Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 225

=Soup, Vermicelli.= Drop very lightly and by degrees 6 oz. of vermicelli, broken rather small, into 3 quarts of boiling bouillon, or clear gravy soup; let it simmer for half an hour over a gentle fire, and stir it often.

INGREDIENTS.--Bouillon or gravy soup, 3 quarts, vermicelli, 6 oz.; 30 minutes. Or soup, 3 quarts; vermicelli, 4 oz.; blanched in boiling water, 5 minutes; stewed in soup 10 to 15 minutes.

=SOUR'ING.= See MALT LIQUORS and WINES.

=SOY.= Genuine soy is a species of thick black sauce, imported from China.

_Prep._ Take of the seeds of _Soja hispida_ (white haricots or kidney beans may be used for them), 1 gall.; boil them in water, q. s., until soft, add of bruised wheat, 1 gall., and keep the mixture in a warm place for 24 hours; then add of common salt, 1 gall.; water, 2 gall.; put the whole into a stone jar, and bung it up loosely for two or three months, shaking it very frequently during the whole time; lastly press out the liquor and bottle it; the residuum may be treated afresh with water and salt, for soy of an inferior quality.

_Obs._ The soy of the shops is, in nine cases out of ten, a spurious article made in this country, by simply saturating mola.s.ses or treacle with common salt. A better and a really wholesome imitation is made as follows:--Malt syrup, 1 gall. (or, 13-1/2 lbs.); treacle, 5 lbs.; salt, 4-1/4 lbs.; mushroom juice, 1 quart; mix, with a gentle heat, and stir until the union is complete; in a fortnight decant the clear portion.

=SPAN'ISH FLIES.= See CANTHARIDES.

=SPAR'ADRAP.= _Syn._ SPARADRAPUM, L. Originally a cerecloth; now applied to spread plasters; as SPARADRAPUM COMMUNE, common strapping or adhesive plaster; S. VESICATORIUM, blistering plaster or tissue, &c.

The following are in occasional demand by the pharmacist:--

=Sparadrap, Opium.= _Syn._ SPARADRAPUM OPII (M. Schufelle.) _Prep._ On a piece of black sarcenet of a close and strong texture, properly stretched; spread with a brush, 3 layers of extract of opium, softened with water, to the consistence of treacle, and mixed with a sixth part of powdered gum.

Keep the plaster dry.

=Sparadrap, Thapsian.= _Syn._ SPARADRAPUM THAPSIae. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Yellow wax, 4-1/4 oz.; resin, 1-1/2 oz.; Burgundy pitch, 1-1/2 oz.; boiled turpentine, 1-1/2 oz.; Swiss turpentine, 1/2 oz.; glycerin, 1/2 oz.; honey, 1/2 oz.; resin of thapsia, 3/4 oz. Melt the first five substances together and strain through linen. Keep them liquefied and add the glycerin, the honey, and the resin. When well mixed, and of a proper consistence, spread on strips of linen cloth.

=Sparadrap, Wax.= SPARADRAPUM c.u.m CERA, TOILE DE MAI. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ White wax, 8 oz.; (by wt.), oil of almonds, 4 oz.; (by wt.), Swiss turpentine, 1 oz. Melt together and dip into it strips of linen cloth, which are to be pa.s.sed between wooden rollers, to remove the superfluous plaster. Spread on paper it forms waxed paper.

=SPARTE'INE.= _Syn._ SPARTEINA, L. A volatile oily liquid, possessing basic properties, obtained from _Spartium scoparium_, or broom. It is highly poisonous, and resembles conine and nicotine in its general properties.

=SPASMS.= _Syn._ CRAMP; SPASMUS, L. An involuntary contraction of the muscles, generally of the extremities, accompanied with pain more or less severe. Spasms are distinguished into clonic spasms or convulsions, in which the contractions and relaxations are alternate, as in epilepsy; and into tonic spasms, in which there is continued rigidity, as in locked-jaw.

That form which commonly attacks the muscles of the legs and feet, especially after great exertion or exposure to cold, is commonly called cramp. The best treatment for this is immediately to stand upright, and to well rub the part with the hand. The application of strong stimulants, as spirits of ammonia, or of anodynes, as opiate liniments, has been recommended. When spasm or cramp occurs in the stomach, a teaspoonful of sal volatile in water, or a teaspoonful of good brandy, may be swallowed immediately. When cramp comes or during cold bathing, the limb should be thrown out as suddenly and violently as possible, which will generally remove it, care being also taken not to become flurried or frightened, as presence of mind is very essential to personal safety on such an occasion.

A common cause of spasm is indigestion, and the use of acescent liquors; these should, therefore, be avoided, and bitters and absorbents had recourse to. See ANTISPASMODICS, and the names of the princ.i.p.al spasmodic diseases.

=SPEAR'MINT.= See MINT.

=SPE'CIES.= (In pharmacy.) Mixtures of dried plants, or parts of plants, in a divided state, which, for convenience, are kept mixed for use. The dry ingredients of pills, conserves, electuaries, mixtures, &c., that do not keep well when made up, or which are in little demand, may be economically and conveniently preserved in this state. The word, thus applied, is obsolete out of the pharmaceutical laboratory.

=Species, Anthelmin'tic.= _Syn._ SPECIES ANTHELMINTICae, L. The dried flowering tops of tansy and wormwood, and the flowers of chamomile, equal parts; mix, and keep them in a close vessel. (P. Cod.)

=Species, Aperitive.= See SPECIES, DIURETIC (_below_).

=Species, Aromat'ic.= _Syn._ AROMATIC POWDER; SPECIES AROMATICae, L.

_Prep._ (Ph. Bor.) Leaves of balm and curled-leaf mint (_Mentha crispa_), of each 4 oz.; lavender flowers, 2 oz.; cloves, 1 oz.; dry them by a gentle heat, and then powder them.

=Species, Astrin'gent.= _Syn._ SPECIES ASTRINGENTES, L. The roots of bistort and tormentil, and bark of pomegranate, equal parts. (P. Cod.)

=Species, Bechicae.= (P. Cod.) 1. Leaves of Canadian maidenhair, ground ivy, hartstongue, speedwell, hyssop tops and poppy capsules, (freed from seed), of each equal parts. Cut and mix. 2. Dried flowers of mallow, catsfoot, coltsfoot and petals of red poppy, of each 1 oz. Mix. The Fructs Bechici are:--Dates (stored) 1 oz.; jujubes, 1 oz.; figs, 1 oz.; raisins, 1 oz.

=Species, Bitter.= _Syn._ THREE BITTER HERBS; SPECIES AMARae, HERBae AMARae, L. The leaves of germander, and dried tops of lesser centaury and wormwood, equal parts. (P. Cod.)

=Species, Carminative.= _Syn._ SPECIES CARMINATIVE. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Equal parts of aniseeds, caraway seeds, coriander seeds, and fennel seeds.

=Species, Capil'lary.= _Syn._ FIVE CAPILLARY HERBS; HERBae QUINQUE CAPILLARES, L. Hartstongue, black maiden hair, white do., golden do., and spleenwort, equal parts. (Ph. L. 1720.)

=Species, Cor'dial.= _Syn._ FOUR CORDIAL FLOWERS; SPECIES CORDIALES, L.

The flowers of borage, bugloss, roses, and violets, equal parts. (Ph. L.

1720.)

=Species for Decoction Woods.= _Syn._ SPECIES AD DECOCTUM LIQUORUM. (G.

Ph.) _Prep._ Rasped guaiac.u.m wood, 4 oz.; cut burdock root, 2 oz.; ononis root, 2 oz.; cut liquorice, 1 oz; cut sa.s.safras, 1 oz. Mix,

=Species, Diuret'ic.= _Syn._ APERIENT ROOTS, APERITIVE SPECIES; SPECIES DIURETICae, L. 1. (FIVE GREATER APERITIVE ROOTS--P. Cod., & Ph. E. 1744.) The dried roots of asparagus, butcher's broom, parsley, smallage, and sweet fennel, equal parts.

2. (FIVE LESSER APERITIVE ROOTS.) Those of caper, dog-gra.s.s, eryngo, madder, and restharrow.

=Species, Emol'lient.= _Syn._ SPECIES EMOLLIENTES, L. 1. (THREE EMOLLIENT MEALS; FARINae EMOLLIENTES.) The meal of barley, linseed, and rye, equal parts. (P. Cod.)

2. (FIVE EMOLLIENT HERBS; HERBae QUINQUE EMOLLIENTES.)--_a._ The dried leaves of groundsel, common mallow, marshmallow, great mullein, and wall pellitory, equal parts. (P. Cod.)

_b._ The leaves of mallow, marshmallow, French mercury, pellitory of the wall, and violet. (Ph. E. 1744.)

=Species for Ene'mas.= _Syn._ HERBS FOR CLYSTERS; HERBae PRO ENEMATE, L.

Mallow leaves, 2 parts; chamomile flowers, 1 part.

=Species of the five Herbs.= _Syn._ SPECIES DIETae; QUINQUE HERBae. FIVE CAPILLARY HERBS. (Ph. L. 1720.) _Prep._ Black and white maidenhair, spleenwort, hartstongue, and golden maidenhair.

=Species for Fomenta'tions.= _Syn._ SPECIES PRO FOTU, HERBae PRO FOTU, L.

Leaves of southernwood, tops of sea-wormwood, and flowers of chamomile, of each 2 parts; bay leaves, 1 part.

=Species, Hot.= 1. (FOUR GREATER HOT SEEDS.) The seeds of anise, caraway, c.u.min, and fennel.

2. (FOUR LESSER HOT SEEDS.) The seeds of bishop's weed, smallage, stone parsley, and wild carrot.

=Species, Lax'ative.= _Syn._ ST GERMAIN LAXATIVE POWDER; SPECIES LAXANTES ST GERMAIN, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Bor.) Senna leaves (exhausted with spirit), 4 oz.; elder flowers, 2-1/2 oz.; aniseed and fennel seed, of each 1-1/4 oz.; reduce them to coa.r.s.e powder, and, when dispensing, add of powdered cream of tartar, 1 dr., to each 1-1/2 oz. of the mixture.

=Species, Narcotic.= _Syn._ FOUR NARCOTIC HERBS; SPECIES NARCOTICae, L.

Dried leaves of belladonna, black nightshade, henbane, and thorn-apple, equal parts.

=Species, Purging.= _Syn._ SPECIES PURGANTES. THe DE SANTe. THe DE ST GERMAIN. (P. Cod.) Senna, 12 dr.; elder flowers, 5 dr.; fennel seeds, 3 dr.; aniseed, 5 dr.; cream of tartar, 3 dr. Eighty grains in a cup of boiling water for a dose, said to be very serviceable and largely used in France for habitual constipation.

=Species, Pec'toral.= _Syn._ SPECIES BECHICae, SPECIES AD INFUSUM PECTORALES, L, 1. Mallow root, 4 oz.; coltsfoot leaves, 2 oz.; liquorice root, 1-1/2 oz.; aniseed, great mullein flowers and red-poppy flowers, of each 1 oz.; orris root, 1/2 oz. (Ph. Bor.)

=Species, Refri"gerant.=--1. (FOUR COLD SEEDS.) The seeds of cuc.u.mber, gourd, melon, and water-melon.

2. (FOUR LESSER COLD SEEDS.) The seeds of endive, lettuce, purslane, and succory.

=Species, Resol'vent.= _Syn._ FARINae RESOLVENTES, L. The meal of the seeds of barley, bean, tare, and white lupin.

=Species, Vulnerary.= _Syn._ SPECIES VULNERARIae. THe SIUSSE. _Prep._ Leaves and tops of wormwood, betony, bugle, calamint, germander, hyssop, ground ivy, millefoil, origanum, periwinkle, rosemary, self-heat, sage, hartstongue, water-germander, thyme, speedwell, flower of Armea, flower of catsfoot, flower of coltsfoot, of each equal parts. Cut and mixed.

=SPECIF'IC GRAVITY= is the comparative weights of equal bulks of different substances, the a.s.sumed standard being 1 and sometimes 1000. This standard is pure distilled water for liquids and solids, and atmospheric air for gaseous bodies and vapours.[178] In England the sp. gr., unless when otherwise expressed, is always taken at 60 Fahr.; but in France it is taken at 32 Fahr. (0 C), or the temperature of melting ice. In the 'British Pharmacopia,' whenever specific gravity is mentioned, the substance spoken of is supposed to be of the temperature of 60 Fahr. In most cases, however, it is sufficient merely to note the temperature, and to apply a correction, depending on the known density of water, or air, at the different degrees of the thermometric scale.

[Footnote 178: By many modern chemists _hydrogen_, the lightest substance in nature, is taken as the standard for the specific gravity of gases and vapours.]