Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 82

The last three are employed for pale woods. They are all applied by means of a rag, and are 'polished off' with a 'woollen rubber' or 'furniture brush.' A little strong vinegar, or a few drops of hydrochloric acid, are sometimes added. See POLISH.

=Oil, Hair.= See OIL (Perfumed).

=Oil and Hartshorn.= Liniment of ammonia.

=Oil, I'ron.= _Syn._ OLEUM FERRI, O. MARTIS, L. The old name for the liquid formed when perchloride of iron is allowed to deliquesce by free exposure to the air. It is excessively caustic and corrosive.

=Oil, Lime.= See CALCIUM (Chloride).

=Oil, Macas'sar.= See OILS (Perfumed).

=Oil, Mar'row.= _Prep._ From clarified beef marrow, 1 part; oil of almonds, 3 parts; melted together, and strained through muslin. It is usually scented with ambergris, ca.s.sia, or mace, and slightly tinged with palm oil or annotta. Used for the hair.

=Oils, Marshall's.= _Prep._ From linseed oil and rape oil, of each 1 lb.; green oil and oil of turpentine, of each 1/2 lb.; oil of origanum, 1/2 fl.

oz.; oil of vitriol, 1/4 oz.; well shaken together.

=Oils, Mixed.= _Syn._ OLEUM MIXTUM COMMUNE, L. _Prep._ From linseed oil and green oil, of each 1 lb.; oil of turpentine, 1/2 lb.; Barbadoes tar and balsam of sulphur, of each 2 oz.; oils of spike and origanum, of each 1 oz. Stimulant and rubefacient. Used by farriers for sprains, &c. See OILS, STAMFORD'S (_below_).

=Oils, Newmarket.= _Prep._ From oils of linseed, turpentine, and St John's wort, of each 3 lbs.; oil of vitriol, 1-1/2 oz.; well shaken together, and the clear portion decanted in a few days. A favourite remedy for sprains in horses.

=Oils, Nine.= _Syn._ OLD MIXED OILS; OLEUM EX OMNIBUS, L. _Prep._ From train oil, 1 gall.; oil of turpentine, 1 quart; oil of amber and oil of bricks, of each 5 oz.; oil of spike and oil of origanum, of each 2 oz.; Barbadoes tar, 2-1/2 lbs.; oil of vitriol, 2 oz.; camphorated spirit, 1/2 pint, mixed together as the last. A favourite remedy with provincial farriers.

=Oil of Petre.= See OIL, BRITISH (_above_).

=Oil, Phos'phorated.= _Syn._ OLEUM PHOSPHORATUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Bor.) Phosphorus (dried and sliced small), 6 gr.; oil of almonds, 1 oz.; mix, place the phial in hot water, agitate for some time, and, when cold, decant the clear oil from the undissolved phosphorus.

2. (Magendie.) Phosphorus (sliced), 1/2 dr.; almond oil, 1 oz.; macerate in the dark, with frequent agitation, for 14 days, then, after repose, decant the clear portion, and aromatise it with a little essence of bergamotte.

3. (B. Ph.) _Prep._ Take of phosphorus and oil of almonds, of each q. s.

Heat the oil in a porcelain dish to 300 F., and keep it at this temperature for about 15 minutes, then let it cool and filter it through paper. Put 4 fluid ounces of this oil into a stoppered bottle capable of holding four and a half fluid ounces; then add to it 12 grains of phosphorus. Immerse the bottle in hot water until the oil has acquired the temperature of 180 F., removing the stopper two or three times to allow the escape of expanded air, then shake the oil and phosphorus together, until the latter is entirely dissolved.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 minims.

_Obs._ A fl. oz. of oil dissolves rather less than 5 gr. of pure phosphorus. The large excess ordered in the second formula must be merely for the purpose of increasing the extent of surface acted on. It is, however, with the other precautions given, quite unnecessary. The products of both formulae have the same strength.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 or 12 drops, in milk, barley water, or gruel, or made into an emulsion; in chronic rheumatism, gout, &c., and as a powerful, diffusible stimulant in various diseases with debility and general prostration of the vital powers, &c.

Externally, as a friction. It is chiefly to the presence of phosphorus that cod-liver owes its wonderful remedial power in these affections.

=Oil, Quit'ter.= _Prep._ 1. Red precipitate, 2 dr.; aquafortis, 1 oz.; dissolve, add of olive oil, oil of turpentine, and rectified spirit, of each 2 oz.; and agitate well and frequently for 3 or 4 hours.

2. Ointment of nitrate of mercury (Ph. L.), 1 part; nut oil, 3 parts; melt together, and stir until the mixture is cold. Used by farriers for quitters, &c.

=Oils, Radley's.= From Barbadoes tar, 1/2 lb.; linseed oil and oil of turpentine, of each 1/4 pint; gently warmed, and shaken together.

=Oil, Shav'ing.= See ESSENCE OF SOAP.

=Oil, Sheldrake's.= _Prep._ From pale boiled nut oil and copal varnish, equal parts, melted together by the heat of hot water, and, when perfectly mixed, placed aside in a bottle for a week to settle, after which the clear portion is decanted. Used by artists to grind their colours in to brighten them.

=Oil of Spike.= 1. (FARRIER'S). From oil of turpentine, 1 quart; Barbadoes tar, 1-1/2 oz.; alkanet root, 1/2 oz.; digested together for a week. Used as a stimulating liniment by farriers.

2. (PAINTER'S.)--_a._ From rectified oil of turpentine, 3 pints; oil of lavender, 1 pint; mix.

_b._ Oil of turpentine (warm), 5 parts; lavender oil bottoms (genuine), 3 parts; agitate well together, and in a fortnight decant the clear away.

Used by artists and enamellers.

=Oils, Stamford's.= _Syn._ LORD STAMFORD'S MIXED OILS. _Prep._ Dissolve camphor, 1 oz., in rectified spirit of wine, 1/4 pint; add oil of origanum, 2 oz.; oil of turpentine, 1/2 pint; green elder oil, 2 lbs.; and agitate until mixed. The rectified spirit is now generally omitted, the camphor being dissolved in the green oil by aid of heat before adding the other ingredients. Stimulant. Used by farriers.

=Oil, Sul'phurated.= _Syn._ BALSAM OF SULPHUR; OLEUM SULPHURATUM, BALSAMUM SULPHURIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1746.) Flowers of sulphur, 1 part; olive oil, 4 parts; boil together in a vessel lightly covered, until they a.s.sume the consistence of a thick balsam.

2. (Ph. L. 1824.) Olive oil, 16 fl. oz.; heat it in a sand bath, and gradually add of washed sulphur, 2 oz.; stirring until they combine.

_Prop., &c._ Balsam of sulphur is a dark, reddish-brown, viscid fluid, having an extremely disagreeable and penetrating odour, and a strong, nauseous taste. The local action of balsam of sulphur is that of an acrid and irritant; its remote effects those of a stimulant, expectorant, and diaph.o.r.etic. Externally, it is occasionally used as an application to foul ulcers; and was formerly commonly employed internally in chronic pulmonary affections, in doses of 20 to 50 drops. It is now seldom given internally except in veterinary practice.

=Oils, Three.= _Syn._ OLEUM DE TRIBUS (Van Mons), L. Oils of brick, lavender, and turpentine, equal parts. As a stimulant liniment.

=Oil of Vit'riol.= Sulphuric acid.

=Oils, Ward's.= _Syn._ WARD'S WHITE OILS. From powdered camphor, rape oil, oil of turpentine, rectified spirit, and liquor of pota.s.sa, equal parts, agitated together for some time, and again before use. Beef brine was formerly used instead of liquor of pota.s.sa.

=Oil, Watchmaker's.= Prepared by placing a clean strip or coil of lead in a small white-gla.s.s bottle filled with pure almond or olive oil, and exposing it to the sun's rays at a window for some time till a curdy matter ceases to be deposited, and the oil has become quite limpid and colourless. Used for fine work; does not become thick by age.

=Oil, Wedell's.= _Syn._ BEZOAR OIL; OLEUM BEZOARDIc.u.m, L. From nut oil, 1/4 pint; camphor, 1/2 oz.; dissolve by a gentle heat, and, when cold, add of essence of bergamot, 1 dr., and let it stand over a little alkanet root until sufficiently coloured.

=Oils, White.= _Syn._ WHITE EGG-OILS. _Prep._ 1. Yolks of eggs, 4 in number; oil of turpentine, 1/4 pint; mix, add of liquor of ammonia, 3 fl.

oz.; oil of origanum, 1/2 oz.; soaper's lye, 1/4 pint; water, 3/4 pint; agitate well, and strain through a coa.r.s.e hair sieve.

2. Rape oil, 3/4 pint; liquor of ammonia and oil of turpentine, of each 3 oz.; agitate until they form a milk.

3. (Redwood.) Whites and yolks of 2 eggs; oil of turpentine, 1-1/2 oz.; triturate together, add of Goulard's extract, 1/2 oz; mix, next add of distilled vinegar, 1-1/2 pint, and, lastly, of rectified spirit, 1-1/2 fl.

oz. Stimulant and detergent. Used by farriers.

=Oil, Worm (Canine).= _Syn._ OLEUM VERMIFUGUM CANINUM. _Prep._ From oil of turpentine and castor oil, equal parts; tinged yellow with a little palm oil or annotta.--_Dose._ For a middle-sized dog, 1/2 oz., repeated in 2 or 3 hours if it does not operate.

=OILS (in Perfumery).= _Syn._ SCENTED OILS; OLEA FIXA ODORATA, L. The oils which usually form the basis of these articles are those of almonds, ben, or olives; but others are occasionally used. The methods adopted for their preparation vary with the nature of the substances whose fragrance it is intended to convey to the oil. The Continental perfumers employ three different processes for this purpose, which they technically distinguish by terms indicative of their nature. These are as under:--

1. A sufficient quant.i.ty of the essential oil of the plant, or of the concentrated essence of the substance, if it does not furnish an oil, is added to the fixed oil which it is desired to perfume, until the latter becomes agreeably fragrant; the whole is then allowed to repose for a few days, and, if any sediment falls (which should not be the case when the ingredients are pure), the clear portion is decanted into another bottle.

When alcoholic essences are thus employed, the fixed oil should be gently warmed, and the admixture made in a strong bottle, so as to permit of it being corked and well agitated with safety; and in this case the agitation should be prolonged until the whole has become quite cold. In this way all the ordinary aromatised and perfumed oils of the English druggists and perfumers, as those of bergamotte, ca.s.sia, cloves, lavender, lemon, mille-fleurs, neroli, nutmeg, oranges, roses, &c., are made, but those of a few of the more delicate flowers, and of certain other substances, can only be prepared of the first quality by one or other of the processes described below.

In general, 1 to 1-1/2 dr. of the pure essential oil, or 3 to 4 fl. dr. of the alcoholic essences, are found sufficient to render 1 pint of oil agreeably fragrant, 1/2 dr. of pure attar of roses is, however, enough for this purpose, owing to the very powerful character of its perfume; but even a less quant.i.ty than this is commonly employed, on account of its costliness, the deficiency being made up by a mixture of the oils of rhodium, rosemary, and bergamotte. Most of the oils of this cla.s.s are intended for hair cosmetics.

2. (By INFUSION.) Dry substances, after being reduced to powder, or sliced very small--flowers or petals, after being carefully selected, and picked from the stems and other scentless portions--and soft or unctuous matters, as ambergris, civet, or musk, after being rubbed to a paste with a little oil, either with or without the addition of about twice their weight of clean sand or powdered gla.s.s, to facilitate the reduction, are digested in the fixed oil for about 1 hour, at a gentle heat obtained by means of a water bath, continual stirring being employed all the time; the mixture is then removed from the heat, covered up, and left to settle until the next day, when the clear portion is decanted into clean bottles. When flowers are employed, the free oil is drained off, and the remainder obtained by the action of a press. The process is then repeated with fresh flowers, 5 or 6 times, or even oftener, until the oil is sufficiently perfumed. For ambergris, musk, or civet, the digestion is generally continued for 15 to 20 days, during which time the vessel is either freely exposed to the sunshine, or kept in an equally warm situation.

The first quality of the oils of ambergris, balsam of Peru, benzoin, ca.s.sia, cinnamon, civet, orange flowers, orris, roses, styrax, and vanilla, are made by infusion.

3. (BY THE FLOWERS.)--_a._ Upon an iron frame a piece of white, spongy, cotton cloth is stretched, and then moistened with almond or olive oil, usually the latter; on the cloth is placed a thin layer of the fresh-plucked flowers; another frame is similarly treated, and in this way a pile of them is made. In 24 or 30 hours the flowers are replaced by fresh ones, and this is repeated every day or every other day, until 7 or 8 different lots of flowers have been consumed, or the oil is sufficiently loaded with their odour. The oil is then obtained from the cotton cloth by powerful pressure, and is placed aside in bottles to settle, ready to be decanted into others for sale. Sometimes thin layers of cotton wool, slightly moistened with oil, are employed instead of cotton cloth.

The oils of honeysuckle, jasmin, or jessamine, jonquil, may-blossom, myrtle-blossom, narcissus, tuberose, violet, and, in general, of all the more delicate flowers, are prepared in the above manner.

_b._ The native perfumers of India prepare their scented oils of bela, chumbul, jasmin, &c., in the following manner:--A layer of the scented flowers, about 4 inches thick and 2 feet square, is formed on the ground; over this is placed a layer of moistened tel or sesamum seeds, 2 inches thick, and on this another 4-inch layer of flowers. Over the whole a sheet is thrown, which is kept pressed down by weights attached round the edges.

The flowers are replaced with fresh ones after the lapse of 24 hours, and the process is repeated a third and even a fourth time, when a very highly scented oil is desired. The swollen sesamum seeds, rendered fragrant by contact with the flowers, are then submitted to the action of the press, by which their bland oil is obtained strongly impregnated with the aroma of the flowers. The expressed oil is then set aside in dubbers (bottles made of untanned hides) to settle. We have employed poppy seed in this country, in a similar manner, with great success.

_c._ The flowers are crushed in a mortar or mill, with one half their weight of blanched sweet almonds, and the next day the ma.s.s is gently heated and submitted to the action of a powerful press; the liquid thus obtained is allowed to repose for a week, when the upper portion of oil is decanted and filtered. This plan is occasionally adopted in this country for the oils of roses and of a few other flowers. (See _below_.)