Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Household Science in Rural Schools Part 30

6. Make two brace cleats and fasten them to the ends of the cabinet, so that the swing tops are held level and even with the top of the cabinet.

Putting Zinc on the Top:

1. Unscrew the swing tops from the cabinet to put the zinc on.

2. Place the piece of zinc, 27" 39", on top, extending 1-1/2" over the edges all around.

3. Hold the zinc firmly in place and make a square bend along the front edge with a hammer or mallet, bending the edge of the zinc up under the top.

4. Punch a straight row of holes 1" apart through the zinc and tack it on.

5. Bend the back edge, punch and tack in the same manner as the front edge, but be sure the zinc fits snugly on the top.

6. Bend the ends of the zinc the same as before, but be very careful to fold the corners neatly.

7. Put the zinc on the swing tops in the same manner.

8. Fasten the swing tops again to the top of the cabinet.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Fig._ 37.--Working details]

Drawer:

The drawer front, 13-16" 5" 14-3/8", with lap 3/8" 1/2" cut out on the ends.

1. Nail the sides, 1/2" 5" 19-5/8", to the lap of the front and to the ends of the back.

2. Nail the bottom in between the sides 1/8" from the lower edge. This allows the drawer to slide on the edges of the sides.

3. Put the part.i.tions in the drawer as called for by this plan.

The racks for covers and pie tins shown in the drawings are made from two pieces, 13-16" 2" 4", one piece 13-16" 2" 10-1/2" for the bottom, and two pieces of lath 12" long for the sides. These racks may be placed on the doors as shown, or may be changed to suit the equipment.

III Finishing--

1. Set all the nails and putty the holes.

2. Sandpaper the cabinet carefully.

3. Paint or stain and wax the outside of the cabinet, to harmonize with the surroundings where it is to be used.

4. Paint the inside with two coats of white enamel.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Fig._ 38.--Cabinet completed]

Before putting on the enamel, apply a coat of ordinary white-lead paint and allow it to dry thoroughly. If desired, the outside of the cabinet may be finished in white enamel, though this is somewhat more expensive than the paint or stain recommended above.

All the Household Science Cabinets shown have a two-fold purpose. In the first place, they furnish storage s.p.a.ce for the utensils and working s.p.a.ce for the pupils. In the second place, they offer a most interesting manual training project for a boys' club. The members can make any one of them, thus correlating their practical woodwork and the domestic science of the girls and, in this way, exhibiting the co-operative spirit of the home and the school.

3. In some cases it may be possible to use the school stove for cooking purposes. Some schools use natural gas for heating and, where this is the case, provision for cooking may readily be made. Other schools situated on a hydro-electric line, may, as has been done in one case, use electricity as a source of heat. At present, however, the majority of schools may find it best to use one of the many oil-stoves now on the market. One-, two-, or three-flame-burner stoves may be obtained for general use. The two-, or three-flame-burner stoves are recommended, as they are less likely to be overturned. The one-flame-burner stove, however, is often useful as an additional provision. A good grade of oil should be used, and the stove should be kept scrupulously clean, constant attention being paid to the condition of the wick. Any oil spilt on the stove when it is being filled should be carefully wiped off before lighting. If attention is paid to these details, the stove will burn without any perceptible odour.

4. The number of the utensils and the amount of equipment depend upon the community and the number of pupils to be considered. By careful planning few utensils are needed. They should be as good as the people of the neighbourhood can afford and, in general, should be of the same character as those used in the homes of the district. All the table-cloths, towels, dish-cloths, etc., required should be hemmed by the pupils. Articles for storing supplies may be bought or donated.

Gla.s.s canisters with close lids are best, but as subst.i.tutes, fruit jars, jelly gla.s.ses, or tin cans will serve the purpose. It is an easy matter to secure an empty lard-bucket or a syrup-can for flour or meal, empty coffee-cans for sugar or starch, etc., and baking-powder or cocoa-tins for spices. Each should be plainly labelled.

Several typical lists of equipment in Household Science are given here.

These may be modified to suit particular circ.u.mstances. Considerable expense may be saved if the pupils bring their own individual equipment--soup-bowl, cup and saucer, plate, spoon, knife, fork, and paper napkins. This plan is not advised unless it is absolutely necessary, but, if followed, an effort should be made to have the articles as uniform as possible.

The following equipment is that contained in the cabinet ill.u.s.trated on page 152 and is sufficient for giving organized instruction to six pupils. If a noon lunch is provided, additional individual equipment will be required.

EQUIPMENT FOR RURAL SCHOOL HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE CABINET--NO. 1

1 Perfection blue-flame stove (two-flame) $15.00 1 Two-burner oven 4.50 1 Coal-oil can .50 1 Dish-pan 1.15 1 Tea-kettle 1.50 1 Large sauce-pan and cover .75 2 Medium sauce-pans and covers, 30c each .60 2 Small sauce-pans and covers, 25c each .50 2 Frying-pans, 20c ea. .40 2 Pudding bake-dishes, 50c ea. 1.00 2 m.u.f.fin pans (12 rings, each 30c) .60 1 Soap-dish .25 4 Small mixing bowls, 16c ea. .64 2 Pitchers, 55c ea. 1.10 3 Ca.s.seroles, 20c, 25c, 30c .75 6 Measuring cups, 90c ea. .60 6 Custard cups, 90c doz. .45 6 White plates, $1.45 doz. .73 6 Supply jars, 90c doz. .45 2 Vegetable brushes, 5c ea. .10 1 Grater .20 2 Egg-beaters, 10c ea. .20 12 Forks 2.25 12 Teaspoons 1.20 6 Tablespoons, $2.85 doz. 1.43 6 Vegetable knives, 25c ea. 1.50 6 Case knives, $3.00 doz. 1.50 2 Strainers, 20c ea. .40 1 Spatula .40 1 Bread knife .50 1 Can-opener .10 1 French knife .45 2 Water pails, $1.15 ea. 2.30 6 Dish-towels, 25c ea. 1.50 3 Dish-cloths, 10c ea. .30 3 Rinsing cloths, 10c ea. .30 1 yd. oil-cloth .45 5 yards cheesecloth .35

EQUIPMENT FOR RURAL SCHOOL HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE CABINET--NO. II

The equipment included in the Cabinet and Cupboard shown in Figure 27, page 154, is as follows:

For Six Pupils

1 Cupboard $15.00 1 Cabinet table 10.00 1 Three-burner oil-stove 21.00 1 Portable oven 2.20 1 Storage tin 1.35 2 Dish-pans 1.30 2 Draining pans .90 2 Scrub basins .80 2 Soap-dishes .40 1 Pail .55 2 Pails 1.80 2 Dippers .70 2 Tea-kettles 2.00 3 Kneading boards .90 3 Rolling-pins .45 1 Oil-can 1.10 1 Stove mitt .20 1 Dust-pan .10 1 Whisk .15 2 Scrub-brushes .30 3 Vegetable brushes .15 3 Stew pans 1.05 2 Sauce-pans .50 3 Frying-pans .75 3 Strainers .39 3 Pie plates .15 3 Measuring cups (tin) .30 1 Measuring cup (gla.s.s) .15 1 Double boiler .85 3 Baking-dishes .38 2 Cake tins .30 3 Toasters .30 1 Tea-pot .25 1 Coffee-pot .35 1 Pitcher (2 quarts) .18 1 " (1 pint) .10 5 Bowls .60 6 Custard cups .60 1 b.u.t.ter crock .30 1 Covered pail (1 pint) .15 2 Trays .20 1 Grater .10 1 Potato masher .10 1 Can-opener .10 1 French knife .35 1 Bread " .35 3 Egg-beaters .15 1 Dover egg-beater .10 3 Wooden spoons .15 6 Paring knives .90

For Eight Pupils

1 Cupboard $15.00 1 Cabinet table 10.00 1 Collapsible table 5.00 1 Three-burner oil-stove 21.00 1 One-burner oil-stove 6.50 1 Portable oven 2.20 1 Storage tin 1.35 2 Dish-pans 1.30 2 Draining pans .90 4 Scrub basins 1.60 2 Soap-dishes .40 1 Pail .55 2 Pails 1.80 2 Dippers .70 3 Tea-kettles 3.00 4 Kneading boards 1.20 4 Rolling-pins .60 1 Oil-can 1.10 1 Stove mitt .20 1 Dust-pan .10 1 Whisk .15 4 Scrub brushes .60 4 Vegetable brushes .20 4 Stew-pans 1.40 2 Sauce-pans .50 4 Frying-pans 1.00 4 Strainers .52 4 Pie plates .20 4 Measuring cups (tin) .40 1 Measuring cup (gla.s.s) .15 1 Double boiler .85 4 Baking-dishes .50 2 Cake tins .30 4 Toasters .40 1 Tea-pot .25 1 Coffee-pot .35 2 Pitchers (2 quarts) .35 1 Pitcher (1 quart) .10 6 Bowls .72 6 Custard cups .60 1 b.u.t.ter crock .30 1 Covered pail (1 pint) .15 2 Trays .20 1 Grater .10 1 Potato masher .10 1 Can-opener .10 1 French knife .35 1 Bread " .35 4 Egg-beaters .20 1 Dover egg-beater .10 4 Wooden spoons .20 6 Paring knives .90

For Twelve Pupils

1 Cupboard $15.00 1 Cabinet table 10.00 1 Collapsible table 5.00 2 Three-burner oil-stoves 42.00 1 Portable oven 2.20 1 storage tin 1.35 3 Dish-pans 1.95 3 Draining-pans 1.35 6 Scrub basins 2.40 3 Soap-dishes .60 1 Pail .55 2 Pails 1.80 2 Dippers .70 3 Tea-kettles 3.00 6 Kneading boards 1.80 6 Rolling-pins .90 1 Oil-can 1.10 2 Stove mitts .40 1 Dust-pan .10 1 Whisk .15 6 Scrub brushes .90 6 Vegetable brushes .30 6 Stew pans 2.10 3 Sauce-pans .75 6 Frying-pans 1.50 6 Strainers .78 6 Pie plates .30 6 Measuring cups (tin) .60 1 Measuring cup (gla.s.s) .15 1 Double boiler .85 6 Baking-dishes .75 3 Cake tins .45 6 Toasters .60 1 Tea-pot .25 1 Coffee-pot .35 2 Pitchers (2 qt.) .35 2 " (1 qt.) .20 8 Bowls .96 6 Custard cups .60 1 b.u.t.ter crock .30 1 Covered pail (1 pt.) .15 2 Trays .20 1 Grater .10 1 Potato masher .10 1 Can-opener .10 1 French knife .35 1 Bread " .35 6 Egg-beaters .30 3 Dover egg-beaters .30 6 Wooden spoons .30 12 Paring knives 1.80

In the equipment for twelve pupils, three one-burner oil-stoves at $6.50 each might be used in place of the second large stove. In this case extra provision must be made for storing the stoves when not in use, as the cabinet shown does not provide s.p.a.ce for more than one large stove.

Care should be taken in using the one-burner stove to avoid upsetting it while it is in use. The equipment given above is generous, and reductions may be made if necessary. In any case it is not advisable that the whole equipment should be purchased at once; only sufficient to make a beginning should be secured, and further utensils may be added as the necessity for their use arises.

If a hot dish is served at the noon lunch, as is most desirable, the following will be needed in addition, in order to serve twenty-four pupils:

24 Knives $2.40 24 Forks 1.20 24 Teaspoons .40 12 Tablespoons .60 6 Salt and pepper shakers 1.50 24 Gla.s.ses 1.50 24 Plates 2.20 4 Plates (large) .50 24 Cups and saucers 4.20 24 Fruit and vegetable dishes 1.50

HECTOGRAPH

The hectograph is a device for making copies of written work. Teachers whose schools have limited black-board s.p.a.ce will find it of great service. Recipes and other rules for work may be copied and distributed to the pupils, and thus kept in a permanent form. Many other uses in connection with the general work of the school will suggest themselves.

The following are the directions for making:

Soak 1-1/2 ounces of white glue in three ounces of water until it is well softened. Cook in a double boiler until the whole ma.s.s is smooth.

Remove from the fire and add six ounces of glycerine. Mix well, re-heat, skim, and pour into a shallow pan or on a slate. p.r.i.c.k the bubbles as soon as they show. Allow the mixture to stand for twenty-four hours, and it is then ready for use.