Ontario Teachers' Manuals: History Part 20

3. The Clergy Reserves were established; later to become a bone of contention.

V. 1841 to 1867--Act of Union to British North America Act.

The demands of the people for responsible government, that is, for control of the Executive and of taxation, became so insistent that the Act of Union was pa.s.sed, following Lord Durham's report on the Rebellion of 1837.

Provisions of the Act of Union:

1. Legislative Council appointed (20 members)

2. Legislative a.s.sembly elected (42 from each Province, later 65 from each)

3. Executive Council selected from both Houses

4. A permanent Civil List of 75,000 was granted

5. The Legislative a.s.sembly controlled the rest of the revenue.

Money bills were to originate with the Government. This was really Responsible Government, as it was developed under Elgin.

VI. 1867 to the present:

The British North America Act was the statement of a complete victory of the people for Responsible Government. The Executive Council (Cabinet) is wholly responsible to Parliament, in which the members of the Executive must have seats; the raising and the spending of revenue is wholly in the hands of the people's representatives. For a clear summary of the concessions won by Canadians, see Bourinot, _How Canada is Governed_, page 34; see also _Ontario Public School History of Canada_, pp. 267 et seq.

DEVICES

MAPS

1. Wall maps for general study, especially of modern history.

2. Outline or sketch maps drawn on the black-board by the teacher or the pupils for use in the study of earlier history, or explorations, etc.

For these purposes the details of a wall map are not only not needed, but are rather a hindrance.

3. Relief maps of plasticine, clay, or salt and flour, to be made by the pupils to ill.u.s.trate the influence of geographical facts in history, and to make events in history more real to the pupils.

PICTURES

1. Many good historical pictures of persons, buildings, monuments, and events may be collected by the pupils and the teacher from magazines and newspapers, and pasted in a sc.r.a.p-book. (See Educational Pamphlet, No.

4, _Visual Aids in the Teaching of History_.)

2. The Perry Picture Co., Malden, Ma.s.s., publishes pictures in different sizes, costing from one cent upward. Many of these are useful in teaching history. Similar pictures may be obtained from the Cosmos Picture Co., New York.

3. Good picture post-cards can be easily obtained.

4. Lantern slides and stereopticon views may be used. (For lists of dealers and publishers of 3 and 4, see also _Visual Aids in the Teaching of History_.)

MUSEUMS

These often contain relics of earlier times in the form of implements, utensils, weapons, dress. A visit to one will interest pupils.

SOURCE BOOKS

Some source books for ill.u.s.trating earlier conditions in Ontario are:

1. _The Talbot Regime._ By Charles Oakes Ermatinger, St. Thomas.

2. _Pioneer Days._ By David Kennedy, Port Elgin. Sold by author, 50c.

3. _United Empire Loyalists._ By Egerton Ryerson. William Briggs.

4. _Canadian Const.i.tutional Development._ Selected speeches and dispatches, 1766-1867. By Egerton and Grant Murray. $3.00.

5. _Pen Pictures of Early Pioneer Life in Upper Canada._ William Briggs, Toronto, $2.00.

GENEALOGICAL TABLES

Those needed to ill.u.s.trate special periods may be found in the larger histories. Pupils should be instructed how to interpret them.

CHRONOLOGICAL CHART

This may be made by the cla.s.s, on the black-board or on a slated cloth as the work advances. On the left hand of a vertical line are set down the dates, allowing the same s.p.a.ce for each ten years, the close of each decade being shown in larger figures. On the right side are set down the events in their proper place. For example, in studying the career of Champlain, the Chart will be begun as follows:

CHAMPLAIN

=1600=

1603 First visit, when 36 years old, with Pontgrave.

1604 With De Monts and Poutrincourt he undertakes to colonize Acadia; forms a settlement at Port Royal.

1608 Founds Quebec.

1609 Explores Richelieu River and Lake Champlain; forms an alliance with the Hurons and Algonquins against the Iroquois.

1610 Marriage.

1611 Establishes a trading station at what is now Montreal.

1613 Ascends the Ottawa River, expecting to find the way to China; deceived, returns to France.

1615 Brings out the Recollet Fathers to Christianize the Indians; explores the country of the Hurons.