Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 215

=Soap, a.r.s.en'ical.= _Syn._ SAPO a.r.s.eNICALIS, L. _Prep._ (Becurs.) From carbonate of potash, 12 oz.; white a.r.s.enic, white soap, and air-slaked lime, of each 4 oz.; powdered camphor, 3/4 oz.; made into a paste with water, q. s. Used to preserve the skins of birds, and other small animals.

=Soap, Black.= _Syn._ SAPO NIGER, S. MOLLIS COMMUNIS, L. A crude soft soap, made of fish oil and potash; but the following mixture is usually sold for it:--Soft soap, 7 lbs.; train oil, 1 lb.; water, 1 gall.; boil to a proper consistence, adding ivory black or powdered charcoal, q. s., to colour. Used by farriers.

=SOAPS (Med'icated).= A few only of these deserve notice here:--

=Soap, Antimo"nial.= _Syn._ SAPO ANTIMONIALIS, SAPO STIBIATUS, L. _Prep._ (Hamb. Cod. 1845.) Golden sulphuret of antimony, 2 dr.; solution of caustic pota.s.sa, 6 dr. (or q. s.); dissolve and triturate the solution with medicated (Castile) soap (in powder), 1-1/2 oz., until the ma.s.s a.s.sumes a pilular consistence. It should be of a greyish-white colour.

=Soap, Chlorina'ted.= _Syn._ SAPO CALCIS CHLORINATae, L.; SAVON ANTISYPHILITIQUE, Fr. _Prep._ From Castile soap (in powder), 11 oz.; chloride of lime (dry and good), 1 oz.; mix, beat them to a ma.s.s with rectified spirit, q. s.; (holding in solution) oil of verbena or of ginger gra.s.s, 1/4 oz.; lastly, form the ma.s.s into flat tablets, and wrap these in thin sheet gutta percha. A most excellent detergent and stimulant soap in various affections, admirably adapted for hospital use, and for removing stains from the skin and rendering it white. It is the most powerful known agent against infection from contagious diseases communicable by contact.

=Soap, Cod-Liver Oil.= _Syn._ SAPO OLEI JECORIS (Deschamps). _Prep._ Cod-liver oil, 2 oz.; caustic soda, 2 dr.; water, 5 dr.; dissolve the soda in the water, and mix it with the oil. An ioduretted soap is made by mixing with the above, 1 dr. of iodide of pota.s.sium dissolved in 1 dr. of water.

=Soap, Cro'ton.= _Syn._ SAPO CROTONIS, L. _Prep._ From croton oil and liquor of pota.s.sa, equal parts; triturated together in a warm mortar until they combine. Cathartic.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 gr.

=Soap of Gamboge.= _Syn._ SAPO GAMBOGIae. (Soubeiran.) _Prep._ Mix 1 part of gamboge with 2 of soap, dissolve it with a little spirit, and evaporate to a pilular consistence.

=Soap, of Gua'iac.u.m.= _Syn._ SAPO GUAIACI, SAPO GUAIACINUS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Bor.) Liquor of pota.s.sa, 1 oz.; water, 2 oz.; mix in a porcelain capsule, apply heat, and gradually add of resin of guaiac.u.m (in powder), 6 dr., or as much as it will dissolve; next decant or filter, and evaporate to a pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 gr.; in chronic rheumatism, various skin diseases, &c.

=Soap I'odine.= _Syn._ SAPO IODURATUS, L. _Prep._ From Castile soap (sliced), 1 lb.; iodide of pota.s.sium, 1 oz.; (dissolved in) water, 3 fl.

oz.; melt them together in a gla.s.s or porcelain vessel, over a water bath.

Excellent in various skin diseases; also as a common soap for scrofulous subjects.

=Soap of Jal'ap.= See JALAP, SOAP OF.

=Soap, Larch.= _Syn._ SAPO LARICIS. (Dr Moore.) _Prep._ Dissolve 12 oz. of white curd soap in 24 oz. of rose water on a steam bath. Infuse 4 oz. of wheat bran in 10 oz. of cold water for 24 hours, and express. Add to the last, 3 oz. of pure glycerin. Dissolve 6 dr. of extract of larch bark in 1 oz. of boiling water. Mix these solutions with the dissolved soap, evaporate over a steam bath to a proper consistence, and pour into moulds to cool. For the local treatment of psoriasis.

=Soap, Macquer's Acid.= _Syn._ SAPO VITRIOLICUS, L. _Prep._ From Castile soap, 4 oz.; softened by heat and a little water, and then continually triturated in a mortar with oil of vitriol (added drop by drop).

Detergent. Used where alkalies would be prejudicial.

=Soap, Marine.= _Patent._ This is made by subst.i.tuting cocoa nut oil for the fats and oils used in the manufacture of common soap. It has the advantage of forming a lather with salt water.

=Soap, Mercu"rial.= _Syn._ SAPO HYDRARGYRI. (M. Herbert.) 1. _Prep._ Dissolve 4 oz. of quicksilver in its weight of nitric acid without heat; melt in a porcelain basin by water bath 18 oz. of veal suet, and add the solution, stirring the mixture till the union is complete. To 5 oz. of this ointment, add 2 oz. of solution of caustic soda (133), porphyry slag, till a soap is formed, which is completely soluble in water. For external use, alone, or dissolved in water, in some cutaneous diseases.

2. SAPO MERCURIALIS, L. _Prep._ (SAPO SUBLIMATIS CORROSIVI.) From Castile soap (in powder), 4 oz.; corrosive sublimate, 1 dr.; (dissolved in) rectified spirit, 1 fl. oz.; beaten to a uniform ma.s.s in a porcelain or wedgwood-ware mortar.

3. (SAPO HYDRARGYRI, PRECIPITATI ALBI--Sir H. Marsh.) _Prep._ Beat 12 oz.

of white Windsor soap in a marble mortar, add 1 dr. of rectified spirit, 2 dr. of white precipitate, and 10 drops of otto. Beat the whole to a uniform paste.

4. (SAPO HYDRARGYRI, PRECIPITATI RUBRI--Sir H. Marsh.) From white Windsor soap, 2 oz.; nitric oxide of mercury (levigated), 1 dr.; otto of roses, 6 or 8 drops; (dissolved in) rectified spirit, 1 to 2 fl. dr.; as the last.

Both the above are employed as stimulant detergents and repellants, in various skin diseases; also as SAVON ANTISYPHILITIQUE.

=Soap of Subacetate of Lead.= _Syn._ SAPO SATURNI (Bristol Infirmary).

_Prep._ Boil 1 lb. of white soap in 4 pints of rain water; when the soap is dissolved add 1 oz. of camphor pulverised with spirit, and mixed with 2 oz. of liquid subacetate of lead, stir the whole till cold.

=Soap, Sul'phuretted.= _Syn._ SAPO SULPHURIS, SAPO SULPHURATUS, L. _Prep._ (Sir H. Marsh.) From white soap, 2 oz.; sublimed sulphur, 1/4 oz.; beaten to a smooth paste in a marble mortar with 1 or 2 fl. dr. of rectified spirit strongly coloured with alkanet root, and holding in solution otto of roses, 10 or 12 drops. In itch and various other cutaneous diseases.

=Soap, Tar.= _Syn._ SAPO PICIS LIQUIDae, SAPO PICEUS, L. _Prep._ From tar, 1 part; liquor of pota.s.sa and soap (in shavings), of each 2 parts; beat them together until they unite. Stimulant. Used in psoriasis, lepra, &c.

=Soap, Tur'pentine.= _Syn._ STARKEY'S SOAP; SAPO TEREBINTHINae, S.

TEREBINTHINATUS, L.; SAVON TeReBINTHINE, Fr. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Subcarbonate of potash, oil of turpentine, and Venice turpentine, equal parts; triturate them together, in a warm mortar, with a little water, until they combine; put the product into paper moulds, and in a few days slice it, and preserve it in a well-stopped bottle.

=SOAPS (Toilet).= Of toilet soaps there are two princ.i.p.al varieties:--

1. (Hard.) The basis of these is, generally, a mixture of suet, 9 parts, and olive oil, 1 part, saponified by caustic soda; the product is variously scented and coloured. They are also made of white tallow, olive, almond, and palm-oil soaps, either alone or combined in various proportions, and scented.

2. (Soft.) The basis of these is a soap made of hog's lard and potash, variously scented and coloured.

3. Guido Schnitzer, writing to 'Dingler's Journal' (cciii, 129-132),[173]

says that the use of sodium silicate (ordinary water-gla.s.s) has proved of great value in the manufacture of palm oil and cocoa-nut oil soaps, as it increases their alkalinity, and gives to them greater hardness and durability. It is for these reasons the silicate is much used in the manufacture of toilette soaps.

[Footnote 173: 'Journ. of Chem. Soc.,' new series, vol. x.]

He states that during the American war, when the price of resin soap reached a high price, sodium silicate was much used as a subst.i.tute in soap making. The soap is found to be the more active and durable in proportion to the amount of silica in the silicate.

Schnitzer made a series of experiments in order to discover a mixture which, on fusing, will yield a silicate as rich as possible in silica, without being insoluble in boiling water, and he found the following proportions yielded on fusion the best silicate for the above purposes:--

100 parts of soda ash (containing 91 per cent, of Na_{2}CO_{3}), and 180 of sand. In the solution of silicate obtained on treatment with boiling water, the proportion of the Na_{2}O to the SiO_{2} would then be as 1 to 29.

After long boiling with water, there ordinarily remains a slimy residue, which, on boiling up with fresh dilute soda-lye for a long time, furnishes a concentrated solution of silicate. This residue, consisting of silica, with insoluble higher silicates, was boiled with soda solution at 6 Baume, and the solution concentrated to 40 Baume, when the proportion therein of Na_{2}O to SiO_{2} was found to be as 1 to 1, and on cooling those crystallised out, sodium silicate of the formula Na_{2}SiO_{3} 8H_{2}O, in white foliated crystals.

On the small scale the perfume is generally added to the soap melted in a bright copper pan by the heat of a water bath; on the large scale it is mixed with the liquid soap, at the soap-maker's, before the latter is poured into the frames.

The following are examples of a few of the leading toilet soaps:[174]

[Footnote 174: See also SAVONETTES.]

=Soap, Bitter Al'mond.= _Syn._ SAVON D'AMANDE, Fr. _Prep._ From white tallow soap, 56 lbs.; essential oil of almonds, 3/4 lb.; as before.

=Savon au Bouquet.= [Fr.] _Prep._ From tallow soap, 30 lbs.; olive-oil soap, 10 lbs.; essence of bergamot, 4 oz.; oils of cloves, sa.s.safras, and thyme, of each 1 oz.; pure neroli, 1/2 oz.; brown ochre (finely powdered), 1/2 lb.; mixed as the last.

=Soap, Cin'namon.= _Prep._ From tallow soap, 14 lbs.; palm-oil soap, 7 lbs.; oil of cinnamon (ca.s.sia), 3 oz.; oil of sa.s.safras and essence of bergamot, of each 1/2 oz.; levigated yellow ochre, 1/2 lb.

=Soap, Float'ing.= _Prep._ From good oil soap, 14 lbs.; water, 3 pints; melted together by the heat of a steam or water bath, and a.s.siduously beaten until the mixture has at least doubled its volume, when it must be put into the frames, cooled, and cut into pieces. Any scent may be added.

=Soap, Glycerin.= Any mild toilet soap being liquefied, glycerin is intimately mixed with it in the proportion of from a 20th to a 25th of the weight of the soap. Sometimes a red, and others an orange tint is given to it. The scent usually consists of bergamot, or rose geranium, mixed with a little oil of ca.s.sia, to which sometimes a little oil of bitter almonds is added.

2. (Spon.) 40 lbs. of tallow, 40 lbs. of lard, and 20 lbs. of cocoa-nut oil, are saponified with 45 lbs. of soda lye, and 5 lbs. of potash lye, of 40 Baume, when the soap is to be made in the cold way. To the paste then add, pure glycerin 6 lbs., oil of Portugal, 1/2 oz., oil of bergamot, 1/3 oz., bitter almond oil, 5 oz., oil of vitivert, 3 oz.

=Soap, Hon'ey.= _Prep._ 1. From palm-oil soap and olive-oil soap, of each 1 part; curd soap, 3 parts; melted together and scented with the oil of verbena, rose-geranium, or ginger-gra.s.s.

2. From the finest bright-coloured yellow soap, scented with the oils of ginger-gra.s.s and bergamot.

=Soap, Liquid Glycerin--Glycerinseife, Flussige.= Sesame or cotton-seed oil is saponified with sufficient caustic potash, and while moist is dissolved in six times its weight of spirit of wine. The solution is filtered, five-sixths of the spirit is distilled from a water bath, and the cooled residue is reduced to the consistence of thin honey, with a mixture of 2 parts glycerin and 1 part spirit. It is then perfumed.

=Soap, Musk.= 1. A good ox suet or tallow soap is generally used for the basis of this. The scent is composed of a mixture of essence of musk, with small quant.i.ties of the oils of bergamot, cinnamon, and cloves. The quant.i.ty of musk must be regulated by the amount of fragrance required.

The soap is usually coloured with caramel.

2. Another kind is made with tallow and palm-oil soap, to which is added a mixture of the powders of cloves, roses, and gilliflowers, oil of bergamot, and essence of musk. The colouring matter is brown ochre.

=Soap, Musk.= As CINNAMON SOAP, but with essence of musk, supported with a little essence of bergamot and oil of cloves, as perfume, and burnt sugar, to colour.