Curiosities Of Great Britain: England And Wales Delineated Part 6

[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]

[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]

[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]

[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their enemies.]

Map Names of Places. County. Number of Miles From +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+ 37 Agmering pa Suss.e.x L. Hampton 4 Arundel 4 46 Angram to N.R. York Tadcaster 3 Wetherby 7 43 Angram Grange to N.R. York Easingwold 4 Thirsk 7 29 Anick to Northumb Hexham 2 Corbridge 3 29 Anick Grange to Northumb ... 2 ... 3 46 Anlaby to E.R. York Hull 4 Beverley 7 27 Anmer pa Norfolk Castle Rising 6 Burnham M. 10 30 Annesley pa Nottingham Mansfield 6 Nottingham 10 39 Ansley[A] pa Warwick Nuneaton 5 Atherstone 3 35 Anslow, or Annesley to Stafford Burton-on-T. 3 Uttoxeter 9 +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+ Dist. Map Names of Places. Number of Miles From Lond. Population.

+--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+ 37 Agmering pa Steyning 8 58 928 46 Angram to York 6 194 67 43 Angram Grange to Borobridge 11 217 28 29 Anick to Newcastle 18 278 163 29 Anick Grange to ... 18 278 36 46 Anlaby to South Cave 7 171 27 Anmer pa Lynn 11 106 132 30 Annesley pa Newsted Ab. 3 134 402 39 Ansley[A] pa Coventry 9 101 773 35 Anslow, or Annesley to Abbots Brom 8 128 270 +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+

[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in 1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park, rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--

Beneath this stony roof reclined, I sooth to peace my pensive mind.

On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.

Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture, and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.

[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]

Map Names of Places. County. Number of Miles From +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+ 18 Anstey[A] pa Herts Barkway 3 Buntingford 4 23 Anstey chap Leicester Leicester 4 Mount Sorrel 5 39 Anstey pa Warwick Coventry 5 Nuneaton 6 41 Anstey pa Wilts Hindon 5 Shaftesbury 6 11 Anstey, East pa Devon Dulverton 3 S. Moulton 10 11 Anstey, West pa Devon ... 4 ... 9 45 Anston to & pa W.R. York Worksop 6 Tickhill 7 8 Anthony, St. pa Cornwall Falmouth 5 Helston 8 8 Anthony, St. pa Cornwall St. Mawes 2 Falmouth 3 27 Antingham pa Norfolk N. Walsham 3 Cromer 6 8 Anthony, West, or St. Jacobs[B] pa Cornwall Devonport 4 Saltash 4 7 Antrobus to Chester Northwich 4 Warrington 8 24 Anwick pa Lincoln Sleaford 5 Tattershall 8 28 Apethorpe chap Northamp Wandesford 4 Stamford 7 24 Apley chap Lincoln Wragby 2 Lincoln 10 15 Apperley ham Gloucester Tewkesbury 4 Cheltenham 6 24 Appleby[C] pa Lincoln Glandford B. 7 Burton 5 +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+ Dist. Map Names of Places. Number of Miles From Lond. Population.

+--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+ 18 Anstey[A] pa Stocking Pel. 4 33 417 23 Anstey chap Loughboro' 8 100 850 39 Anstey pa Rugby 10 93 268 41 Anstey pa Wilton 9 95 348 11 Anstey, East pa Bampton 6 169 166 11 Anstey, West pa ... 7 169 226 45 Anston to & pa Sheffield 10 152 776 8 Anthony, St. pa Lizard Point 12 275 300 8 Anthony, St. pa Truro 9 270 144 27 Antingham pa Aylesham 6 126 248 8 Anthony, West, or St. Jacobs[B] pa St. Germains 3 123 3099 7 Antrobus to Frodsham 11 179 476 24 Anwick pa Metheringh 9 120 235 28 Apethorpe chap Oundle 6 84 297 24 Apley chap Horncastle 12 143 152 15 Apperley ham Glocester 6 104 401 24 Appleby[C] pa Barton 8 163 517 +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+

[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road called Ermine Street, pa.s.ses through this village.

[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]

[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony, formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family, there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a bra.s.s plate, beneath an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them into the King's possession; but the design being discovered to the Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23, 1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of that t.i.tle; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and visitors to Plymouth.

[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]

[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]

[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]

[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--pa.s.ses through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving nearly a due northerly direction, pa.s.sing through the city of Lincoln, continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.

Map Names of Places. County. Number of Miles From +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+ 10 Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa Derb. & Leic. Ashby 6 M. Bosworth 7 40 Appleby[B] m.t. & pa Westmor Brough 8 Penrith 14 +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+ Dist. Map Names of Places. Number of Miles From Lond. Population.

+--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+ 10 Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa Atherstone 7 112 1150 40 Appleby[B] m.t. & pa Orton 9 270 1459 +--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+

[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.

[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen, and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament, but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been a.s.sailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.

Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.

Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out, and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at Queen's College, Oxford, and ent.i.tled to partic.i.p.ate in five exhibitions of 60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady, contains a n.o.ble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little trade, and no manufacture of importance.

_Market_, Sat.u.r.day--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4 P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.

[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]

[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]

[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]

Map Names of Places. County. Number of Miles From +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+ 11 Appledore pa Devon Bideford 2 Torrington 11 21 Appledore[A] m.t. & pa Kent Tenterden 4 New Romney 7 38 Appledram pa Suss.e.x Chichester 2 Portsmouth 16 16 Appledurcombe ham Hants Newport 6 Niton 3 5 Appleford chap Berks Abingdon 4 Dorchester 3 16 Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap Hants Ludgershall 4 Andover 5 40 Applethwaite[C] to Westmor Ambleside 5 Bowness 3 4 Appleton[D] to & pa Berks Abingdon 5 Oxford 6 22 Appleton to Lancashire Warrington 7 Prescot 5 44 Appleton to N.R. York Catterick 3 Richmond 4 43 Appleton-le-Moors to N.R. York Pickering 5 Kirkby 3 43 Appleton-le-Street to N.R. York New Malton 4 Pickering 7 46 Appleton Roebuck to N.R. York York 7 Selby 8 44 Appleton on Wisk to N.R. York Yarm 7 Northallerton 7 30 Appletree ham Northamp Banbury 7 Daventry 10 44 Appletrewick[E] to N.R. York Skipton 8 Settle 16 +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+ Dist. Map Names of Places. Number of Miles From Lond. Population.

+--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+ 11 Appledore pa Barnstaple 7 204 1450 21 Appledore[A] m.t. & pa Rye 6 61 698 38 Appledram pa Petersfield 13 64 188 16 Appledurcombe ham Shanklin 3 91 ... 5 Appleford chap Wallingford 6 52 179 16 Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap Salisbury 13 68 355 40 Applethwaite[C] to Kendall 8 270 417 4 Appleton[D] to & pa Wantage 10 61 447 22 Appleton to Liverpool 11 195 1439 44 Appleton to Bedale 6 228 83 43 Appleton-le-Moors to Helmsley 8 231 269 43 Appleton-le-Street to York 18 218 860 46 Appleton Roebuck to Tadcaster 5 189 638 44 Appleton on Wisk to Darlington 11 232 553 30 Appletree ham Southam 9 77 83 44 Appletrewick[E] to Burnsall 1 224 425 +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+

[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort, which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the year 893.

_Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle and pedlery.

[Sidenote: Princ.i.p.ally inhabited by Graziers.]

[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Sat.u.r.day before Weyhill Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.

[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to a t.i.the of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families of the first distinction.

[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]

[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]

[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician and chemist, Edmund d.i.c.kinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20 years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the doctrine of the Trans.m.u.tation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.

[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund d.i.c.kinson]

[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder of the n.o.ble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof of the advantages attendant on industry.

[Sidenote: House of Craven.]

Map Names of Places. County. Number of Miles From +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+ 4 Arborfield[A] to Berks Wokingham 5 Swallowfield 3 22 Arbury to Lancaster Newton 3 Warrington 2 7 Arclid to Chester Sandbach 2 Congleton 5 45 Arden to W.R. York Thirsk 10 Stokesley 11 38 Ardingley[B] pa Suss.e.x Cuckfield 4 E. Grinstead 7 4 Ardington pa Berks Wantage 3 Abingdon 8 14 Ardleigh pa Ess.e.x Colchester 5 Manningtree 4 31 Ardley pa Oxford Bicester 4 Middleton 3 45 Ardsley to W.R. York Barnsley 2 Wakefield 11 45 Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa W.R. York Wakefield 5 Leeds 6 +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+ Dist. Popul Map Names of Places. Number of Miles From Lond. -ation.

+--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+ 4 Arborfield[A] to Reading 4 36 268 22 Arbury to Liverpool 18 186 280 7 Arclid to Middlewich 6 162 79 45 Arden to Kirkby 10 227 130 38 Ardingley[B] pa Crawley 7 33 587 4 Ardington pa East Ilsley 7 57 404 14 Ardleigh pa Dedham 2 56 1545 31 Ardley pa Aynhoe 5 58 170 45 Ardsley to Rotherham 8 172 1029 45 Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa Huddersfield 11 187 2303 +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+

[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly Mogg.

_Fair_, October 5, cattle.

[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]