Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 261

630 Whale oil boils (Graham).

617 Pure lead melts (Rudberg).

600 Linseed oil boils.

518 Bis.m.u.th melts (Gmelin).

442 Tin melts (Crichton).

380 a.r.s.enious acid volatilises.

356 Metallic a.r.s.enic sublimes.

315 Oil of turpentine boils (Kaure).

302 Etherification ends.

257 Saturated sol. of sal ammoniac boils (Taylor).

256 Saturated sol. of acetate of soda boils.

239 Sulphur melts (Miller), 226 (Fownes).

238 Saturated sol. of nitre boils.

221 Saturated sol. of salt boils (Paris Codex).

220 Saturated sol. of alum, carb. soda, and sulph. zinc, boil.

218 Saturated sol. of chlorate and prussiate potash, boil.

216 Saturated sol. of sulph. iron, sulph. copper, nitrate of lead, boil.

214 Saturated sol. of acetate lead, sulph. and bitartrate potash, boil.

213 or (2135) Saturated sol. of water begins to boil in gla.s.s.

212 Water boils in metal, barometer at 30.

211 Alloy of 5 bis.m.u.th, 3 tin, 2 lead, melts.

201 Alloy of 8 bis.m.u.th, 5 lead, 3 tin, melts (Kane).

207 Sodium melts (Regnault).

145 White of egg begins to coagulate.

185 Nitric acid 152 begins to boil.

180 (about) Starch forms a gelatinous compound with water.

176 Rectified spirit boils, benzol distils.

173 Alcohol (sp. gr. 796 to 800) boils.

151 Beeswax melts (Kane), 142 (Lepage).

150 Pyroxylic spirit boils (Scanlan).

1418 Chloroform, and ammonia of 945, boil.

445 Pota.s.sium melts (Bunsen).

132 Acetone (pyroacetic spirit) boils (Kane).

122 Mutton suet and styracin melt.

116 Bisulphuret of carbon boils (Graham).

115 Pure tallow melts (Lepage), 92 (Thomson).

112 Spermaceti and stearin of lard melt.

111 Phosphorus melts (Miller).

98 Temperature of the blood.

95 Ether (720) boils.

95 Carbolic acid crystals become an oily liquid.

88 Acetous fermentation ceases, water boils _in vacuo_.

77 Vinous ferm. ends, acetous ferm. begins.

644 Oil of anise liquefies.

59 Gay Lussac's _Alcoometre_ graduated at.

55 Syrups to be kept at (P. L.).

30 (about) Olive oil becomes partially solid.

32 Water freezes.

5 Cold produced by snow 2 parts and salt 1 part.

-379 Mercury freezes.

=TENT.= A piece of lint, or compressed sponge, used to dilate openings, wounds, &c.

=TERBIUM.= A rare metal found by Prof. Mosander, a.s.sociated with erbium and yttrium in ordinary yttria. See ERBIUM and YTTRIUM.

=TER'RA.= [L.] Earth. TERRA j.a.pONICA, catechu; TERRA PONDEROSA, sulphate of baryta, &c.

=TER'RA COT'TA.= Literally, baked clay; a term applied to statues, architectural ornaments, &c., made of pure white clay, fine sand, and powdered potsherds, slowly dried, and baked to a strong hardness.

=TEST.= _Syn._ REAGENT. Any substance employed to determine the name or character of any other substance, or to detect its presence in compounds.

=TEST SOLUTIONS.= The test solutions here given are those of the British Pharmacopia, which are used for determining the strength of various Pharmacopial preparations by volumetric a.n.a.lysis. In the Pharmacopia it is stated: The processes for volumetric estimations may be performed either with British or with metrical weights and measures, and the solutions are so arranged that they will be of the same strength, and the same indications will be obtained in using them, whichever system is employed, without the necessity of altering any of the figures by which the quant.i.ties of the substances tested or of the test solutions required in the process are expressed.

According to the British system, the quant.i.ties of the substances to be tested are expressed in grains by weight, whilst the quant.i.ties of the test solutions employed in testing are expressed in grain-measures, the grain-measure being the volume of a grain of distilled water.

According to the metrical system, the quant.i.ties of the substances to be tested are expressed in grammes by weight, whilst the quant.i.ties of the test solutions employed in testing are employed in cubic centimetres, the cubic centimetre being the volume of a gramme of distilled water.

As the cubic centimetre bears the same relation to the gramme that the grain-measure bears to the grain, the one system may be subst.i.tuted for the other, with no difference in the results excepting that, by the metrical system, all the quant.i.ties will be expressed in relation to a weight (the gramme) which is more than fifteen times as great as the British grain.

In practice it will be found convenient in subst.i.tuting metrical for British weights and measures, to reduce the values of all numbers to one-tenth by moving the decimal points, and this has been done in the tables appended to the descriptions of the volumetric solutions. The quant.i.ties indicated in the Pharmacopia, which in grains and grain-measures can be conveniently used, would be found inconveniently large if the same numbers of grammes and cubic centimetres were employed.

The following apparatus is required in the preparation and use of these solutions.

For British weights and measures:

1. A flask, which, when filled to a mark on the neck, contains exactly 10,000 grains of distilled water at 60. The capacity of the flask is therefore 10,000 grain-measures.

2. A graduated cylindrical jar which, when filled to O, holds 10,000 grains of distilled water, and is divided into 100 equal parts.

3. A burette. A graduated gla.s.s tube which, when filled to O, holds 1000 grains of distilled water, and is divided into 100 equal parts. Each part therefore corresponds to 10 grain-measures.

For metrical weights and measures:

1. A gla.s.s flask which, when filled to a mark on the neck, contains 1 litre, or 1000 cubic centimetres.

2. A graduated cylindrical jar which, when filled to O, contains 1 litre (1000 cubic centimetres), and is divided into 100 equal parts.

3. A burette. A graduated tube which, when filled to O, holds 100 cubic centimetres, and is divided into 100 equal parts.

(One cubic centimetre is the volume of one gramme of distilled water at 4 C.[230], 1000 cubic centimetres equal 1 litre).

[Footnote 230: It is customary to make the measurements with metrical apparatus at 60 Fahr.]

Volumetric solutions, before being used, should be shaken in order that they may be throughout of uniform strength. They should also be preserved in stoppered bottles. All measurements should be made at 60.

VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF BICHROMATE OF POTASH (Bichromate of potash, KO,2CrO_{3} = 1475, or K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7} = 295).

Take of-- Bichromate of potash 1475 grains.

Distilled water a sufficiency.