Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied Birds - novelonlinefull.com
You’re read light novel Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied Birds Part 8 online at NovelOnlineFull.com. Please use the follow button to get notification about the latest chapter next time when you visit NovelOnlineFull.com. Use F11 button to read novel in full-screen(PC only). Drop by anytime you want to read free – fast – latest novel. It’s great if you could leave a comment, share your opinion about the new chapters, new novel with others on the internet. We’ll do our best to bring you the finest, latest novel everyday. Enjoy
SUMMARY
1. The silky flycatchers, waxwings, and palm-chats are included in the family Bombycillidae; the Ptilogonatidae and Dulidae are reduced to subfamily rank.
2. The coloration of the birds of each subfamily is different because the ecological needs are different.
3. Waxwings were at one time regularly migratory, but are now nomadic, since they are adapted to live in northern lat.i.tudes for the entire year.
4. The corresponding bones in different members of the family closely resemble one another, and the differences which do exist are the results of responses within relatively recent times to changes in habits.
5. In the Bombycillidae a rounded wing is judged to be the primitive condition. As the wing becomes more pointed, the humerus becomes shorter and its external condyle longer.
6. The hind limbs are short in birds that depend most on flight power, but are longer and the distal elements are disproportionately longer in birds that depend on saltation or on running.
7. The pygostyle varies in shape and size between genera and even between some species.
8. The pectoral muscles differ in size only slightly in the different members of the family, but the insertions are more extensive for these muscles in birds that fly a great deal.
9. The muscles of the hind limb vary in ma.s.s, but not in kind, in the members of the family Bombycillidae.
10. In the Bombycillidae that depend on flight power, rather than on saltation or on running power, there is a tendency for the digestive tract to become shorter and for the whole visceral ma.s.s to become more compact.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANDERSON, E. M.
1915. Nesting of the Bohemian Waxwing in northern British Columbia. Condor, 17(4):145-148, 1915.
ANDERSON, M. P.
1907. A collecting trip in Korea. Condor, 9(5):146-147, 1907.
ANDERSON, R. M.
1909. Nesting of the Bohemian Waxwing (_Bombycilla garrulus_).
Auk, 26(1):10-12, 1909.
ARMSTRONG, E. A.
1942. Bird display. Cambridge Univ. Press, xvi + 381 pp., 22 plates, 1942.
BAIRD, S. F.
1860. The birds of North America. J. B. Lippincott Co., lvi + 1003 pp., 1860.
BEDDARD, F. E.
1898. The structure and cla.s.sification of birds. Longmans, Green & Co., xx + 548 pp., 252 figs., 1898.
BERGTOLD, W. H.
1917a. A study of the incubation period of birds. Kendrick-Bellamy Co., 109 pp., 1917.
1917b. Regurgitation in the Bohemian Waxwing. Auk, 34(3):341-342, 1917.
1924. A summer occurrence of the Bohemian Waxwing in Colorado.
Auk, 41(4):614, 1924.
BOULTON, R.
1926. Remarks on the origin and distribution of the Zonotrichiae.
Auk, 18(3):326-332, 1926.
BURLEIGH, T. D.
1921. Breeding birds of Warland, Lincoln County, Montana. Auk, 38(4):552-565, 1921.
BURT, W. H.
1930. Adaptive modifications in the woodp.e.c.k.e.rs. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 32(8):455-524, 29 figs. in text, 1930.
CARRIKER, M. A., JR.
1909-1912. An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica including Cocos Island. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6(1):314-915, 1909-1912.
CORY, C. B.
1886. The birds of the West Indies, etc. Auk, 3(2):187-245, 1886.
CROUCH, J. E.
1936. Nesting habits of the Cedar Waxwing. Auk, 53(1):1-8, 1936.
1943. Distribution and habitat relationships of the Phainopepla.
Auk, 60(3):319-333, 1943.
ENGELS, W. L.
1938. Cursorial adaptations in birds--limb proportions in the skeleton of _Geococcyx_. Jour. Morph., 63:207-217, 3 figs.
in text, 1938.
