Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 51

=Antimony, Diaph.o.r.et'ic.= _Syn._ CALX OF ANTIMONY, CALCINED' A., ANTIMO"NIATE OF POT'ASH, STIB'IATED KA'LI, DIAPh.o.r.eTIC MIN'ERAL, &c.; ANTIMO"NIUM DIAPh.o.r.eT'Ic.u.m, A. CALCINA'TUM, CALX ANTIMO"NII, C. A.

ANGLO"RUM, POTAS'Sae ANTIMO"NIAS, KALI STIB'Ic.u.m, &c., L. var.; ANTIMOINE DIAPh.o.r.eTIQUE, BIANTIMONIATE DE POTa.s.sE, Fr. An old preparation with numerous synonyms, of which the first two of the above are those which are now chiefly in use.

_Prep._ 1. Sulphide of antimony, 1 part; nitre, 3 parts; powder, mix, and deflagrate by spoonfuls in a red-hot crucible, then calcine for half an hour, and when cold powder the residuum.

2. WASHED DIAPh.o.r.eTIC A., W. CALX OF A.; ANTIMONIUM DIAPh.o.r.eTIc.u.m LO'TUM, A. D. ABLU'TUM (Ph. Bor. 1847), A. CALCINA'TUM (Ph. L. 1788); ANTIMOINE DIAPh.o.r.eTIQUE LAVe, &c., Fr.:--_a._ (Ph. L. 1788.) As the last, but the powder is subsequently deprived of soluble matter by repeated washings with water, after which it is collected and dried.

_b._ (Ph. Bor. 1847.) Metallic antimony, 1 part; nitre, 2 parts; as above, but drying the washed powder at a heat not exceeding 104 F.

_Prop., &c._ A white or greyish-white powder, without either smell or taste; gently diaph.o.r.etic and laxative; its activity greatly depending on the quant.i.ty of acid in the stomach.--_Dose_, 1 to 6 gr., or even 10 gr.; for _horses_, 1 to 3 or 4 _dr._ It was formerly in high repute; but is now almost superseded by the present pharmacopial preparations.

=Antimony, E'thiops of.= _Syn._ ae'THIOPS ANTIMONIA'LIS, L. _Prep._ 1. From metallic mercury, 1 part; sulphide of antimony, 2 parts; triturated together until the globules of the former entirely disappear.--2. Sulphide of antimony, 3 parts; black sulphide of mercury, 2 parts; triturated together for some time. An old remedy in certain skin diseases, still highly esteemed by some provincial pract.i.tioners.--_Dose_, 3 to 5 gr., gradually increased to 20 or 30 gr.

=Antimony, Flow'ers of.= _Syn._ FLO"RES ANTIMO"NII, L.; FLEURS D'ANTIMOINE, Fr. _Prep._ Throw powdered sulphide of antimony, by spoonfuls at a time, into an ignited tubulated retort with a short and very wide neck, until as many 'flowers' collect in the receiver as are required. An impure oxysulphide of antimony, with variable portions of trioxide, and undecomposed tersulphide. Emetic in doses of 1 to 3 grains.

=Antimony, Flowers of (Ar'gentine).= [-in.] _Syn._ WHITE OX'IDE OF ANTIMONY, SNOW OF A.; ANTIMO"NII FLO"RES ARGENTI'NI, A. NIX, L.; FLEURS ARGENTINE D'ANTIMOINE, OXYDE BLANC D'ANTIMOINE, Fr. _Prep._ Melt metallic antimony in a vessel freely exposed to the air, and furnished with a cool place for the 'flowers' to rest on, and collect them as deposited; or, and what is better, heat the metal to a full red or white heat in a covered crucible, and then suddenly expose it to the air, when it will inflame, and the oxidised vapour condense as 'flowers' on any cool surface (as a partially inverted wide-mouthed flask) held at a little distance over it. The product is TRIOXIDE OF ANTIMONY in a crystalline form, and received the name of argentine flowers from its silvery whiteness and beauty.

=Antimony, Flowers of (Helmont's).= _Syn._ FLO"RES ANTIMO"NII HELMON'TII. An old preparation formed by dissolving sulphide of antimony in aqua regia, expelling the free water and acid by heat, and subliming the residuum with an equal weight of sal ammoniac. Violently emetic, even in small doses, and unfit for internal use.

=Antimony, Flowers of (Red).= _Syn._ FLO"RES ANTIMO"NII RU'BRI, L. From sulphide of antimony, and sal ammoniac, both in fine powder, mixed and sublimed together. Resembles the last.

=Antimony, Ful'minating.= See FULMINATING COMPOUNDS.

=Antimony, Gla.s.s of.= _Syn._ VIT'RIFIED ANTIMONY*, V. OX'IDE OF A.*, GREY O. OF A.*; ANTIMO"NII VIT'RUM, ANTIMO"NIUM VITRIFICA'TUM, A.

VITRIFAC'TUM (Ph. L. 1788), OX'YDUM ANTIMONII VITRIFICATUM, &c., L.; VERRE D'ANTIMOINE, OXYSULFURE D'ANTIMOINE SILICATe, Fr. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1788.) Roast sulphide of antimony in a shallow earthen vessel, over a moderate fire, stirring it constantly with an iron rod, until it turns whitish-grey and ceases to emit fumes at a red heat; put the residuum into a covered crucible which it shall only two thirds fill, and expose it to an intense heat (gradually raised), until it fuses, then pour it out on an iron plate. If calcined too much, a little more crude antimony may be added to make it run well.

_Comp., Prop., &c._ A mixture of sulphide and oxide of antimony contaminated with a little silica and iron. In fine powder it is emetic, in doses of 1 to 3 gr.; but owing to the uncertainty and violence of its operation, is now seldom employed. It has been used as a cheap source of the TEROXIDE by the manufacturers of tartar emetic.

=Antimony, Gla.s.s of (Cera"ted).= _Syn._ ANTIMO"NII VIT'RUM CERA'TUM, L.

_Prep._ (Dr Young & Ph. L. 1746.) Gla.s.s of antimony, in very fine powder, 1 oz.; yellow wax, 1 dr.; melt together in an iron ladle, and keep it over a gentle fire free from flame (constantly stirring) for about half an hour, or until it acquires a snuff colour, then pour it out on a piece of white paper (or a plate), and when cold, powder it.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr., in dysentery, &c.

=Antimony, Li'ver of.= _Syn._ HE'PAR ANTIMO"NII, L.; HePAR D'ANTIMOINE, OXYSULFURE D'ANTIMOINE SILICATe, Fr. _Prep._ From sulphide of antimony, 1 part; and dry carbonate of sodium or pota.s.sium, 2 parts; melted together, and heated until it acquires the proper colour, and then cooled and powdered.

_Comp., Uses, &c._ A mixture of trioxide of antimony, sulphide of pota.s.sium, carbonate of pota.s.sium, and undecomposed trisulphide of antimony. It is chiefly used by farriers, in doses of 1 to 2 dr., as an alterative purge for horses, in greasy heels, &c.; and sometimes by chemists, as a source of the crude oxide. Crocus of antimony, before noticed, sometimes pa.s.ses under the name, and is sold for it.

=Antimony, Ore of.= _Syn._ ANTIMONY-ORE. Native sulphide of antimony.

=Antimony, Oxide of.= The B. P. name for Antimony, Trioxide of (which _see_).

=Antimony, Oxides of.= Antimony forms with oxygen three definite compounds, viz the--

Trioxide or antimonious oxide Sb_{2}O_{3}

Tetroxide or antimonoso-antimonic { or oxide Sb_{2}O_{4} {Sb_{2}O_{3}.

{Sb_{2}O_{5}

Pentoxide or antimonic oxide Sb_{2}O_{5}

=Antimony, Trioxide of.= Sb_{2}O_{3}. _Syn._ TEROXIDE OF ANTIMONY, ANTIMONIOUS OXIDE (B. P. OXIDE OF ANTIMONY, Eng.; ANTIMONII OXIDUM, L.).

_Prep._ (B. P.) Take of solution of chloride of antimony, 16 fluid _oz._; carbonate of soda, 6 _oz._; water, 2 _galls._; distilled water, a sufficiency. Pour the antimonial solution into the water, mix thoroughly, let the precipitate settle, remove the supernatant liquid by a siphon, add one gallon of distilled water, agitate well, let the precipitate subside, again withdraw the fluid, and repeat the processes of affusion of distilled water, agitation, and subsidence. Add now the carbonate of soda previously dissolved in two pints of distilled water, leave them in contact for half an hour, stirring frequently, collect the deposit on a calico filter, and wash with boiling distilled water until the washings cease to give a precipitate with a solution of nitrate of silver acidulated by nitric acid. Lastly, dry the product at a heat not exceeding 212.

_Char. and Tests._ A greyish-white powder, fusible at a low red heat, insoluble in water, but readily dissolved by hydrochloric acid. The solution, dropped into distilled water, gives a white deposit, at once changed to orange by sulphuretted hydrogen. It dissolves entirely when boiled with an excess of the acid tartrate of potash.

_Uses._ Chiefly in making tartar emetic and some other salts of antimony; also in the preparation of pulvis antimonialis. Therapeutically, it is a diaph.o.r.etic and febrifuge.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 grains.

=Antimony, Pentoxide of.= See ANTIMONIC ANHYDRIDE.

=Antimony, Tetroxide of.= Sb_{2}O_{4} or Sb_{2}O_{3}.Sb_{2}O_{5}. _Syn._ ANTIMONOSO-ANTIMONIC OXIDE, ANTIMONIOUS ACID. Found natural as Cervant.i.te or Antimony ochre. Prepared by heating antimonic anhydride, by roasting the trioxide or trisulphide, or by the action of excess of nitric acid on finely powdered metallic antimony. Thus prepared, it is a white solid, unalterable by heat; slightly soluble in water, more so in hydrochloric acid.

=Antimony, Oxychloride of.= SbOCl. _Syn._ POWDER OF ALGAROTH. Thrown down as a white precipitate when trichloride of antimony is poured into water.

Continued washing with water deprives it of nearly the whole of its chlorine, and converts it into the trioxide, a change which is more completely effected by aqueous solutions of the alkalies or their carbonates.

=Antimony, Oxysulphide of.= The compound Sb_{2}O_{3}.2Sb_{2}S_{3} occurs native as red antimony. Antimony blende, Kermesome, Rothspiessglanzerz, Crocus of antimony, Gla.s.s of antimony, and similar preparations, are believed by some authorities to be crude oxysulphides of antimony. See ANTIMONY, SULPHURATED.

=Antimony, Red.= See OXYSULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY, before noticed.

=Antimony, Reg'ulus of.= _Syn._ REG'ULUS ANTIMO"NII, L. Metallic antimony obtained by fusion. Alloys formed by fusing antimony with iron, tin, lead, or copper, and a little tartar, were respectively called MAR'TIAL REGULUS OF ANTIMONY (_r. antimo"nii martia'lis_, L.), R. A. JOVIA'LIS (L.), R. A.

SATURNI'NUS (L.), R. A. VEN'ERIS (L.), &c. (See _below_.)

=Antimony, Ru'by of.= _Syn._ MEDIC'INAL (-dis'-) REG'ULUS OF ANTIMONY; ANTIMO"NII RUBI'NUS, REG'ULUS MEDICINA'LIS, R. A. M., &c., L. From crude sulphide of antimony, 5 parts; fused with carbonate of pota.s.sa, 1 part; and the purified portion separated from the scoriae. See LIVER OF ANTIMONY.

=Antimony, Saff'ron of.= See CROCUS OF ANTIMONY.

=Antimony, Smelt'ed.= _Syn._ ANTIMO"NIUM PURIFICA'TUM, L. Crude antimony melted and poured into small conical moulds.--_Uses, &c._ Same as the ordinary tersulphide.

=Antimony, Snow of.= See ANTIMONY, FLOWERS OF.

=Antimony, Sulphurated.= B. P. _Syn._ OXYSULPHURET, or PRECIPITATED SULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY, GOLDEN SULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY. Mix black antimony 10 _oz._ with solution of soda 4-1/2 pints, and boil for two hours, with frequent stirring, adding distilled water occasionally to maintain the same volume. Strain the liquor through calico, and before it cools add to it by degrees dilute sulphuric acid till the latter is in slight excess.

Collect the precipitate on a calico filter, wash with distilled water till the washings no longer precipitate with chloride of barium, and dry at a temperature not exceeding 212 F.--_Dose_, 1 to 5 grains.

=Antimony, Sulphantimonate.= _Syn._ SCHLIPPE'S ANTIMONIAL SALT. Mix eight parts of effloresced sulphate of soda, six of black antimony, and three of charcoal, and expose to a red-heat in a covered Hessian crucible till the fused ma.s.s ceases to throw up a sc.u.m. Boil the residue in a porcelain vessel with one part of sulphur and sufficient distilled water, and set the filtered liquor aside for crystallisation.

=Antimony, Pentasulphide of= (Sb_{2}S_{5}), is a yellowish-red powder, obtained (1) by pa.s.sing hydrosulphuric acid gas through a mixture of pentachloride of antimony, water, and tartaric acid; or (2) through antimonic anhydride suspended in water. It is insoluble in water; hot hydrochloric acid decomposes it, producing trichloride of antimony, sulphur, and hydrosulphuric acid. With the more basic metallic sulphides it unites to form a cla.s.s of salts called sulphantimonates.

=Antimony, Trisulphide of.= Sb_{2}S_{3}. _Syn._ TERSUL'PHIDE OF ANTIMONY, SUL'PHIDE OF A., SUL'PHURET OF A., BLACK S. OF A., SESQUISUL'PHURET OF A., &c.; L'ANTIMOINE SULFURE, SULFURE D'ANTIMOINE, &c., Fr.; SCHWEFEL-SPIESSGLANZ, ANDERTHALB, &c., Ger. This is the grey or greyish-black substance commonly known as crude antimony, black antimony, or sulphide of antimony, in commerce, and from which the other compounds of antimony are chiefly obtained.

_Nat. hist., Sources, &c._ See ANTIMONY.

The crude ore is freed from earthy impurities in the following manner:--The crushed ore is submitted to 'eliquation' in order to separate the SULPHIDE from the gangue or earthy matter with which it is contaminated; after which it is remelted and run into 'loaves' or large cakes, in which form it is sent to market. Formerly the operation was performed by introducing the ore into large pots or crucibles having a hole in the bottom, and which, after being closely covered, were set in a circle around a suitable furnace, by which they were heated. At the present time the process is commonly conducted in a 'reverberatory furnace,' similar to that figured in the _engraving_.

[Ill.u.s.tration:

_a_, _b_, Grate and fire-place.

_c_, Bridge.

_e_, Concave s.p.a.ce for ore formed by a solid bed (_f_) of clay and sand, and having a 'hole' near the bottom extending nearly horizontally through the wall of the furnace to 'run off' the fused sulphide.

_g_, Door for introducing ore, and removing residuum.

_h_, Chimney.

_i_, Damper, chain, and lever.]