Rothstein_ The Life, Times, And Murder Of The Criminal Genius Part 28

186 "Rachael Brown.": Schenectady Union-Star, 5 October 1920, p. 8. In October 1920, a wire service reported that "Brown" had sailed for Europe. Considering "Brown" supposedly didn't exist, it was an unusually detailed account. It revealed "Brown's" partnership with Rothstein in New York and Saratoga, his operation of dice rooms at 28th Street and Broadway, and his former a.s.sociation with Bridgie Webber. It even claimed that "Brown" had been marked for death "for crooked deals" a month before Herman Rosenthal's death and had fled to Spain for safety. Most likely, the article described Nat Evans, providing us with our best description of this shadowy figure and revealing that Rothstein had ordered him, as well as Attell and Sullivan, out of the country. Brown, the story said, "was considered a 'piker' by the big gamblers. Because of this he decided that he would become a henchman of the big fellow rather than a gambler of small parts on his own. He with Joseph ('Curley') Bennett and Abe Attell 'steered' for Rothstein's gambling houses in the Tenderloin and at Saratoga and Long Island." The October 6, 1920 New York Times, however, reported that any story of "Brown" sailing to Europe was false-that he had been seen in the city since his alleged departure.

186-87"Q-Did Bennett ... with everything.": NY Times, 19 July 1921, p. 15, NY Times, July. 20, 1921, pp. 1,3, NY Times, 21 July 1921, pp. 1-9; NY Times, 22 July 1921, pp. 1-4; Asinof, pp. 179-80; Ginsburg, p. 136.

187 "William Burns, testifying ..." ... "A-Yes, sir.": NY Times, 24 July 1921, p. 5.

189 ". . . I talked ..." ... "... in New York ...": Asinof, p. 284.

189 "Ask ... tell you.": NY Times, 23 July 1921, p. 5.

189-90"None of ... "... "... the country.": NY Times, 26 July 1921, p. 17; Asinof, p. 292; Seymour, p. 328.

190 "I met him only twice": Chi. American, 25 July 1921, 25 July 1921, pp. 1-2; Chi. American, 26 July 1921, p. 1; Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 July 1921, p. 4. In Baseball: The Golden Age (p. 328), Harold Seymour contends that "behind the theft were William J. Fallon and Alfred Austrian."

190 "My name ... too far.": Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 July 1921, p. 4.

191 "It will ... from New York.": Chi. Herald-Examiner, 28 July 1921, p. 1; NY Times, 28 July 1921, p. 1; Ginsburg, p. 143. Zork and Joe Pesch continued fixing White Sox games during the 1920 season. In April 1921 St. Louis police arrested Nat Evans as a suspicious character. Was he in St. Louis to coordinate a defense with Zork and other defendants?

191 Attell's silence: Fallon not only worked on Attell's defense, he was also in contact with Boston attorney William J. Kelly regarding Sport Sullivan's defense. (NY Times, 5 October 1921, p. 1) (For more on Kelly see Chapter 17) 192 "Why was ... Arnold Rothstein?": NY Times, 2 August 1921, p. 24.

192 "The state ... throw games.": Ginsburg, pp. 143-44.

192 "whistling and cheering": NY Times, 3 August 1921, pp. 1, 3; Asinof, pp. 307-10.

192 "Not a ... Rothstein.": "Hy Gardner Calling" column, 29 September 1961. The 1919 World Series was not the last time A. R. surfaced in a baseball betting scandal. In 1923 Collyer's Eye, a Chicago racing weekly, insinuated that Rothstein may have been involved in bribing two Cincinnati players, Sammy Bohne (Cohen) and Pat Duncan. They sued Collyer's Eye for $50,000, settling out of court for an apology, $100, and court costs. (Ginsburg, pp. 182-83; Pietrusza, judge and jury, pp. 257-59)

Chapter 13: "The Chic Thing to Have Good Whiskey".

193 Crackdown on vice: Other Progressive Era legislation concerning moral issues had preceded Prohibition: the 1910 Mann Act, prohibiting the transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes; a 1912 ban on the interstate transportation of prizefight films (triggered largely by black champion Jack Johnson's regular pummeling of white challengers and upheld unanimously by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1915); and the 1914 Harrison Act regulating narcotics.

America went dry even before the Eighteenth Amendment. So-called "Wartime Prohibition," ostensibly enacted to conserve grain supplies, banned the manufacture of alcohol except for export. President Wilson did not sign it, however, until after the armistice; it did not go into effect until July 1, 1919.

193-94Mather: Fried, pp. 94-98; Katcher, pp. 232-33; Carey, p. 144.

195 Gordon: Fried, pp. 94-98; Katcher, pp. 232-33.

196 Lansky: On October 25, 1957 Anastasia was murdered while getting a haircut at the Park Central Hotel's barbershop. The murder was never solved, though many suspected "Crazy Joe" and Larry Gallo.

197 "Moustache Petes": Rothstein appreciated cooperation across ethnic lines. He took particular offense to Chicago gangster Big Jim Colosimo's remarks about up-and-coming mobster Johnny Torrio's willingness to do business with Jewish "sc.u.m." When New York gunman Frankie Yale a.s.sa.s.sinated Colosimo in May 1920, Rothstein, Lansky, and Siegel sent a huge wreath, sarcastically labeled: "From the sorrowing Jew boys of New York."

197 "We sat ... loyal to us."Eisenberg and Dan, p. 104; Lacey, p. 49.

199 "But first ... money is.": Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 82-84.

199 Bloom: Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 98-101. Like Rothstein, Solomon failed to live to see the end of Prohibition, murdered in January 1933 in the men's room of a Roxbury nightclub.

201 Diamond, Moran: Katcher, pp. 239-41; Walker, pp. 234-39; Levine, pp. 39-41; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

201 "how to ... broads.": Eisenberg and Dan, p. 83; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 95-97; Fried, pp. 118-19.

201 "He ... real smooth.": Gosch and Hammer, pp. 40-41; Rockaway, p. 9.

202-03 "Arnold gimme ... blue serge.": Feder and Joesten, pp. 57-59; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 52-59.

203 Collins: Rothstein, pp. 214-16; Clarke, pp. 261-62; Katcher, pp. 242-45.

204 Diamond: To Frank Costello, and his brother Eddie, Rothstein provided numerous loans-$9,000 to Eddie in 1925, $21,000 to Frank in 1928, and another $40,000 to Frank to purchase a brewery, a loan A. R. never collected. (Thomson and Raymond, p. 66) 205 Gordon, Madden: Katcher, p. 245; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

205-06Fay, Guinan: Katcher, pp. 246-67, 264; Thomson and Raymond, p. 66; Rothstein, p. 173; Walker, pp. 240-49; Sann, pp. 183-85; Kobler (Ardent Spirits), pp. 233, 262-63; Shirley, pa.s.sim.

207 "higher-ups" ... "... from the record.": NY Times, 26 July 1925, p. 1; NY Times, 27 July 1925, p. 14; Metz, pp. 148-52; Katcher, pp. 249-53; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 169-70; Leo Katcher implies that the Park View A.C. was a speakeasy; in fact, it fronted for gambling. He also incorrectly calls it the "Park City Club."

207-08 "Will You Love ..." ... "... big gambler.": NY Times, 9 August 1925, p. 20; NY Times, 16 August 1925, p. 7; NY Times, 21 August 1925, p. 2; NY Times, 28 August 1925, p. 3. Hylan also contended that "the Tammany designee for Mayor likes but two things: one of them is money, and plenty of it-the other I will not mention, because there are women present." He was right on both counts.

208 "Now that ... the street.": NY Times, 29 August 1925, p. 2.

208 "The Mayor ... nominating speech.": Walsh, p. 48; Carolyn Rothstein a.s.serted that Walker was "never a favorite" of her husband's, but related this incident. Arnold and Sidney Stajer were attending a testimonial for Judge of the General Sessions Max S. Levine, at which Walker was speaking. "Sid and I just stood at the back of the hall," A. R. told her."The Mayor was just coming down from the speaker's platform to go to the men's room. His eyes happened to catch mine, and he turned and came right across the hall in front of everybody there and shook hands. We had a pleasant, and rather lengthy chat before he went away. I call that pretty fine of Jimmy. A lot of them, you know, aren't like that when they are up there on top."

208 "Too many ... molestation.": Katcher, p. 253.

208 "there is ... Denmark,": NY Times, 30 August 1925, p. 3; Walsh, p. 53.

Chapter 14: "The Man to See Was Arnold Rothstein".

211 "crush labor and its organizations." NY Times, 12 May 1915, p. 12; NY Times, 14 May 1915, p. 22; NY Times, 3 November 1915, p. 1; Katcher, pp. 280-01; Rockaway, pp. 95-96; Fried, pp. 34, 82-86; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Jackson, p. 544. Hillquit was a longtime leader of the Socialist Party's right wing. In 1917 he ran as Socialist Party candidate for mayor, receiving 22 percent of the vote.

212 Orgen: Katcher, pp. 281-14; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

212 "The Hall of Justice.": NY Times, 24 May 1922, p. 27. The property in question was owned by Rothstein's Redstone Building Co. and also housed the offices of his attorney Maurice Cantor. It was a.s.sessed at $665,000 in 1929. In 1926 the ASA merged with two organizations to form the American Arbitration a.s.sociation, which survives to this day.

212 Lenin: Dubinsky and Raskin, p. 60; Malkin, pp. 87-89; s...o...b..rg, pp. 114-16; Bernstein, p. 136.

213 "Rothstein promised ... disposed of.": Malkin, pp. 88-92 214 "Rothstein ... out of it.": NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939, pp. 1, 10.

214 "between ... Industrial Squad.": NY Times, 12 February 1926, p. 21; NY Times, 16 February 1926, p. 1; NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939, pp. 1, 10. Broderick was a throwback to the days of Clubber Williams. He once threw Legs Diamond into a garbage can. On another occasion, he attended a gangster's funeral and literally spat in the deceased's eye. Edward G. Robinson portrayed "Johnny Blake," a character loosely based on Broderick, in the 1936 film Bullets or Ballots. (Lardner and Reppetto, pp. 231-12) 214 "It is ... the Communists.": Katcher, p. 285.

215 Smith, Battle: Bernstein, pp. 137-38; Dubinsky and Raskin, pp. 58-65, 96-98.

215 "Well, . . . a cigarette.": NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; NY Times, 30 October 1927, Sect. X, p. 8; Fried, pp. 33-35; Carey, pp. 146-48; Walsh, p. 36-38. Defending Kushner was State Senator (and future mayor) James J. Walker. Walker magnanimously conceded that his client had fired three shots at Dropper but contended a mysterious "fourth-shot" might have killed the Kid. The strategy worked, and Kushner escaped a first-degree conviction, sentenced to "only" twenty years for second-degree murder. He left prison after serving fifteen years. On January 28, 1939, Kushner was murdered on a Lower East Side street corner, not far from where he killed Dropper, caught in Lepke Buchalter's attempt to silence anyone who could testify against him. (Fried, p. 210; http://www.paulsann.org/killthedutchman/chapter_XXI.htm) 215-16"Questionable characters . . underworld.": s...o...b..rg, p. 138. Little Augie played rough. In September 1926 he was arrested for shooting ILGWU picket Samuel Landman in the abdomen on West 26th Street. Nothing came of the charges.

216 The union not only paid Orgen, it reportedly made $2,500 a week in payoffs to NYPD Industrial Squad detectives. (Dubinsky and Raskin, p. 67) 216 Strike settlement: Dubinsky and Raskin, pp. 69-70; NY Times, September 11, 1926, p. 9. Rothstein evidently maintained his ties with Communist-led labor unions. On December 12, 1927 he wrote to Julius Portnoy, an officer with the Cloak, Skirt, Dress and Reefer (coat) Makers' Unions, regarding a $50 check Portnoy sent him for "services rendered." Rothstein corrected him pointedly, the $50, he said, was for "a loan I made to the Workers' Unity House, Inc." "In the future," he wrote Portnoy, "please leave this phrase out, as I said before it is not so and does not look very good for me. The Jewish Daily Forward printed A. R.'s letter in November 1928, claiming that it helped verify AFL vice-president Matthew Woll's charges of Rothstein-Communist collusion in the 1926 fur strike. (NY Times, 18 November 1928, p. 24.) 217 Lepke, Shapiro: Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 114-15.

217 "John T. Nolan Agency": NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; NY Times, 27 October 1927, p. 31; NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939.

218 "Don't ask me nothing.": NY Times, 16 October 1927, p. 1; NY Times, 18 October 1927, p. 12; NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; Carey, pp. 148-49. Representing Diamond during his questioning by police was none other than Leonard A. Snitkin, the same attorney who brought A. R. and the Communist Party together. Snitkin, a Tim Sullivan protege and former city magistrate, enjoyed as reputation as one of the city's premier jury-fixers.

Chapter 15: "1 Can't Trust a Drunk".

219 Fencing: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 44, 56.

220 "No boy ... the horses.": NY American, 25 January 1929; page unknown. Goldman, p. 61.

220 Gondorf, Monte Carlo: NY Telegraph, 22 February 1920, p. 1; Goldman, pp. 61, 73-74. In the confidence-game movie, The Sting, Paul Newman portrayed a character not-coincidentally named Henry Gondorf.

220 "I knew ... his life." NY Graphic, 26 November 1928, p. 4.

220-21 "What an ... a friend.": NY Graphic, 27 November 1928, page unknown.

221 Fields, bond robberies: NY Telegraph, 24 February 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 24 February 1920, p. 16; Grossman, pp. 61, 114; Louvish, pp. 194-95. World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 229. Not all bond messengers were so accommodating. One, Benjamin M. Binkowitz, met death at the robbers' hands.

222 Arnstein flees: NY Telegraph, 24 February 1920, pp. 1,2; NY Telegraph, 25 February 1920, pp. 1,2; NY Tribune, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, 21 February 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 24 February 1920, p. 16; Goldman, p. 91; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM. Nicky first used W. C. Fields as a conduit back to his wife, sending the comedian this oddly worded wire: "You remember the rides in your car with our friend. Tell her I've left the stage and am working in a bra.s.siere shop on Second Avenue." "Our friend" referred to the accomplice with whom Arnstein was in hiding. The accomplice's sister owned the bra.s.siere shop in question. f.a.n.n.y understand she was to visit it to receive her husband's messages.

223 "This hurts... this case!": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 168-81.

224 Fritz: Fowler (ibid), pp. 207-26. Fallon took no satisfaction from his victory, vowing it was his last murder case. "I was never so mad in my life," he fumed to his law partner Eugene McGee. "We sat there and heard the verdict. The man went scot-free. Do you think he thanked me? Not on your life! Can you guess what he said?" McGee had no idea. "He turned to me," Slippery Bill replied, "and in the most matter-of-fact way asked: 'Do you think I can get that cab back?' "

224 Milk, figs: NY Telegraph, 7 November 1928, p. 5; Clarke, p. 20; Katcher, p. 214.

225 "Aren't you ..." ... "... should know": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 205-06.

225 "mouse eyes." ... "... false teeth.": Carolyn Rothstein wrote of her husband's false teeth: "Arnold, like most sporting men, was extremely vain. When I married him, and for some years afterwards, his upper teeth were unsound and unattractive. The fact that they weren't white and even was a source of great annoyance to him, particularly as his nervous laugh was a revealing one. Finally, it was decided to have the teeth extracted. Arnold went to the dentist's office very early in the morning, and had all the teeth drawn. The dentist then took the necessary impressions, and spent the rest of the day with his a.s.sistants, making the new set of teeth. Arnold didn't stir out of the office. At his request, I took him his little black books at 10 A.M., and he worked over these until 6 P.M., at which hour the dentist and his aides had completed their labors. Arnold popped the new set of teeth into his mouth, and went out, as usual, to collect money that was due him." (Rothstein, p. 130).

225 "Rothstein ... his cheese.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 204-06; Katcher. p. 8.

226 "I can't trust a drunk,": Katcher. p. 169.

226 Decision to surrender: NY Tribune, 22 February 1920, p. 4; NY Tribune, 6 March 1920, p. 20; NY Tribune, 7 March 1920, p. 3, NY Tribune, 10 March 1920, p. 7.

226 Bail: Ann Pennington, a featured dancer in George White's Scandals (and George White's girlfriend), stood by Brice, visiting her dressing room one day and flinging down a handkerchief containing $20,000 of her personal jewelry for Nicky's bond collateral. f.a.n.n.y didn't accept Pennington's offer, but it moved her greatly.

226-27"I'd be ..." ... "... the coupons.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 243-44; Goldman, p. 99. The New Amsterdam Roof was a cabaret on the roof of 42nd Street's New Amsterdam Theater. Brice's show, The Frolics, costarred W. C. Fields, bandleader Ted Lewis, and comedian Chic Sale. Downstairs at the New Amsterdam, Ed Wynn's Carnival featured William Randolph Hearst's mistress, Marion Davies.

227 Police parade: NY Tribune, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 16; NY Graphic, 24 November 1928, p. 3; NY Journal-American, 6 July 1959.

228-29 "Look here,"... "... say not.": Clarke, pp. 1-6; Rothstein, pp. 167-68.

229 "To ensure ... wedding ring.": NY Times, 18 May 1920, p. 17; NY Tribune, 18 May 1920, p. 1.

229 Arndstein v. McCarthy: 254 U.S. 71; Arndstein v. McCarthy; 254 U.S. 379 Arndstein v. McCarthy; 262 U.S. 355 Arndstein v. McCarthy; 266 U.S. 34 Arndstein v. McCarthy; It's contended occasionally that Fallon's defense of Arnstein virtually created the right against self-incrimination. That is a gross misrepresentation. The case merely revolved around Fifth Amendment protections in bankruptcy cases.

230-31 "Look here." . . . ". . . it imagines.": NY Times, 5 May 1921, pp. 1, 4; NY Times, 10 May 1921, p. 19; NY Times, 25 June 1921, p. 4; NY Graphic, 28 November 1928, page unknown; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 265-72; Clarke, pp. 279-81.

231 Almirall grand jury: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 147-48; NY Times, 20 May 1920, p. 9.

Chapter 16: "1 Don't Bet On ... Boxing".

232 "I don't ... boxing.": Katcher, p. 204.

232 Tammany: In January 1898 local authorities stopped a bout because they hadn't yet decided who would receive the resultant graft. Longtime Brooklyn Democratic boss Hugh McLaughlin ended up controlling boxing in his borough, while Big Tim Sullivan received the rest of the state. Sullivan understood the profitability of scarcity, allowing a mere handful of boxing clubs to function and make hefty profits-reportedly $50,000 annual tribute from each. "If you don't fight in our clubs," a Sullivan henchman boasted, "you don't fight anywhere else in the State." (Harlow, p. 501; Katcher, p. 72) 232 Dempsey, Wills: Boxing, politics, graft, and gambling intertwined. Gang leaders Paul Kelly and Monk Eastman had originally been boxers. Nicky Arnstein employed former boxer Sam "Cheats" Ginsburg to fleece suckers in fixed card games. Some said middleweight great Stanley "The Michigan a.s.sa.s.sin" Ketchel owned a share of Rothstein and McGraw's Herald Square pool hall. Wilson Mizner briefly managed Ketchel. In October 1910, when the twenty four-year old Ketchel vacationed in rural Missouri, a jealous rival shot him in the back. Mizner expressed little sympathy. "Tell 'em to start counting ten over [Ketchel]," he quipped, "and he'll get up." Prohibition gangster Owney Madden controlled a string of fighters. Onetime Rothstein flunky (and former cabbie) Walter "Good Time Charley" Friedman owned part of heavyweight contender Primo "The Wild Bull of the Pampas" Camera. Bootlegger Big Bill Dwyer had the rest. Rothstein himself invested heavily in the sport fairly early in his career, bankrolling lightweight champion Willie Ritchie's 1914 twenty-round loss in London against Freddie "The Welsh Wizard" Welch.

Boxing and gambling proved especially interconnected in the Beansy Rosenthal killing, starting with the murder vehicle: John L. Sullivan's 1909 gray Packard touring car. Metropole proprietor George Considine once managed heavyweight champion "Gentleman Jim" Corbett-as well as lightheavyweight "Kid" McCoy, the original "Real McCoy." Detective Billy File, on the scene at the Metropole, had once been Corbett's sparring partner. Rosenthal's murderers rendezvoused at former heavyweight Tom Sharkey's 14th Street saloon. A witness to the shooting, local barber John Reisler, later briefly managed Jack Dempsey. Bald Jack Rose also managed fighters. His attorney, James M. Sullivan, served as his boxing press agent. They met when Rose promoted a fight featuring Sullivan himself. Charles Becker and Jacob "The King of the Newsboys" Reich claimed to be ringside at Madison Square Garden when Rosenthal was gunned down. Rosenthal had managed Reich's brief welterweight career.

The boxing connections of the Black Sox fix are not so numerous, but with ex-featherweight champ Abe Attell and former lightweight Billy Maharg at center stage, they are hardly less significant. (NY Times, 21 July 1912, p. 2; Klein, pp. 18, 23, 27, 28-29, 67, 87, 134; Logan, pp. 6, 20, 75-76, 86; Root, One Night in July, pp. 64, 69, 87, 97-98, 178; Kahn, A Flame of Pure Fire, pp. 17-9) 233 Gibson, Leonard: Katcher, pp. 99-100. In 1925 Gibson and bookmaker Wellington Mara became partners in New York's new National Football League franchise, the Giants. NFL Commissioner Joe Carr gave Gibson first shot at the opportunity, but Gibson, who had been burned in a 1921 attempt at a franchise, wanted someone to share the $500 risk. (Izenberg, pp. 23-26) 233 Leonard-Mitch.e.l.l fight: http://letsgopens.com/pirates/Leonard_Benny_rec.htm. "My husband was fond of another great prizefighter, Benny Leonard," Carolyn Rothstein would write, "When Benny Leonard was fighting his way to the top, and while he was holding his position at the top of the lightweights, Arnold always won money on his fights too. He admired Benny Leonard." (Rothstein, p. 208) 233-34"That b.u.m . . ." ... ". . . last night.": http://www.harrygreb.com/magsfifty- tosixtys.html.

234 Walker-Shade fight: Katcher, pp. 303-04.

236 "There is ... condition.": NY World, 30 November 1921; NY Herald, 21 May 1922; NY Times, 22 May 1922, NY American, 22 May 1922; NY American, 8 July 1922; NY Times, 1 January 1922, p. 1. Attell's ex-wife, now Mrs. Ethel Goodwin, followed a parallel path. In December 1921, Secret Service agents, local New York police, and even the bomb squad combined forces to arrest her and two men for stealing $1,477,000 in Liberty Bonds. The following May, Philadelphia police accused her of masterminding a burglary ring, characterized as consisting of "corrupted burglar alarm men."

236 Tunney-Greb fight: Attell took exception to the New York World's reporting on these events, excoriating the reporter responsible: "I saw what you wrote in The Evening World, and though my name wasn't mentioned, of course, the drift of your story was plain. I don't think it is fair to take a kick at a dog just because he happened to get a bad name. I took the blame once for something I didn't deserve. And so far as Gene Tunney and I are concerned, I have been his friend for many years, and I have always been one of the hardest to work toward making him the champion." (Van Every, p. 134) 237 Hoff loan to Tunney: To the general public, it appeared that Gentleman Jim Corbett had also predicted a Tunney win-but he hadn't. Corbett also picked Dempsey-in six-but he had an unblemished reputation for picking losers. Gene Fowler ghosted for Corbett and to "protect" his reputation cynically forecast a Tunney triumph. Corbett never read Fowler's material, and when Tunney won, Corbett looked like a genius.

238 Dempsey-Sharkey fight: Dempsey hit Sharkey consistently below the belt. In the seventh round, Sharkey turned to the referee to complain, and Dempsey hit him when he wasn't looking, scoring a knockout. "What was I supposed to do-," Dempsey explained, "write him a letter?"

239-40"the tool ..." ... "... bonus agreement.": NY Times, 19 September 1927, p. 20.

240 "I will not ..." ... "... are actionable.": New York divorce attorney Dudley Field Malone served as Deputy Secretary of State under then-Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan and later (as part of the delegation from the American Civil Liberties Union) opposed Bryan during the Scopes "Monkey Trial." In 1920 he unsuccessfully sought the Farmer-Labor Party nomination for president. By 1927 Malone's practice was in decline, due to heavy drinking. He drifted into acting and portrayed Winston Churchill in the 1943 film Mission to Moscow.

240-41 "An Open ... letter myself.": NY Times, 19 September 1927, p. 20; NY Daily Mirror, 5 November 1928, pp. 2-27; Kahn (A Flame of Pure Fire), pp. 403, 413-15, 419; Katcher, pp. 305-06; Clark, pp. 188-89; http://cyberbox- ingzone.com/boxi ng/wa i l l 100_b.o.o.boo. htm.

242 "In those ... Jews won!": Pacheco and Moskovitz, pp. 32-33.

242 "Because I'm ..." ... "... card games.": Fowler (Beau James), pp. 208-209. Fowler claimed this conversation occurred on the twenty-second anniversary of the longest match fought under Marquess of Queensbury rules, the famed forty-two round Joe Gans-Bat Nelson bout-or September 2, 1928, almost a week before the infamous poker game at Jimmy Meehan's. Among the many dubious theories explaining Rothstein's murder, some have even alleged that A. R. actually tried to protect his life by losing that night and not paying.

243 "William Gibson ... Fifth Avenue.": NY World, 28 November 1928, p. 2.