman, _Hund_. _Rolls_--Eng. Chillman, French, Chilman.

(_Mod_, courage), O.G. Hildemod--Eng. Chillmaid. (_Ran_, raven), Frnk.

Childerannus--Eng. Children.

We have a number of other names beginning with _ch_, which might with more or less certainty be brought in here, as Chaine comparing with an A.S. Chen, found in Chenestun, and with a Frankish Chaino for Chagno (Hagen-spinosus). Also Chubb and Choppin comparing with the Ceopingas (Chopingas) in Kemble's list. He has also Hoppingas and Upingas, different forms I take it, of the same name, and upon these might be formed by the prefix in question, the form Ceopingas. Compare also the present French names, Choupe, Chopin, Chopard.

CLAUDE, CLOADE, CLODD, CLOUD, CLOUT, CLUCAS, CLOUDMAN, CLOUTMAN, CLOTHIER. CROAD, CROWD, CROWDY, CRUTE, CROTTY, CRUDEN, CROWDER, CROGER.

CROKE, CROCK, CROOKE, CROTCH, CRUTCH, CROKER. CREED, CREEDY, CRIDDLE.

Another peculiarity of the Frankish dialect was the change of _hl_ at the beginning of a name into _cl_ or _chl_, and _hr_ into _cr_ or _chr_. Hence the names of the Frankish kings Clothar, Chlodomir, and Clodowich, for Hlothar, Hlodomir, and Hlodowich. Of this form there appear to be considerable traces in Anglo-Saxon times; there are three names in Kemble's list of early settlers which may find a place here, the Crangas, the Cramlingas, and the Crucgingas. The name Crangas, as it stands, is difficult to deal with, and I should suppose it to be properly either Cringas or Craningas--in the former case from _hring_, circle, perhaps in the sense of shield--in the latter from _chrann_, as a Frankish form of _raban_ or raven, Cf. Chrannus in the genealogy of the Merovingian kings. Cramlingas again compares with a Frankish name Chramlin from the same stem, while Crucgingas seems to be a Frankish form of Rucingas, also on Kemble's list.

The first group of names, Claude, Cloud, &c., are referred to O.H.G.

_laut_, loud, in the supposed sense of famous.

_Clod_ for _hlod_, fame.

A.S. Clodd (found in Cloddes heal), Clott (found in Clottismor), Clud (found in Cludesleah)[48]--Frnk. Chlodio, Cludio, 5th cent.--Eng.

Claude, Cloade, Clodd, Cloud, Clout.

_Compounds._

(_Gis_ or _kis_, hostage), O.G. Hludokis--Eng. Clukas (for Cludkis?).

(_Hari_, warrior), Frnk. Clothar, Chluthar--Eng. Clothier, Clutter.

(_Man_, vir), Eng. Cloudman, Cloutman (for which no ancient equivalents as yet turn up.)

The next group, Croad, Crowd, &c., may be referred to _hrod_, glory, the stem from which are formed Robert, Roland, Roger, &c.

_Crod_ for _hrod_.

A.S. Cruda, found in Crudan sceat--Frnk. Chrodo, Crodio--Eng. Croad, Crowd, Crowdy, Croot, Crout.

Ending in _en_, p. 27.

Frnk. Chrodin--Eng. Cruden.

_Compounds._

(_Har_, warrior), Frnk. Chrodohar--Eng. Crowder. (_Gar_, spear), Frnk.

Crodeger--Eng. Croger (=Roger). (_Mar_, famous), A.S. Cruddemor, found in Cruddemores lacu--Frnk. Chrodmar--Eng. Cromar.

The next group, Croke, Crock, &c., are from a stem _hroc_, the root-meaning of which seems to be the same as Eng. _croak_, and the idea of which, as in some other stems (see _im_ in voce Emma), may probably be that of strength, fierceness, or huge stature, derived from a harsh and gruff voice. Cf. O.N. _hrokr_, vir fortis et grandis.

_Crock_ for _hroc_.

A.S. Crucga, found in Crucgingas; Croch, found in Crochestun, now Croxton in Norf.--Frnk. Crocus, Cruccus--Eng. Croke, Crock, Crooke, Crotch, Crutch.

_Compounds._

(_Her, heri_, warrior), O.G. Roacheri--Eng. Croker, Crocker. Eng.

Crockett might represent a Frankish Crochad or Crochat (_had_, war), not turned up.

Perhaps from a similar origin may be the name of Crida or Creoda, king of Mercia, as representing a stem, _hrad_, or _hred_ (O.H.G. _hradi_, celer), whence probably the Hraeda in the Traveller's Song. Kemble has two tribe-names, Creotingas and Cridlingas (the latter, derived from a place in Yorkshire, being perhaps doubtful so far as regards the tribe, though a man's name all the same).

_Crad_ for _hrad_.

A.S. Creoda, found in Creodan ac, Creodan hyl, Creodan treow--Cridda, found in Criddan wyl--Cridd, found in Criddes ho--Creota, found in Creotingas--Cretta, _lib. vit._--Eng. Creed, Creedy.

Ending in _el_.

A.S. Cridel, found in Cridlingas--Eng. Criddle.

Perhaps the most characteristic peculiarity of the Frankish dialect is the prefix of _g_, or its sharper form _c_, before names beginning with _w_.[49] Hence it is that the French have such a word as guerre (=gwerre) which is _g_ prefixed to a German _wer_ or _war_. And such names as Guillaume, Gualtier, and Guiscard, which are from _g_ prefixed to Wilhelm, Walter, and Wiscard (our Wishart). Hence, also, such a place-name as Quilleboeuf in Normandy, being, with a _c_ prefixed, the same, I take it, as an English Willaby (_boeuf_, as Mr. Taylor has shown, representing the Danish _by_). I have referred, p. 75, to the name Cwichelm for Wighelm or Wichelm as a strongly-marked Frankish form, but I cannot say that I find such forms generally prevalent in Anglo-Saxon times. Kemble has three tribe-names in this form, Cwaedringas, Cwaeringas, and Queningas. The Cwaedringas answer to the Waetringas, and the Wedringas, both also on Kemble's list, and both, I take it, different forms of the same name; the Cwaeringas to the Waeringas and the Werringas, also different forms of the same name; the Queningas to the Weningas or the Winingas. One or two of our names beginning with _gw_, as Gwilliams, Gwatkin, and perhaps Gwalter, are probably due to the Welsh, of which this prefix is also a characteristic. As representing the Frankish form, we have more names in the sharper form cw, which is represented by _q_. Under the present head comes the name of the highest lady in the land, _Guelph_ (further referred to in next chapter), being a Frankish form of Welf (O.H.G. _hwelf_; Eng. _whelp_).

The names _Welp_, _Whelps_, and _Guelpa_, appear in _Suff. Surn._, but whether English or not does not appear.

QUARE, QUARY, QUARRY, QUEAR, QUERY, QUARRIER, QUARMAN. QUIDDY, QUITMAN, QUITTACUS. QUIG, QUICK, QUY, QUIGGLE, GWYER, QUIER, QUIRE. GUILLE, GUILY, QUILL, QUILKE, GWILLAM, QUILLMAN, QUILLINAN. GUINEY, QUIN, QUEEN, QUEENEY, GUINAN, QUINAN, QUEENAN, QUINER. QUAIL, QUALEY, QUINT. QUAINT, QUANTOCK. GWILT, QUILT, QUILTY, QUILTER, QUAKER, QUASH.

The meaning of the stem _war_ is very uncertain; Foerstemann proposes five different words, without including O.H.G. _werra_, Eng. _war_, and it seems very probable that there may be a mixture of different words.

_Gwar, cwar_, for war.