Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch Part 5

AYND (end), _sb._ O.N. _andi_, breath, O. Sw. _ande_, Norse _ande_, Dan. _aande_.

AYNDING, _sb._ breathing, deriv. See _aynd_.

AYNDLESS, _adj._ breathless. Bruce, X, 609. See _aynd_.

BAIT, _vb._ to incite. Dunbar, 21127. O.N. _baeita_, O. Ic. _beita_.

See B-S.

BAITH, BATH (beth), _p.r.o.n._ both. M.E. _boe_, _bae_, Cu.

_beatth_, Eng. _both_, O.N. _bair_, O. Dan. _bae_.

Skeat.

BAITTENIN, _pr. p._ thriving. Jamieson. O.N. _batna_, Eng. _batten_.

See Skeat, and Kluge and Lutz.

BAITTLE (betl), _sb._ a pasture, a lea which has thick sward of gra.s.s. Jamieson, Dumfries. O.N. _baeita_, "to feed," _baeiti_, pasturage. Cp. Norse _fjellbaeite_, a mountain pasture.

BAN, _vb._ to swear, curse. Dunbar, 13, 47; Rolland, II, 680. O.N.

_banna_, to swear, to curse, _banna_, a curse, Norse _banna_, to swear, _banning_, swearing, W. Sw. dial. _baenn_ id., Dan.

_bande_, to swear, to wish one bad luck, O.S. _banna_ id.

M. Du. _bannen_ means to excommunicate. This is the L.G.

meaning. The Sco. usage is distinctly Scand. It is also a Northern word in Eng. diall. Cp. Shetland _to ban_, to swear.

BANG, _vb._ to beat. Sat. P. 39, 150. O.N. _banga_, O. Sw. _banka_, Norse, _banke_, to beat, to strike. Cp. Shetland _bonga_, in "open de door dat's a bonga," somebody is knocking, literally "it knocks" Norse _det banka_. _Bang_ is very frequently used in the sense of rushing off, cp. Dalrymple's translation of Leslie, I, 324, 7.

BANGSTER, _sb._ a wrangler. Sat. P. 44, 257. Evidently Norse _bang_ + Eng. suffix _ster_. See _bang_ vb. Cp. _camstarrie_, where the second syllable corresponds to that in Germ.

_halsstarrig_.

BARK, _vb._ to tan, to harden. Dunbar F. 202 and 239. Ramsay, I, 164, "barkit lether," tanned leather. O.N. _barka_, to tan, Norse _barka_, to tan, to harden, M.E. _barkin_. General Scand. both sb. and vb. In the sense "to tan" especially W. Scand., cp. Sw. _barka_, to take the bark off. O. Sw.

_barka_, however, has the meaning "to tan."

BARKNIT, _adj._ clotted, hardened. Douglas, II, 84, 15. pp. of vb.

_barken_, to tan. See above.

BASK, _adj._ dry, withering (of wind). Jamieson, Dumfries. Dan.

_barsk_, hard, cold, _en barsk Vinter_, a cold winter. Cp.

Sco. "a bask daw," a windy day. M.L.G. _barsch_ and _basch_ do not agree in meaning with the Sco. word; besides the _sk_ is Scand. For loss of _r_ before _sk_ cp. _hask_ from _harsk_.

BAUCH, BAWCH, BAUGH, _adj._ awkward, stiff, jaded, disconsolate, timid. Sat. P. 12, 58; Dunbar Twa. M.W. 143; Rolland, IV, 355; Johnnie Gibb, 127, 2. O.N. _bagr_, awkward, clownish, inexperienced, unskilful. _Bauchly_, poorly, in Ramsay, II, 397.

BAYT, _vb._ to feed, graze. Bruce, XIII, 589, 591; Lyndsay, 451, 1984. O.N. _baeit_, to feed, to graze, causative from _bita_, literally means to make to bite. Norse _bita_, to graze, Sw. _beta_, M.E. _beyten_. In many diall. in Norway the word means "to urge, to force." Cp. _bait_.

BECK, _sb._ a rivulet, a brook. Jamieson. O.N. _bekkr_, O. Sw.

_bakker_, Norse _bekk_, O. Dan. _baek_. Sw. _back_, a rivulet.

In place-names a test of Scand. settlements.

BEET, _vb._ to incite, inflame. Burns, 4, 8. Same as _bait_, incite, q.v. Cp. Cu. "to beet t'yubm, to supply sticks, etc. to the oven while heating" (d.i.c.kinson).

BIG, BEGG, _sb._ barley. Fergusson, II, 102; Jamieson, Dumfries.

O.N. _bygg_, Dan. _byg_. See Wall. Cp. Shetland _big_.

BEGRAVE, _vb._ to bury. Douglas, II, 41, 25; IV, 25, 22; IV, 17, 8.

Dan. _begrave_, Norse _begrava_, O. Sw. _begrava_, _begrafwa_, to bury. Possibly not a loanword.

BEIN, BENE, BEIN, _adj._ liberal, open-handed, also comfortable, pleasant. Douglas, III, 260, 23; Fergusson, 108; Sat. P. 12, 43. _Beine_, hearty, in Philotus, II, is probably the same word. O.N. _baeinn_.

BEIR, _vb._ to roar. Douglas, II, 187, 1. See _bir_, sb.

BIG, _vb._ to build, dwell, inhabit. Dunbar T.M.W. 338; Dalr., I, 26, 19; Sco. pro. 5. O.N. _byggia_. See Wall. Sco. "to big wi'

us," to live with us, cp. Norse _ny-byddja_, to colonize.

BIGGING, BYGINE, _sb._ a building. O.N. _bygging_, a building, habitation. Scand. diall. all have the form _bygning_, so O. Sw. _bygning_. The word may be an independent Sco.

formation just as _erding_, "burial," from _erde_, "to bury"; _layking_, "a tournament," from _layke_, "to sport"; _casting_, "a cast-off garment," from _cast_; _flytting_, "movable goods," from _flyt_, "to move"; _hailsing_, "a salute," from _hailse_; and Eng. _dwelling_, "a house,"

from vb. _dwell_. Cp. however Shetland _bogin_.

BING, _sb._ a heap, a pile. Dougla.s.s, II, 216, 8. O.N. _bingr_, a heap, O. Sw. _binge_. Norse _bing_ more frequently a heap or quant.i.ty of grain in an enclosed s.p.a.ce. O. Dan. _byng_, _bing_.

BIR, BIRR, BEIR, _sb._ clamor, noise, also rush. S.S. 38; Lyndsay, 538, 4280. O.N. _byrr_, a fair wind. O. Sw. _byr_. Cp. Cu.

_bur_ and Shetland "a pirr o' wind," a gust. Also p.r.o.nounced _bur_, _bor_.

BIRRING, _pr. p._ flapping (of wings). Mansie Wauch, 159, 33. See _bir_.

BLA, BLAE (ble), _adj._ blue, livid. Douglas, III, 130, 30; Irving, 468. O.N. _bla_, blue, Norse _blaa, blau_, Sw. _bl_, Dan. _blaa_. Not from O.E. _bleo_.

BLABBER, _vb._ to chatter, speak nonsense. Dunbar F., 112. O.N.

_blabbra_, lisp, speak indistinctly, Dan. _blabbre_ id., Dan.

dial. _blabre_, to talk of others more than is proper. M.E.

_blaber_, cp. Cu. _blab_, to tell a secret. American dial.

_blab_, to inform on one, to tattle. There is a Gael.

_blabaran_, sb. a stutterer, which is undoubtedly borrowed from the O.N. The meaning indicates that.

BLAIK, _vb._ to cleanse, to polish. Johnnie Gibb, 9, 6. O.N.

_blaeikja_, to bleach, O. Sw. _blekia_, Sw. dial. _bleika_. All these are causative verbs like the Sco. The inchoative corresponding to them is _blaeikna_ in O.N., N.N., _blekna_ in O. Sw., _blegne_ in Dan. See _blayknit_. Cp. Shetland _bleg_, sb. a white spot.

BLAYKNIT, _pp._ bleached. Douglas, III, 78, 15. O.N. _blaeikna_, to become pale, O. Sw. _blekna_, Norse _blaeikna_ id. O.N.

_blaeikr_, pale. Cp. Cu. _blake_, pale, and _bleakken_ with _i_-fracture. O.E. _blac, blaecan_.

BLECK, _vb._ put to shame. Johnnie Gibb, 59, 34, 256, 13. O.N.

_blekkja_, to impose upon, _blekkiliga_, delusively, _blekking_, delusion, fraud; a little doubtful.

BLETHER, BLEDDER, _vb._ to chatter, prate. O.N. _blara_, to talk indistinctly, _blar_, sb. nonsense. Norse _bladra_, to stammer, to prate, Sw. dial. _bladdra_, Dan. dial. _bladre_, to bleet. Cp. Norse _bladdra_, to act foolishly.

BLATHER, _sb._ nonsense. Burns 32, 2, 4 and 4, 2, 4. O.N. _blar_, nonsense. Probably the Sco. word used substantively.

BLOME, _sb._ blossom. Bruce, V, 10; Dunbar, I, 12. Same as Eng.

_bloom_ from O.N. _blomi_.

BLOME, _vb._ to flourish, successfully resist. Douglas, IV, 58, 25.