Great Britain and the American Civil War Part 51

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1129: Mason Papers.]

[Footnote 1130: _Ibid._]

[Footnote 1131: _Ibid._, Spence to Mason, Dec. 7, 1863.]

[Footnote 1132: _The Index_, Dec. 10, 1863, p. 518.]

[Footnote 1133: The success of pro-Northern meetings in London was ignored. Lord Bryce once wrote to C.F. Adams, "My recollection is that while many public meetings were held all over Great Britain by those who favoured the cause which promised the extinction of Slavery, no open (i.e., non-ticket) meeting ever expressed itself on behalf of the South, much as its splendid courage was admired." (Letter, Dec. 1, 1913, in Ma.s.s. Hist. Soc. _Proceedings_, Vol. XLVII, p. 55.) No doubt many of these pro-Southern meetings were by ticket, but that many were not is clear from the reports in _The Index_.]

[Footnote 1134: Mason Papers. Spence to Mason, Dec. 17, 1863.]

[Footnote 1135: _Ibid._, The _weight_ of the _Times_ is here evident even though Goldwin Smith's statement, made in a speech at Providence, R.I., in 1864, be true that the London _Daily Telegraph_, a paper not committed to either side in America, had three times the circulation of the _Times_. (_The Liberator_, Sept. 30, 1864.) Smith's speech was made on the occasion of receiving the degree of LL.D. from Brown University.]

[Footnote 1136: _Ibid._, That Mason did contribute Confederate funds to Spence's meetings comes out in later correspondence, but the amount is uncertain.]

[Footnote 1137: _The Index_, Dec. 17, 1863, p. 532. "The attendance of representatives was numerous, and the greatest interest was manifested throughout the proceedings. Manchester was represented by Mr. W. R.

Callender (Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee), and by Messrs.

Pooley, J. H. Clarke, T. Briggs, Rev. Geo. Huntington, Rev. W.

Whitelegge, Messrs. Armstrong, Stutter, Neild, Crowther, Stenhouse, Parker, Hough, W. Potter, Bromley, etc. Mr. Mortimer Collins, the Secretary of the a.s.sociation, was also present. The districts were severally represented by the following gentlemen: Stockport--Messrs.

Constantine and Leigh; Rochdale--Mr. Thos. Staley; Bradford--Mr. J.

Leach; Hyde--Messrs. Wild and Fletcher; Glossop--Mr. C. Schofield; Oldham--Messrs. Whittaker, Steeple, and Councillor Harrop; Delf and Saddleworth--Mr. Lees, J.P.; Macclesfield--Messrs. Cheetham and Bridge; Heywood--Mr. Fairbrother; Middleton--Mr. Woolstencroft; Alderley (Chorley)---Mr. J. Beesley, etc., etc."]

[Footnote 1138: So reported by _The Index_, Jan. 14, 1864, p. 20, in comment on speeches being made by Forster and Ma.s.sie throughout Lancashire.]

[Footnote 1139: _The Index_, Jan. 14, 1864, p. 22.]

[Footnote 1140: Mason Papers. To Mason.]

[Footnote 1141: _The Liberator_, Dec. 26, 1862, giving an extract from the London _Morning Star_ of Dec. 4, and a letter from George Thompson.]

[Footnote 1142: _U.S. Diplomatic Correspondence_, 1863, Pt. 1, p. 18.

Adams to Seward, Dec. 18, 1862, enclosing a pamphlet issued by the a.s.sociation.]

[Footnote 1143: Its appeal for funds was addressed in part to women.

"Fairest and best of earth! for the sake of violated innocence, insulted virtue, and the honour of your s.e.x, come in woman's majesty and omnipotence and give strength to a cause that has for its object the highest human aims--the amelioration and exaltation of humanity."]

[Footnote 1144: _The Index_, Jan. 14, 1864, p. 23. The committee of organization was as follows:--

The Most n.o.ble the Marquis of Lothian, The Most n.o.ble the Marquis of Bath, The Lord Robert Cecil, M.P., The Lord Eustace Cecil, The Right Honourable Lord Wharncliffe.

The Right Honourable Lord Campbell, The Hon. C. Fitzwilliam, M.P., The Honourable Robt. Bourke, Edward Akroyd, Esq., Halifax, Colonel Greville, M.P., W.H. Gregory, Esq., M.P., T.C. Haliburton, Esq., M.P., A.J.B. Beresford Hope, Esq., W.S.Lindsay, Esq., M.P., G.M.W. Peac.o.c.ke, Esq., M.P., Wm. Scholefield, Esq., M.P., James Spence, Esq., Liverpool, William Vansittart, Esq., M.P.

Chairman: A.J.B. Beresford Hope, Esq.

Treasurer: The Lord Eustace Cecil.

[Footnote 1145: _The Liberator_, Feb. 26, 1864.]

[Footnote 1146: _The Index_, March 17, 1864, p. 174. An amusing reply from an "historian" inclined to dodge is printed as of importance. One would like to know his ident.i.ty, and what his "judicial situation" was.

"An eminent Conservative historian writes as follows: 'I hesitate to become a member of your a.s.sociation from a doubt whether I should take that open step to which my inclinations strongly prompt me, or adhere to the neutrality in public life to which, as holding a high and responsible judicial situation in this country, I have hitherto invariably confined myself. And after mature consideration I am of opinion that it will be more decorous to abide in this instance by my former rule. I am the more inclined to follow this course from the reflection that by not appearing in public as an advocate of the Southern States, I shall be able to serve their cause more effectually in my literary character. And the printing of a new edition of my 'History' (which is now going on) will afford me several opportunities of doing so, of which I shall not fail gladly to avail myself.'"]

[Footnote 1147: Printed, London, 1864.]

[Footnote 1148: At the time a recently-printed work by a clergyman had much vogue: "The South As It Is, or Twenty-one Years' Experience in the Southern States of America." By Rev. T.D. Ozanne. London, 1863. Ozanne wrote: "Southern society has most of the virtues of an aristocracy, increased in zest by the democratic form of government, and the freedom of discussion on all topics fostered by it. It is picturesque, patriarchal, genial. It makes a landed gentry, it founds families, it favours leisure and field sports; it develops a special cla.s.s of thoughtful, responsible, guiding, and protecting minds; it tends to elevation of sentiment and refinement of manners" (p. 61). Especially he insisted the South was intensely religious and he finally dismissed slavery with the phrase: "The Gospel of the Son of G.o.d has higher objects to attain than the mere removal of one social evil" (p. 175).]

[Footnote 1149: Mason Papers.]

[Footnote 1150: The _Alexandra_, as a result of the Court's decision, was again appealed, but on an adverse decision was released, proceeded to Na.s.sau, where she was again libelled in the Vice-Admiralty Court of the Bahamas, and again released. She remained at Na.s.sau until the close of the war, thus rendering no service to the South. (Bernard, pp. 354-5.)]

[Footnote 1151: Feb. 4, 1864, p. 73.]

[Footnote 1152: See Ch. XIII.]

[Footnote 1153: State Department, Eng. Adams to Seward, April 7, 1864.]

[Footnote 1154: F.O., Am., Vol. 944, No. 81. Lyons to Russell, Feb. 1, 1864.]

[Footnote 1155: Russell Papers. Lyons to Russell, Feb. 9, 1864.]

[Footnote 1156: F.O., Am., Vol. 944, No. 98. Lyons to Russell, Feb. 12, 1864.]

[Footnote 1157: _Ibid._, Vol. 946, No. 201. Lyons to Russell, March 22, 1864.]

[Footnote 1158: _Ibid._, Vol. 945, No. 121. Lyons to Russell, Feb. 23, 1864.]

[Footnote 1159: Lyons Papers, April 23, 1864.]

[Footnote 1160: April, 1864.]

[Footnote 1161: Russell Papers. Lyons to Russell, April 19, 1864, and F.O., Am., Vol. 948, No. 284. Lyons to Russell, April 25, 1864. A Captain Goodenough was sent to America and fully confirmed Lyons' reports.]

[Footnote 1162: Russell Papers. Lyons to Russell, May 9, 1864. The tone of the _New York Herald_ might well have given cause for anxiety. "In six months at the furthest, this unhappy rebellion will be brought to a close. We shall then have an account to settle with the Governments that have either outraged us by a recognition of what they call 'the belligerent rights' of the rebels, or by the active sympathy and aid which they have afforded them. Let France and England beware how they swell up this catalogue of wrongs. By the time specified we shall have unemployed a veteran army of close upon a million of the finest troops in the world, with whom we shall be in a position not only to drive the French out of Mexico and to annex Canada, but, by the aid of our powerful navy, even to return the compliment of intervention in European affairs." (Quoted by _The Index_, July 23, 1863, p. 203.)]

[Footnote 1163: Bigelow, _Retrospections_, I, p. 563, states that great efforts were made by the Government to stimulate immigration both to secure a labour supply and to fill up the armies. Throughout and even since the war the charge has been made by the South that the foreign element, after 1862, preponderated in Northern armies. There is no way of determining the exact facts in regard to this for no statistics were kept. A Memorandum prepared by the U.S. War Department, dated July 15, 1898, states that of the men examined for physical fitness by the several boards of enrolment, subsequent to September 1, 1864 (at which time, if ever, the foreign element should have shown preponderance), the figures of nativity stood: United States, 341,569; Germany, 54,944; Ireland, 50,537; British-America, 21,645; England, 16,196; and various other countries no one of which reached the 3,500 mark. These statistics really mean little as regards war-time immigration since they do not show _when_ the foreign-born came to America; further, from the very first days of the war there had been a large element of American citizens of German and Irish birth in the Northern armies. Moreover, the British statistics of emigration, examined in relation to the figures given above, negative the Southern accusation. In 1861, but 38,000 subjects of Great Britain emigrated to the United States; in 1862, 48,000; while in 1863 the number suddenly swelled to 130,000, and this figure was repeated in 1864. In each year almost exactly two-thirds were from Ireland. Now of the 94,000 from Ireland in 1863, considering the number of Irish-American citizens already in the army, it is evident that the bulk must have gone into labour supply.]

[Footnote 1164: _Parliamentary Papers_, 1863, _Commons_, LXXII.

"Correspondence with Mr. Adams respecting enlistment of British subjects."]

[Footnote 1165: The _Times_, Nov. 21, 1863. Also March 31, 1864.]

[Footnote 1166: _Parliamentary Papers_, 1864, _Commons_, LXII.

"Correspondence respecting the Enlistment of British seamen at Queenstown." Also "Further Correspondence," etc.]

[Footnote 1167: For facts and much correspondence on the Phinney case see _Parliamentary Papers_, 1864, _Commons_, LXII. "Correspondence respecting the Enlistment of British subjects in the United States Army." Also "Further Correspondence," etc.]