England in America, 1580-1652 Part 29

The standard authority for the history of New Hampshire is Jeremy Belknap, _History of New Hampshire_ (3 vols., 1784-1813); and that for Maine is William D. Williamson, _History of Maine_ (2 vols., 1832).

Doc.u.ments ill.u.s.trating the history of New Hampshire can be found in the _New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers_ and in John Scribner Jenness, _Transcripts of Original Doc.u.ments in the English Archives Relating to the Early History of the State of New Hampshire_ (1876).

Important papers occur in the ten volumes of _Collections_ published by the New Hampshire Historical Society. For Maine the reader is referred to the _Collections_ of the Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society and those of the Maine Historical Society. Important original material may be found in _York Deeds_ (11 vols., 1642-1726).

For the early history of both colonies John Winthrop, _History of New England_, is the princ.i.p.al original authority. The narrative of Gorges has some value in connection with both colonies. Special tracts and doc.u.ments are treated in chap, xvi., above.

DUTCH COLONY OF NEW NETHERLAND

The standard authorities for the early history of this colony are E.B.

O'Callaghan, _History of New Netherland_ (2 vols., 1855), and John Romeyn Brodhead, _History of the State of New York_ (2 vols., 1872).

The voyage of Henry Hudson is told in Purchas; and the _Doc.u.ments Relating to the History of New York_ (15 vols., 1856-1861) collected by John Romeyn Brodhead shed light on the early Dutch trading-post at New Amsterdam. The first mention by the English of the Dutch on the Hudson is made in a work republished in the _Collections_ of the Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society (2d series, IX., 1-25), in which it is stated that an English sea-captain, Dermer, "met on his voyage from [Virginia to New England] with certain Hollanders who had a trade in Hudson River some years before that time, 1619."

For the relations of the Dutch with the English the main authorities are William Bradford, _Plimoth Plantation_; John Winthrop, _History of New England_; the "Proceedings of the Federal Commissioners,"

published in _Plymouth Colony Records_, IX., X., and _New Haven Records_, and Hazard, _State Papers_, II.; and Peter de Vries, _Journal_ (N.Y. Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, III.).

NEW SWEDEN

The founding of New Sweden is probably best told in Benjamin Ferris, _History of the Original Settlements on the Delaware_ (1846), extracted from works already published in English, and is interesting and valuable as identifying and describing many of the places mentioned. Winthrop and the records of the federal commissioners set out pretty fully the relations with the English colonies.

NEW FRANCE AND ACADIA

A series of chapters in Winsor, _Narrative and Critical History of America_ (vol. IV., chaps, i.-iv.) tell the story of the founding of the French dominion in America. The chief original authorities are Richard Hakluyt, _Voyages_; Samuel de Champlain, _Les Voyages_; Marc Lescarbot, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_; and the _Jesuit Relations_.

For relations with the English the chief original authority is Winthrop. Among the late French writers the pre-eminence is accorded to the Jesuit father Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_.

RIVALRY WITH SPAIN

The rivalry of England with Spain, which is the greatest underlying principle of English colonization, is depicted fully in Hakluyt, _Discourses on Western Planting_, written at Raleigh's request and shown to Queen Elizabeth; first printed in 1877 by Dr. Charles Deane in the Maine Hist. Soc., _Collections_ (2d series, II.). The lives of Gilbert and Raleigh were manifestations of this spirit of rivalry, and Edward Edwards, _Life of Sir Walter Raleigh_ (2 vols., 1868), contains the fullest and best account extant of the two half-brothers. In an excellent little work, _Thomas Hariot and His a.s.sociates_ (1900), developed by Henry Stevens chiefly from dormant material, we have a most entertaining and interesting account of Thomas Hariot, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh, Jacques Le Moyne, Captain John White, and other n.o.ble spirits a.s.sociated in the colonization of America. Compare the critical chapter of E.G. Bourne, _Spain in America_ (_The American Nation_, III.).

RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES

Religious influences entered largely into the settlement and development of the different colonies in America. The chief authorities on the subject are James Carwithen, _History of the Church of England_ (1849); Daniel Neal, _History of the Puritans_ (1844); Anderson, _History of the Church of England in the Colonies_ (2 vols., 2d ed., 1856); William Stevens Perry, _History of the American Episcopal Church_ (2 vols., 1885); Francis Lister Hawks, _Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States_ (2 vols., 1836-1839). William Meade, _Old Churches in Virginia_ (2 vols., 1857), tells much about the early church in Virginia. In the _Johns Hopkins University Studies_ are Paul E. Lauer, _Church and State in New England_, X., Nos. ii., iii.; and George Petrie, _Church and State in Maryland_, X., No. iv.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

For Virginia the economic side has been fully presented by Philip A.

Bruce in his _Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century_ (2 vols., 1896). The social side during the period of the present volume has not been thoroughly covered by any modern writer. For Maryland no detailed statement can be found, but much valuable information is contained in Newton D. Mereness, _Maryland as a Proprietary Province_ (1901). For New England the social and economic status is fully presented by William B. Weeden, _Economic and Social History of New England_ (2 vols., 1891). John G. Palfrey, _History of New England_ (4 vols.), has also several valuable chapters on the subject. Edward Eggleston, _Beginners of a Nation_ (1897) and _Transit of Civilization_ (1900) deal very appreciatively with social elements and conditions.