New Word-Analysis Part 49

SWERIAN, _to swear_--swear, swearer, forswear, answer, unanswered.

SWeT, _sweet_--sweet, sweetbread, sweeten, sweetmeat, sweetness.

TaECAN, _to show, to teach_--teach, teachable, teacher.

TELLAN, _to count_--tell, teller, tale, talk, talkative, foretell.

THINCAN, _to seem_; pret. thuh-te, _methinks_, _methought_.

THRINGAN, _to press_--throng.

THYR, _dry_--thirst, thirsty.

TREOWE, _true_--true, truth, truthful, truism, trust, trustee, trustworthy, trusty.

TWA, _two_--twice, twine, twist, between, entwine.

TYRNAN, _to turn_--turn, turner, turncoat, turnkey, turnpike, overturn, return, upturn.

WACAN, _to awake_--wake, wakeful, waken, wait, watch, watchful, watchfulness, watchman.

WARNIAN, _to defend_, _to beware_--warn, warning, warrant, wary, weir, aware, beware.

WEARM, _glowing_--warm, warmth.

WEGAN, _to move_--wag, waggle, wain, wave, way, wayfarer, weigh, weight, weighty.

WEORDH, _worth_--worth, worthy, worship, worshipper, unworthy.

WERIAN, _to cover_--wear, wearable, weary, wearisome.

WINNAN, _to labor_--win, won.

WITAN, _to know_--wise, wisdom, wizard, wit, witness, witty.

WRINGAN, _to twist_--wrangle, wrench, wriggle, wring, wrinkle.

WRITHAN, _to twist_--wrath, wrathful, wroth, wreath, wreathe, wry, wryneck, wrong.

WUNIAN, _to dwell_--wont, wonted.

WYRM, _a worm, a serpent_--worm.

Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English.

_EXTRACT FROM CaeDMON'S PARAPHRASE._

_Caedmon: died about 680._

Nu we sceolan herian Now we shall praise heofon-rices weard, the guardian of heaven, metodes mihte, the might of the creator, and his mod-ge-thonc, and his mind's thought, wera wuldor-faeder! the glory-father of men!

swa he wundra ge-hwaes, how he of all wonders, ece dryhten, the eternal lord, oord onstealde. formed the beginning.

He aerest ge-sceop He first created ylda bearnum for the children of men heofon to hrofe, heaven as a roof, halig scyppend! the holy creator!

tha middan-geard them the world mon-cynnes weard, the guardian of mankind ece dryhten, the eternal lord, aefter teode, produced afterwards, firum foldan, the earth for men, frea aelmihtig! the almighty master!

_Pa.s.sAGE REPEATED BY BEDE ON HIS DEATH-BED._

_Bede: died 735._

For tham ned-fere Before the necessary journey neni wirtheth no one becomes thances suotera more prudent in thought thonne him thearf sy, than is needful to him, to ge-hicgeune to search out er his heonon-gange before his going hence hwet his gaste what to his spirit G.o.des othe yveles of good or of evil efter deathe heonon after his death hence demed weorthe. will be judged.

_EXTRACT FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE--Tenth Century._

Tha feng aelfred aethelwulfing to Then took Alfred, son of Ethelwulf West-Seaxna rice; and thaes ymb aenne to the West Saxon's kingdom; and monath gefeaht aelfred cyning with that after one month fought Alfred ealne thone here lytle werode aet king against all the army with a Wiltoune, and hine lange on daeg little band at Wilton, and them long geflymde, and tha Deniscan ahton during the day routed and then the wael-stowe geweald. And thaes geares Danes obtained of the battle-field wurdon nigon folcgefeoht gefohten possession. And this year were nine with thone here on tham cyne-rice be great battles fought with the army suthan Temese, butan tham the him in the kingdom to the south of the aelfred, and ealdormen, and cyninges Thames, besides those in which thegnas oft rada onridon the man na Alfred, and the alder-men, and the ne rimde. And thaes geares waeron king's thanes oft inrode--against of-slegene nigon eorlas, and an which one nothing accounted. And cyning; and thy geare namon this year were slain nine earls and West-Seaxan frith with thone here. one king; and this year made the West-Saxons peace with the army.

_EXTRACT FROM THE SAXON GOSPELS--Eleventh Century._

LUCae, Cap. I. v. 5-10. LUKE, Chap. I. v. 5-10.

5. On Herodes dagum Iudea cyninges, 5. In the days of Herod the king of waes sum sacerd on naman Zacharias, of Judea, there was a certain priest by Abian tune: and his wif waes of name Zacharias, of the course of Aarones dohtrum, and hyre nama waes Abia: and his wife was of the Elizabeth. daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

6. Sothlice hig waeron butu rihtwise 6. And they were both righteous beforan G.o.de, gangende on eallum his before G.o.d, walking in all the bebodum and rihtwisnessum, butan commandments and ordinances of the wrohte. Lord without blame.

7. And hig naefdon nan bearn, fortham 7. And they had no child, because the Elizabeth waes unberende; and hig that Elizabeth was barren; and they on heora dagum butu forth-eodon. in her days were both of great age.

8. Sothlice waes geworden tha 8. And it befell that when Zacharias Zacharias hys sacerdhades breac on should do the office of the his gewrixles endebyrdnesse beforan priesthood in the order of his G.o.de, course before G.o.d,

9. aefter gewunan thaes sacerdhades 9. After the custom of the hlotes, he eode that he his offrunge priesthood he went forth by lot, to sette, tha he on G.o.des tempel eode. burn incense when he into G.o.d's temple went.

10. Eall werod thaes folces waes ute 10. And all the mult.i.tude of the gebiddende on thaere offrunge timan. people were without praying at the time of incense.

_THE LORD'S PRAYER._

Faeder ure, thu the eart on heofenum; Father our, thou who art in heaven; si thin nama gehalG.o.d; to-bec.u.me thin be thine name hallowed; let come rice; geweordhe thin willa on thine kingdom; let be done thine eorthan, swa swa on heofenum. Urne ge will on earth, so as in the heavens.

daeghwamlican hlaf syle us to-daeg; and Our also daily bread give thou us forgyf us ure gyltas, swa swa we to-day; and forgive thou to us our forgidfadh urum gyltendum; and ne debts, so as we forgive our debtors; gelaede thu us on costnunge, ac alys and not lead thou us into us of yfle, etc. temptations, but deliver thou us from evil, etc.

SPECIMENS OF SEMI-SAXON AND EARLY ENGLISH.

_EXTRACT FROM THE BRUT OF LAYAMON--About 1180._

He nom tha Englisca boc He took the English book Tha makede Seint Beda; That Saint Bede made; An other he nom on Latin, Another he took in Latin, Tha makede Seinte Albin, That Saint Albin made, And the feire Austin, And the fair Austin, The fulluht broute hider in. That baptism brought hither in.

Boc he nom the thridde, The third book he took, Leide ther amidden, _And_ laid there in midst, Tha makede a Frenchis clerc, That made a French clerk, Wace was ihoten, Wace was _he_ called, The wel couthe writen, That well could write, And he hoc yef thare aethelen And he it gave to the n.o.ble Allienor, the wes Henries quene, Eleanor, that was Henry's Queen, Thes heyes kinges. The high king's.

_EXTRACT FROM A CHARTER OF HENRY III.--1258._

Henry, thurg G.o.de's fultome, King on Henry, through G.o.d's support, King Engleneloande, Lhoaverd on Yrloand, of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Duk on Norman, on Acquitain, Earl on Normandy, of Acquitain, Earl of Anjou, send I greting, to alle hise Anjou, sends greeting to all his holde, ilaerde and ilewede on subjects, learned and unlearned, of Huntindonnschiere. Thaet witen ge wel Huntingdonshire. This know ye well alle, haet we willen and unnen thaet all, that we will and grant what our ure raedesmen alle, other the moare counsellors all, or the more part of del of heom, thaet beoth ichosen thurg them, that be chosen through us and us and thurg thaet loandes-folk on ure through the landfolk of our kingdom, kineriche, habbith idon, and schullen have done, and shall do, to the don in the worthnes of G.o.d, and ure honor of G.o.d, and our allegiance, treowthe, for the freme of the for the good of the land, etc.

loande, etc.

Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English.

That the young student may be made aware of the extent of the employment of Anglo-Saxon in our present language, and that he may have some clue to direct him to a knowledge of the Saxon words, the following extracts, embracing a great proportion of these words, are submitted to his attention. The words not Teutonic are marked in _Italics_.

MILTON.

Of man's first _disobedience_, and the _fruit_ Of that forbidden tree, whose _mortal taste_ Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of _Eden_, till one greater man _Restore_ us and _regain_ the blissful seat-- Sing, heavenly _Muse_.

With thee _conversing_, I forget all time, All _seasons_, and their _change_; all _please_ alike.

Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet, With _charm_ of earliest birds; _pleasant_ the sun When first on this _delightful_ land he spreads His _orient_ beams on _herb_, tree, _fruit_, and _flower_, Glistering with dew; _fragrant_ the _fertile_ earth, After soft showers; and sweet the coming on Of _grateful_ evening mild; then _silent_ night With this her _solemn_ bird, and this fair moon, And these the _gems_ of heaven, her starry _train_.

SHAKESPEARE.

To be, or not to be, that is the _question_; Whether 't is _n.o.bler_ in the mind to _suffer_ The stings and arrows of _outrageous fortune_, Or to take _arms_ against a sea of _troubles_, And, by _opposing_, end them? To die, to sleep; No more;--and by a sleep to say we end The heart_ache_ and the thousand _natural_ shocks That flesh is _heir_ to! 't were a _consummation_ _Devoutly_ to be wished. To die; to sleep; To sleep?--_perchance_ to dream!

All the world's a _stage_, And all the men and women _merely_ players.

They have their _exits_ and their _entrances_, And one man in his time plays many _parts_; His _acts_ being seven _ages_. At first the _infant_, Mewling and puking in his _nurse's arms_.

And then the whining _school_-boy, with his _satchel_ And shining morning _face_, creeping like snail Unwillingly to _school_. And then the lover, Sighing like _furnace_, with a woeful _ballad_ Made to his _mistress'_ eyebrow. Then a _soldier_, Full of _strange_ oaths, and bearded like the _pard_, _Jealous_ in _honour_, _sudden_ and quick in _quarrel_; Seeking the bubble _reputation_ Even in the _cannon's_ mouth.

TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE.