Indian Linguistic Families Of America, North Of Mexico Part 18

Lawrence school, Kansas 6 ------ 27,063 Caughnawaga: Caughnawaga, Quebec 1,673

Cayuga: Grand River, Ontario 972?

With Seneca, Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory (total 255) 128?

Cattaraugus Reserve, New York 165 Other Reserves in New York 36 ------ 1,301?

"Iroquois": Of Lake of Two Mountains, Quebec, mainly Mohawk (with Algonquin) 345 With Algonquin at Gibson, Ontario (total 131) 31?

------ 376?

Mohawk: Quinte Bay, Ontario 1,050 Grand River, Ontario 1,302 Tonawanda, Onondaga, and Cattaraugus Reserves, New York 6 ------ 2,358 Oneida: Oneida and other Reserves, New York 295 Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin ("including homeless Indians") 1,716 Carlisle and Hampton schools 104 Thames River, Ontario 778 Grand River, Ontario 236 ------ 3,129 Onondaga: Onondaga Reserve, New York 380 Allegany Reserve, New York 77 Cattaraugus Reserve, New York 38 Tuscarora (41) and Tonawanda (4) Reserves, New York 45 Carlisle and Hampton schools 4 Grand River, Ontario 346 ------ 890 Seneca: With Cayuga, Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory (total 255) 127?

Allegany Reserve, New York 862 Cattaraugus Reserve, New York 1,318 Tonawanda Reserve, New York 517 Tusarora and Onondaga Reserves, New York 12 Lawrence, Hampton, and Carlisle schools 13 Grand River, Ontario 206 ------ 3,055?

St. Regis: St. Regis Reserve, New York 1,053 Onondaga and other Reserves, New York 17 St. Regis Reserve, Quebec 1,179 ------ 2,249 Tuscarora: Tuscarora Reserve, New York 398 Cattaraugus and Tonawanda Reserves, New York 6 Grand River, Ontario 329 ------ 733 Wyandot: Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory 288 Lawrence, Hampton, and Carlisle schools 18 "Hurons" of Lorette, Quebec 279 "Wyandots" of Anderdon, Ontario 98 ------ 683

The Iroquois of St. Regis, Caughnawaga, Lake of Two Mountains (Oka), and Gibson speak a dialect mainly Mohawk and Oneida, but are a mixture of all the tribes of the original Five Nations.

KALAPOOIAN FAMILY.

= Kalapooiah, Scouler in Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc. Lond., XI, 335, 1841 (includes Kalapooiah and Yamkallie; thinks the Umpqua and Cathlascon languages are related). Buschmann, Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 599, 617, 1859, (follows Scouler).

= Kalapuya, Hale in U.S. Expl. Exp., VI, 3217, 584, 1846 (of Willamet Valley above Falls). Gallatin in Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., I pt. 1, c, 17, 77, 1848. Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1853. Gallatin in Sohoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 402, 1853. Latham in Trans. Philolog.

Soc. Lond., 73, 1856. Buschmann, Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 617, 1859.

Latham, Opuscula, 340, 1860. Gatschet in Mag. Arn. Hist., 167, 1877.

Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misc., 443, 1877.

> Calapooya, Bancroft, Nat. Races, III, 565, 639, 1883.

X Chinooks, Keane, App. Stanford's Comp. (Cent, and So. Am.), 474, 1878 (includes Calapooyas and Yamkally).

> Yamkally, Bancroft, Nat. Races, III, 565, 630, 1883 (bears a certain relationship to Calapooya).

Under this family name Scouler places two tribes, the Kalapooiah, inhabiting "the fertile Willamat plains" and the Yamkallie, who live "more in the interior, towards the sources of the Willamat River."

Scouler adds that the Umpqua "appear to belong to this Family, although their language is rather more remote from the Kalapooiah than the Yamkallie is." The Umpqua language is now placed under the Athapascan family. Scouler also a.s.serts the intimate relationship of the Cathlascon tribes to the Kalapooiah family. They are now cla.s.sed as Chinookan.

The tribes of the Kalapooian family inhabited the valley of Willamette River, Oregon, above the falls, and extended well up to the headwaters of that stream. They appear not to have reached the Columbia River, being cut off by tribes of the Chinookan family, and consequently were not met by Lewis and Clarke, whose statements of their habitat were derived solely from natives.

PRINc.i.p.aL TRIBES

_Ahantchuyuk_ (Pudding River Indians).

Atfalati.

Calapooya.

Chelamela.

Lakmiut.

Santiam.

Yamil.

_Population._--So far as known the surviving Indians of this family are all at the Grande Ronde Agency, Oregon.

The following is a census for 1890:

Atfalati 28 Calapooya 22 Lakmiut 29 Mary's River 28 Santiam 27 Yamil 30 Yonkalla 7 --- Total 171

KARANKAWAN FAMILY.

= Karankawa, Gatschet in Globus, XLIX, No. 8, 123, 1886 (vocabulary of 25 terms; distinguished as a family provisionally). Gatschet in Science, 414, April 9, 1887.

The Karankawa formerly dwelt upon the Texan coast, according to Sibley, upon an island or peninsula in the Bay of St. Bernard (Matagorda Bay).

In 1804 this author, upon hearsay evidence, stated their number to be 500 men.[56] In several places in the paper cited it is explicitly stated that the Karankawa spoke the Attakapa language; the Attakapa was a coast tribe living to the east of them. In 1884 Mr. Gatschet found a Tonkawe at Fort Griffin, Texas, who claimed to have formerly lived among the Karankawa. From him a vocabulary of twenty-five terms was obtained, which was all of the language he remembered.

[Footnote 56: Am. State Papers, 1832, vol. 4, p. 722.]

The vocabulary is unsatisfactory, not only because of its meagerness, but because most of the terms are unimportant for comparison.

Nevertheless, such as it is, it represents all of the language that is extant. Judged by this vocabulary the language seems to be distinct not only from the Attakapa but from all others. Unsatisfactory as the linguistic evidence is, it appears to be safer to cla.s.s the language provisionally as a distinct family upon the strength of it than to accept Sibley's statement of its ident.i.ty with Attakapa, especially as we know nothing of the extent of his information or whether indeed his statement was based upon a personal knowledge of the language.

A careful search has been made with the hope of finding a few survivors of this family, but thus far not a single descendant of the tribe has been discovered and it is probable that not one is now living.

KERESAN FAMILY.

> Keres, Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 55, 86-90, 1856 (includes Kiwomi, Cochitemi, Acoma).

= Kera, Powell in Rocky Mt. Presbyterian, Nov., 1878 (includes San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Cochiti, Santa Ana, Cia, Acoma, Laguna, Povate, Hasatch, Mogino). Gratschet in U.S. Geog. Surv. W. 100th M., VII, 417, 1879. Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist. 259, 1883.

= Keran, Powell in Am. Nat., 604, Aug., 1880 (enumerates pueblos and gives linguistic literature).

= Queres, Keane, App. Stanford's Comp. (Cent. and So. Ana.), 479, 1878.

= Chu-cha-cas, Lane in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, V, 689, 1855 (includes Laguna, Acoma, Santo Domingo, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Cochite, Sille).

= Chu-cha-chas, Keane, App. Stanford's Comp. (Cent. and So. Am.), 479, 1878 (misprint; follows Lane).

= Kes-whaw-hay, Lane in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, V, 689, 1855 (same as Chu-cha-cas above). Keane, App. Stanford's Comp. (Cent. and So.

Am.), 479, 1878 (follows Lane).

Derivation unknown. The name is p.r.o.nounced with an explosive initial sound, and Ad. F. Bandelier spells it Qq'ueres, Quera, Queris.

Under this name Turner, as above quoted, includes the vocabularies of Kiwomi, Cochitemi, and Acoma.